Safety Cell Structure of a Large Industry

Figure show Organizational Chart for Large, Safety Conscious Industry

Various levels of responsibility are identified and described below:

Level 1

This is the corporate level and there should be a company director who will be
engaged in formulating safety policies at this level. These policies will be
continuously monitored and upgraded as required. The company director will have
to see that safety audits are made regularly. she must be readily available for
advising and guiding the safety personnel. The company director must appoint a
general manager safety at company level.

Level 2

This is at company level and the general manager, safety directly reports to the
corporate director. He has to continuously monitor safety policies of the company
and bring about necessary improvement in the light of directives issued from time
to time by the higher management and experiences gained from the field. She must

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also see that the directives and policies are in accordance with governmental
regulatory standards. She should provide guidance and assistance for training of
safety personnel at various levels and must conduct seminars / workshops on
Introduction to Safety Engineering and arrange internal and external industrial
Safety audits. He must see that safety records are properly maintained and data and
information regarding safety status of the company are available.
Level 3
This level works at plant level and would directly report to general manager
safety. There must be four plant safety managers, one each for fire safety,
environmental control, occupational health and professional service. Specific
conditions and size of plant may dictate combining two or three of these functions
under a single plant level manager but in all cases the functions should remain
separate and, identifiable. The main responsibilities at this level include :
(1) Development of procedures for implementing safety measures on equipment /
processes and outlining safe working practices for workmen in consultation with
the shop floor safety supervisors and taking into account their feedback on existing
systems.
(2) Readiness and preparedness to deal with emergency Situations
(3) Coordination and providing feedback to other managers in the areas of design,
manufacture, purchase, sale, research & development to have a comprehensive
safety policy in place.
(4) A plant manager will also have the full responsibility to investigate the injuries
to a workman on job site and report the matter to higher officials.
Level 4
This level comprises representatives of safety departments working at shop floor
level or with workmen. They are the first line of defense against any mishap in the
workplace and need to be on a strict vigil all the time. The personnel will actually
1. implementing the main responsibilities of such personnel include
Safety procedures,
2. Training workmen on procedures,
3. Guiding them in adopting the procedure.
4. They also monitor and analyze how workmen follow safety procedures and take
preventive action where necessary.
5. They provide all support for maintenance of environment and its preservation.
The Plant Safety manager has to put due importance to their feedback and
suggestions for continuous improvement on the safety aspect.
6. Most importantly the personnel at level 4 will conduct safety drills at regular
intervals.

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Life Cycle Phases of Safe Design
The life cycle phase of safe design is shown in Figure5.2

Figure of Life Cycle Phases of Safe Design

The benefits of life cycle phase in work place health and safety benefits and
Its benefit on project is given below:

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Essential design considerations

Whether your workplace is a factory with chemicals and heavy machinery, or an

office with desks and chairs, every environment involves risks and hazards. Your
design choices have the capacity to either remove risks completely, or dramatically
reduce the chances of them being realized, so it’s important to make them
carefully.
Here are some of the most important elements to consider when designing a
workspace optimized for health and safety:

1-Lighting
Proper lighting is essential for good visibility and preventing accidents or eye
strain. Employees should be able to see clearly to perform their work tasks safely
Beyond electric light fittings, you can use glass partitions instead of walls to allow
natural light to flow through your workspace. When it comes to employee mental
health, there’s a direct relationship between well-being and sunlight.

2-Ventilation

Good ventilation helps to remove pollutants and contaminants from the air, which
can improve respiratory health and reduce the risk of headaches, dizziness, and
fatigue. For those with a bigger budget, air purifiers can help prevent the spread of

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airborne diseases, neutralize chemical pollutants, and ease the symptoms of
asthma.

3-Noise levels

Excessive noise levels can lead to hearing loss, stress, and fatigue. Workplaces
should be designed to minimize noise levels as much as possible. If an area of your
workplace is especially noisy, consider soundproofing it for the benefit of workers
in other parts of the building.

4-Temperature and humidity

The temperature and humidity of the workplace should be comfortable for

employees. Extreme temperatures can lead to heat stress or cold stress, which can
increase the risk of accidents and injuries.

5-Slips trips and falls

Using cable covers for all electrical equipment, including PCs and laptops, can
reduce the likelihood of slips and trips, as can using anti-slip flooring in high-
traffic areas like entrances, hallways and stairwells.

6-Safe layouts

Spatially, your workplace should be laid out in a way that minimizes the risk of
accidents and injuries. For example, aisles should be wide enough for employees to
walk in safely without overcrowding.

7- Ergonomics

The design of furniture and equipment should be ergonomic, which means that it is
designed to fit the human body. This can help to prevent musculoskeletal injuries,
such as back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome.

8-Modular furniture

Using modular furniture, like stackable chairs, enables you to quickly customize
your environment while still maintaining a safe layout.

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9-Fire safety

Your workplace should be designed to minimize the risk of fire and to provide a
safe escape route in case of a fire. Ensure signage clearly indicates fire exit routes
and place fire extinguishers in high-risk areas (plant rooms, kitchens and IT
suites).

10-Clear signage

Having the right signage can alert people to the dangers around them. Your
workplace’s hazards will determine the signs you need, may be giving warning
about heavy machinery or hazardous substances. Signage can also prompt staff to
wear protective clothing or ward them off dangerous activities.

11-Bathroom sanitation

A combination of motion activated taps; infrared toilet flushing, contactless towel

dispensers and air hand dryers can help reduce the spread of bacteria. Workplace
bathrooms tend to be a health and safety hotspot, so be sure to design yours with
proper care and attention.

12-Security

Finally, your workplace should be designed to be secure, with access restricted to

authorized personnel. This can help to prevent theft, vandalism, and other crimes.

Safety and Security Features Into With Facility Design

You need to consider how to incorporate safety and security features into your
facility design from the planning stage to the commissioning stage.

1- Identify the risks

The first step in incorporating safety and security features into your facility design
is to identify the potential risks that your facility may face. These risks can include
natural disasters, accidents, fires, explosions, sabotage, theft. You need to conduct
a thorough risk assessment that evaluates the likelihood and impact of each risk,
and identifies the sources, targets, and consequences of each risk. You also need to
comply with the relevant codes, standards, and regulations that apply to your
industry and location.

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2- Choose the appropriate features

The second step in incorporating safety and security features into your facility
design is to choose the appropriate features that can mitigate or prevent the risks
that you have identified. These features can include structural, mechanical,
electrical, fire protection, communication, access control, alarm, or emergency
response systems. You need to select the features that are suitable for your
facility's size, layout, function, and budget. You also need to balance the trade-offs
between safety and security, and between functionality and aesthetics.

3- Integrate the features into the design

The third step in incorporating safety and security features into your facility design
is to integrate the features into the design with effective way. You need to
coordinate the features with the other aspects of the design, such as the
architecture, engineering, landscaping, lighting, signage, or furniture. You need to
ensure that the features are compatible, consistent, and complementary with each
other, and that they do not interfere with the operation, maintenance, or usability of
the facility. You also need to test and validate the features before and after
installation.

4- Train and educate the users

The fourth step in incorporating safety and security features into your facility
design is to train and educate the users of the facility on how to use and maintain
the features. You need to provide clear and comprehensive instructions, manuals,
policies, and procedures for the users, such as the staff, contractors, visitors, or
customers. You need to conduct regular training sessions, drills, audits, or
inspections to ensure that the users are familiar and compliant with the features.
You also need to update and improve the features as needed, based on the feedback
and performance of the users.

5- Monitor and evaluate the features.

The fifth step in incorporating safety and security features into your facility design
is to monitor and evaluate the features on an ongoing basis. You need to collect
and analyze data on the performance, effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of
the features. You need to identify and address any issues, gaps, or weaknesses that

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may arise in the features. You also need to review and revise the features as
necessary, based on the changing needs, conditions, or regulations of your facility.

6- Seek expert advice.

The sixth and final step in incorporating safety and security features into your
facility design is to seek expert advice from professionals who have experience and
expertise in this field. You need to consult with experts who can help you with the
planning, designing, installing, testing, training, monitoring, or evaluating of the
features. You also need to collaborate with experts who can provide you with the
latest trends, technologies, or best practices in safety and security for your facility.

Industrial safety symbol

Symbol is a picture, written word, sound or mark that represents a message. It is

important to know the different types of symbols used in a workplace so that they
can be followed. There are two types of symbols—safety symbols and navigation
symbols. Safety symbols are those which are used for warning and the protection
to be taken. Navigation symbols are used to show the direction or placement of a
certain object or department. Some of the commonly used symbols are shown in
Figure below.
1- Red safety signs signify prohibition or a fire safety hazard.
2- Blue signs denote mandatory actions or instructions.
3- Yellow signs represent warnings or cautions.
4- Green signs indicate safe conditions or first aid information.

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