KARAMANEV EQUATION (1996) FOR DETERMINING THE TERMINAL SETTLING VELOCITY AND DRAG COEFFICIENT

Given:
Particle Diameter (dp) mm 0.2 0.0002 metres Input Values
Fluid Density (ρl) kg/m3 1000 Calculated Values
Fluid Absolute Viscosity (µ) cP 1 0.001 Pa.s
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 203 0.203 metres
Dry Solids Density (ρs) kg/m3 2650

Calculated Values:
Parameter ϕ1* - 172.66
Particle Drag Coefficient at Terminal Settling Velocity (C D*) - 6.19
Particle Reynolds Number at Terminal Settling Velocity (R* particle) - 5.280
Particle Terminal Settling Velocity (v T) m/s 2.640E-02
DURAND-CONDOLIOS-WORSTER CORRELATION (1970) FOR HEAD LOSS OF SETTLING SLURRIES
Given:
Drag Coefficient at Terminal Settling Velocity (CD*) - 0.945 Input Values
Dry Solids Specific Gravity (s) - 2.65 Calculated Values
Durand-Condolios Experimental Constant (Ω) - 81
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 203 0.203 metres
Concentration by Volume (CV) Decimal 0.3
Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr 460 0.1278 m3/sec 127.78 litres/sec

Calculated Values:
Velocity (V) m/s 3.95
Froude Number (Fr) - 4.74
Excess Pressure Gradient (Φ) - 2.454
1+Φ - 3.454 Multiply the head loss for water alone by this value to get the head loss for slurry
The head loss for water alone can be found by using the Churchill Eqn for example
WILSON-ADDIE-SELGREN-CLIFT (1997) CORRELATION FOR HEAD LOSS OF A HETEROGENEOUS SETTLING SLURRY
(aka "WASC Correlation")

Given Data:
Dry Solids Specific Gravity (s) - 2.65 2650 kg/m3 Calculated Values
Absolute Viscosity of Carrier Fluid (µ) cP 1 1.000E-03 Pa.s Input Values
Density of Carrier Fluid (ρf) kg/m3 1000
Coefficient of Sliding Friction Between Bed & Pipe (µs) - 0.44
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 203 0.203 metres
Concentration by Volume (CV) Decimal 0.138 13.8 %
Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr 350 0.0972 m3/sec 97.2 litres/sec
Particle Size for 50% Cumulative Passing (d 50) mm 0.63 6.300E-04 metres
Particle Size for 85% Cumulative Passing (d85) mm 0.74 7.400E-04
Terminal Settling Velocity for d50 (v T50) m/s 0.104
Terminal Settling Velocity for d85 (v T85) m/s 0.123
Pipe Specific Roughness (ε) µm 1.5 1.500E-06 metres
Pipe Length (L) metres 100

Calculated Data:
Velocity (V) m/s 3.00
Terminal Settling Velocity Factor for d 50 Size (w50) - 0.162
Terminal Settling Velocity Factor for d 85 Size (w85) - 0.179
Carrier Fluid - Reynolds Number - Newtonian (R N) - 609789 TURBULENT
Carrier Fluid - Churchill Eqn "A" - 2.359E+22
Carrier Fluid - Churchill Eqn "B" - 4.238E-20
Carrier Fluid - Darcy Friction Factor (f D,water) - 0.0128
Carrier Fluid - Fanning Friction Factor (f f,water) - 0.0032
Carrier Fluid Only - Head Loss in Straight Pipe (h f) metres 2.90
Velocity at Midpoint of Transition… (V 50) m/s 4.121
σs - 0.046
Particle Distribution Parameter (M) - 1.7
Excess Pressure Gradient (Φ) - 2.962
1+Φ - 3.962
Slurry - Head Loss in Straight Pipe (h f,slurry) metres 11.47
Slurry - Pressure Drop per metre (ΔP/L) Pa/m 1125
SIMPLIFIED WASC (1997) CORRELATION FOR HEAD LOSS OF A HETEROGENEOUS SETTLING SLURRY

Given Data:
Dry Solids Specific Gravity (s) - 2.65 2650 kg/m3 Calculated Values
Absolute Viscosity of Carrier Fluid (µ) cP 1 1.000E-03 Pa.s Input Values
Density of Carrier Fluid (ρf) kg/m3 1000
Coefficient of Sliding Friction Between Bed & Pipe (µs) - 0.44
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 203 0.203 metres
Concentration by Volume (C V) Decimal 0.3 30 %
Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr 600 0.1667 m3/sec 166.7 litres/sec
Particle Size for 50% Cumulative Passing (d 50) mm 0.63 6.300E-04 metres
Particle Size for 85% Cumulative Passing (d85) mm 0.74 7.400E-04
Terminal Settling Velocity for d50 (v T50) m/s 0 SET THESE VALUES TO ZERO TO USE
Terminal Settling Velocity for d85 (v T85) m/s 0 THE SIMPLIFIED METHOD
Pipe Specific Roughness (ε) µm 1.5 1.500E-06 metres
Pipe Length (L) metres 100

Calculated Data:
Velocity (V) m/s 5.15
Terminal Settling Velocity Factor for d 50 Size (w50) - NO DATA
Terminal Settling Velocity Factor for d 85 Size (w85) - NO DATA
Carrier Fluid - Reynolds Number - Newtonian (R N) - 1045353 TURBULENT
Carrier Fluid - Churchill Eqn "A" - 4.730E+22
Carrier Fluid - Churchill Eqn "B" - 7.618E-24
Carrier Fluid - Darcy Friction Factor (f D,water) - 0.0117
Carrier Fluid - Fanning Friction Factor (f f,water) - 0.0029
Carrier Fluid Only - Head Loss in Straight Pipe (h f) metres 7.80
Velocity at Midpoint of Transition… (V 50) m/s 3.343
σs - NO DATA
Particle Distribution Parameter (M) - 1.700
Excess Pressure Gradient (Φ) - 0.670
1+Φ - 1.670
Slurry - Head Loss in Straight Pipe (h f,slurry) metres 13.02
Slurry - Pressure Drop per metre (ΔP/L) Pa/m 1278
CHURCHILL EQUATION FOR DETERMINING THE FRICTION FACTOR FOR NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN ALL FLOW REGIMES
Given Data: Calculated Values
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 203 0.203 metres Input Values
Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr 600 0.1667 m3/sec 166.67 litres/sec
Kinematic Viscosity (ν) cSt 1 1.000E-06 m2/sec
Pipe Specific Roughness (ε) µm 1.5 1.500E-06 metres
Pipe Length (L) metres 100

Calculated Data:
Velocity (V) m/s 5.15
Reynolds Number - Newtonian (RN) - 1045353 TURBULENT
A - 4.730E+22
B - 7.618E-24
Darcy Friction Factor (fD) - 0.012
Head Loss in Straight Pipe (hf) metres 7.80
SETTLING SLURRY SYSTEM CURVES USING DCW AND CHURCHILL WITH WATER AS THE CARRIER FLUID
Given Data:
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) metres 0.100 Input Values
Drag Coefficient at Terminal Settling Velocity (C D*) - 0.945 Calculated Values
Dry Solids Specific Gravity (s) - 2.7
Durand-Condolios Experimental Constant (Ω) - 82
Concentration by Volume (CV) Decimal 0.3
Pipe Specific Roughness (ε) µm 30 3.000E-05 metres Head loss for water found Head loss for slurry found
Pipe Length (L) metres 100 using the Churchill Eqn using Durand-Condolios-Worster

Calculated Data: CHURCHILL EQUATION WATER DCW SLURRY

Velocity (m/s) RN A B fD Water hf (m) Fr 1+Φ Slurry hf (m)
0.50 50000 3.412E+16 1.015E-02 0.069 0.87 0.15 443.210 387.54316814
1.00 100000 3.412E+16 1.549E-07 0.069 3.50 0.60 56.276 196.83216433
1.50 150000 3.412E+16 2.358E-10 0.069 7.87 1.35 17.378 136.75936764
2.00 200000 3.412E+16 2.364E-12 0.069 13.99 2.40 7.910 110.65776852
2.50 250000 3.412E+16 6.653E-14 0.069 21.86 3.75 4.538 99.193939224
3.00 300000 3.412E+16 3.598E-15 0.069 31.48 5.40 3.047 95.923400085
3.50 350000 3.412E+16 3.055E-16 0.069 42.85 7.35 2.289 98.084230312
4.00 400000 3.412E+16 3.607E-17 0.069 55.96 9.59 1.864 104.29546919
4.50 450000 3.412E+16 5.478E-18 0.069 70.83 12.14 1.607 113.7899162
5.00 500000 3.412E+16 1.015E-18 0.069 87.44 14.99 1.442 126.10725098
5.50 550000 3.412E+16 2.209E-19 0.069 105.80 18.14 1.332 140.95454234
Head Loss in Straight Pipe (metres per 100 metres)

6.00 600000 3.412E+16 5.491E-20 0.069 125.91 21.59 1.256 158.13650282

System Curves Calculated from DCW (Settling Slurry) & Churchill (Water)
450

400

350

300

250
Water hf (m)
200 Slurry hf (m)

150

100

50

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Pipeline Velocity (m/s)
DURAND'S FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE LIMITING SETTLING VELOCITY
Given Data:
Dry Solids Specific Gravity (S) - 2.7 2700
Density of Carrier Fluid (Sl) kg/m3 1339
Pipe Inside Diameter (D) mm 99.06 0.099
Concentration by Volume (CV) Decimal 0.2 20
Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr 42 0.0117
Particle Size for 50% Cumulative Passing (d50) mm 1 1.000E-03
Pipe Specific Roughness (ε) µm 1.5 1.500E-06

Calculated Data:

Actual Slurry Velocity (V) m/s 1.51

Settling Velocity Factor for Widely Graded Solids (F L) - 1.40
Durand Limiting Settling Velocity (VL) m/s 2.54

1.94310212
LING VELOCITY (V L)

kg/m3 Calculated Values

metres
%
m3/sec 11.7 litres/sec FL for Widely Graded Solids…
metres
metres