ss TRIGONOMETRY bd Trigonometric equations a * When a trigonometric function is equal to a value, e.g. cos. can be: @ Just one solution if, for instance, 0 @ = 5 (or 0.866), then there cos 0= pe ol ny & el coe * Ageneral solution to a trigonometric equation is a formula which gives all the solutions. Formulae for general solutions 1 Cosines Let a (alpha) be the solution that is closest to 0. ry Even multiples of x=» + «| 6 = 2nx * a or 0 = 360n + «, where nis an integer. *walkemaths 2 Sines ~: = nx + (-1)" a or 6= 180n + (-1)° a, where nis an integer. 3 Tangents +: @= nx +a or 6= 180n + a, where nis an integer. 2 PHOTOCORINGOF THIS GEIS RESTRICTED UNCER, SBE o7e0:7042872633 TRIGONOMETRY Basic equations Exampl 1 Let sin @ = 0.3420 and -360° = @ < 360°. ~ Range in degrees = a Find the general solution — answer in degrees Step 1: Find a sin 8= 0.3420 ~ pm o-27 © Bi + Leta = 20° Step 2: Apply the appropriate general solution formula, 9 = 180n + (-1)"0 = 180n + (-1)" x 20° b Find all the solutions to sin @ = 0.3420 for -360° < 0 < 360°, =-2= 8=-2x 180+ E1)?x 20° n= B= -1x 1804+ C1)" x 20° n=0=> = 0x 180+ (-1)?x 20° = 0° + 20° -2 = 1x 180 + (-1)' x 20° = 180° - 20° 60" 8 = 2x 180 + (-1)? x 20° = 360° + 20° = 380°, which is outside the range. ~ Solutions are: -340°, -200°, 20° and 160°. 2 Lettan 6=-V3 and-2n < @< 3, —_ Range in radians => answer in radians. a Find the general solution. Step 1 Step 2: ee %walkernaths 'b Find all the exact solutions to tan @ = V3 for -2n < @< 2x. n__4n al Oana n=0> n=1= n=2— 3 Let 2cos @ + 3 = 4.4142 and0 < 0< 3n. a Find the general solution. Step 1: 2cos @= 4.4142-3 'b Find all the exact solutions to 2cos 6 + 3 = 4.4142 for 0 < @< 3n. n=0 > O=On-5=-F Outside the range. O= 0049-5 n=1 > O~ 2-5 =k 0~ 24 -%33 TRIGONOMETRY 4 Letsin @ = 2cos 8 where 0 < 0 < 2x. a Find the general solution. sin @ cos 07" tan 0 2 Leta= 1.1071 Step 1: Step 2: O= ota = nx + 1.1074 b Find all the solutions to sin @ = 2cos @ where 0 < @< 2x. n=0=0=1.1071 n=1=0= 4.2487 ~. Solutions are 1.1071 and 4.2487. Find general and particular solutions for the following. For questions marked with a *, your particular solutions should be exact. 1 cos @= 0.4226 when -360° < 8< 400° 2 sin @= 0.9848 when 0° < 6 < 540° Ise oveoxroe2szas__pHooRoPyNG OFS NG RESTCTEDINOER AN 5walkemaths 3 tan @= 0.5317 when -180°< 05300? 4 sin @= 0.548 when-x <0 2x (Hint: Change your calculator to radians) 5 cos @ = 0.7518 when 0 < @< 4x 6 tan @= 0.347 when -3n < O< 0 1 +7 cos @= Fwhen —s 0s 2x *8 tan@=—V3 when0< 0< 4x % PWOTOCOPYNG OFTHE GEIS RESTRICTED UNGER, SB BTEDATORSTIE3.3 TRIGONOMETRY #9 sinO=—Swhen 20s 05 2x 10 dcos 8 = 3.8756 when -n < 6 < 3x 11 tan @+2 = 2.5206 when x < @< 3x 12. 3sin 0-2 = 0.673 when 100° < @ = 400° cos @ #13 sin@= when 0 < @< 30 +14 cos @=-sin @ when 0° < @< 720° Sse oraonros2sr2= ROTOCOPYNG OF GE ISRESTRETEDINOER LAN 7walkemaths Rearrangements of general solutions When you are given trigonometric functions of another function, rearrange in order to find the general solution Examples: 1. Solve cos 40 = 0.3090 when 0° < 0 < 200°. cos 40 = 0.3090 => a = 72° <1. 40 = 360n + 72° > tearsoge = 90n + 18° n=0— @=90x 0-18" =-18° Out of range 6=90x0 + 18° = 18° 90x 1- 18° = 72° 90x 1+ 18° = 108° n=2> =x 2-18° = 162° = 9x2+ 18° = 198° +. Solutions are: 18°, 72°, 108°, 162° and 198°. 2 Solve sin (20 + 1) = 0.3986 for the range 0 < 0<6. sin (20 + 1) = 0.3986 >a =0.41 20+ 1 = nx + -1)°x0.41 20= n+ AY x0.41—1 i Rearrange On +1" x0.205 - 0.5 Rearrange n=1— 6= 5 -0.205- 0.5 = 0.8658 n=2— — @=n+0.205-05 = 2.8466 n=3= — 9=3f-0205-05 = 4.0074 0 = 2n + 0.205-0.5 = 5.9882 0.8658, 2.8466, 4.0074 and 5.9882.walkermaths Rearrangements of general solutions When you are given trigonometric functions of another function, rearrange in order to find the general solution Examples: 1 Solve cos 40 = 0.3090 when 0° < @ < 200°. cos 40 = 0.3090 = a = 72° . 40-= 360n + 72° > terme = 90n + 18° n=0=> 6= 90x 0-18? = ~18° Out of range =90x0 + 18° = 18° n=1> 0=90x 1-189 =72° @=90x 1+ 18° = 108° n=2= 90 x 2- 18° = 162° 90 x2 + 18° = 198° <. Solutions are: 18°, 72°, 108°, 162° and 198°. 2 Solve sin (20 + 1) = 0.3986 for the range 0 < 0< 6. sin (20+ 1) = 0.3986 a= 041 20+ 1 = nm+ (1x04 feaae 20= nx + (4x04 -1 = TE + 4)" x 0.205 -0.5 ey. n=1= 6=4_0205-05=0.8658 n=2— = +0205-05 ~ 2.8466 n=3— = 3-0.205-05 ~ 40074 0 = 2x +0.205-0.5 = 5.9882 : 0.8658, 2.8466, 4.0074 and 5.9882. 833 TRIGONOMETRY Find general and particular solutions for each of the following 1 tan 40= 1.28 for-90° < @.< 90° 2 cos 26= 0.0349 for 0° < 6 < 120° 3 sin 86 = 0.8290 for -30° < @< 30° 4 tan48=0.2027 for— \cee a70170405728 _PHOTOODPNG OF HS PGE RESTRICTED LNOER LA ”walkermaths 5 cos 30= 0.9359 for0< O0=n n=1=0=3n ©. Solutions are x and 3x. 2 2sin 8 cos @= sin @where 0 < 0< 2x 2sin @ cos @-sin 8= 0 sin @(2cos @- 1) = 0 Either sin @= 0, so @=0, x or 2x a1 506m Zor Onens 8 =p aad: yea +. Solutions are: 0, 3, x, 5 and 2x, 3 2sin 0+ cosec 8-3 =O where 0.< O< 20 1 2sin ore 673 2sin? 8+ 1-3sin@=0 2sin? @-3sin@+1=0 (2sin @- 1)(sin @- 1) = 0 1 Either sin @= 4 => ither sin @= > => 8 ‘sve sracivotsr2s moTOCOPYNG OFS PLE I RESTACTED UNDER LAM 101walkermaths_ 4 sin? @-sin @ cos @= 1 for < 0 < 2n 3sin® @-sin @cos @-1 = 0 3sin® 8- sin 8 cos @— (sin? @ + cos’ 3sin? 8— sin 6 cos @- sin? @— cos? 2sin? @- sin cos @— cos? @=0 (2sin 8+ cos @(sin 6-cos 6) = 0 Either 2sin @=-cos 0 or 2tan O=—1 tan @=-5 a= -0.4636 = nx 0.4636 n=1=6=2.6780 n=2—6=581% «. Solutions are: Z, 2.6780, 5 and 5.8196. . Find solutions for each of the following. 1 cos*@-cos @=Owhere0.< O< 2x 2 ee sin @= cos 8 tan @=1 x eae 4 aly sls tan? @ + Stan @= O where 0° < 6 < 360° Fm oTOcOPMG OF MS FE ESTITED UNDER LA