Ministry of Education

Test Blueprint for National Exit Examination to be

held in 2015 E.C

Band: 5

Program: Bachelor of Arts Degree in Public Administration and

Development Management (Public Administration)

Compiled By: ChallaAmdissa (PhD), (AAU), 0911753919,

challaamdissa9@gmail.com

Emebet Abebe (UoG), 0920343545, emuti2130@gmail.com

Aman Gutema (HU), 0912274841, amangutema@gmail.com

Tatasha Takaye, (WSU), 0966967719, tabaletamisa@gmail.com

January 2023
Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
 Table of Contents

Contents
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1
2. The objective of the test blueprint ....................................................................................................... 2
3. Expected Profiles of the Graduates ...................................................................................................... 2
4. Objectives of the Program .................................................................................................................... 3
5. Themes and list of courses with credit hours ....................................................................................... 4
6. Share of the Themes/Courses/Items in Percentage ............................................................................. 7
7. Learning outcomes in terms of the three domains (Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor) ............ 17
8. Test blueprint Table (Table of Specification) ...................................................................................... 19
9. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 38

i
 1. Introduction
The Ministry of Education of Ethiopia has announced the implementation of exit exam for all
undergraduate program students (public and private), beginning with the 2022/2023 academic
year, in order to improve the quality of graduates produced by higher learning institutions. The
exit exam aimed at checking whether students have acquired the required knowledge, skills and
attitudes or not. The implementation of exit exam requires determining competency areas for
Public Administration and Development Management, which is already completed. Based on the
competency areas prepared, it needs to plan the construction of tests.
Planning of a test is a first and vital step in the construction of an achievement test. An
achievement test demands very systematic and careful planning, as a fact that good planning is a
symbol of success. Tests are the tools that provide scores that measure level of student learning
and study program learning outcomes. In order to achieve the valid and reliable measurement of
student learning and program learning outcomes, the development of valid and reliable test is the
mandatory. Test should be able to measure student performance in all dimensions of knowledge,
skill and attitude. The carefully planned test construction contributes to improve the overall
quality of the test in terms of test content validity, difficulty level, discrimination power and test
reliability. Test preparation is not an easy task; it requires a careful planning and guideline to
make the task simple. Test construction needs the preparation of test blue print. Test blueprint is
defined as a complete plan that explains how to develop a test. The term refers to a map or
specification of assessment to ensure that all aspects of the curriculum and educational domains
are covered by the assessment programs over a specified period of time. It helps curriculum
developers/test constructors to match various competencies with the course content and the
appropriate modality of assessment.

Generally, test blueprint will help to ensure tests: 1) Appropriately assess the achievement of
instructional objectives of the course; 2) Appropriately reflect key course goals, objectives and
the material learned or covered during the instruction period; and 3) Include the appropriate item
formats along with the knowledge and skills being assessed.

1
Keeping this in mind, the team of professional from Public Administration and Development
management has prepared this test blueprint document in order to help the test developers or
content specialists in their process of valid and reliable test construction. The major points
considered in the process of preparing this test blue print guideline were the core competencies
that have been already identified for the themes of courses, the course contents, course credit
hours, and the learning outcomes with their corresponding levels of achievement by learning
domains. In line with these, the number of test items that should adequately assess the
performance of students in all the content topics is determined through discussion by the content
specialists fro Waliata Sod University, Gonder University Haramay University and Addis Ababa
University, who construct the blueprint and test for their corresponding study program.

Therefore, the main purpose of this blueprint is to give direction on how to develop an ext exam
for Public Administration specialists.

2. The objective of the test blueprint

Test blueprint preparation is generally opted to assist the preparation of a test that is
representative, broadly sampled, and consisting of complete knowledge domain expected of
the Ethiopian higher education students on completion of their study program. The specific
objectives of test blueprint are to:
• To develop representative and balanced test items for the selected courses in accordance
with the competencies identified
• To guide test developers to set the test items
• Facilitate the construction of a representative and balanced test items for the selected
courses in accordance with the competencies identified.
• Guide test developers or writers to write or set appropriate test items.

3. Expected Profiles of the Graduates

Upon completion of the Bachelor of Arts Degree in Public Administration and Development
Management, graduates shall be expected to possess the following professional and technical
competencies:

2
Knowledge:

 Understand the theoretical concepts of public administration and identify the fundamental
components of development and development administration
 Understand the contemporary issues and approaches and techniques of public sector
management,
 Understand the various theories and approaches in analysing development policy issues
 Understand techniques related to project identification, appraisal, selection, monitoring
and evaluation;
 Understand the fundamental roles of public finance and economic role of government

Skill:

 Effectively participate in resolving conflict, negotiating, coaching, guiding and building

consensus among different actors;
 Demonstrate critical reasoning, problem-solving abilities, communications skills and
ethical considerations relating to public responsibility
 The ability to prepare a public budget and administer its execution
 Engage actively in policy formulation, analysis, implementation and evaluation in the
public and voluntary organizations;
 Promote efficient and effective management of human resources
 Manage the financial resource of Public sectors
 Assessing the environments, develop strategic visions and plans for an organization

Attitude:

 Able to feel like public servant

 Being committed and able to cop up with dynamic administrative environment
 Believe in public administration ethicises
 Being with the principle Good governance
 Able to understand, motivate and inspire employees and community at large

4. Objectives of the Program

The general objective of the program is to produce qualified and competent professionals in
Public Administration and Development Management. Using a solid multidisciplinary training
and a practical vocation, this program develops the knowledge, skills, attitudes and practical
experiences of students required to assume administrative positions as well as research and
consultancy projects in government, non-governmental agencies and academic institutions and,
to some extent in business organizations.

In view of the above general objective, the following are the specific objectives of the program:

3
  To acquaint students with solid understanding of the essence of public administration,
management and administrative theories, organizational behavior, public personnel
management and labor relations, policy analysis and implementation, strategic
management, public financial management, project formulation, monitoring and
evaluation and other administrative and development issues to enable them to effectively
apply and utilize these theories and concepts in public and nonprofit organizations;
 To develop the analytical skills of students in describing, relating, identifying
relationships, analyzing and interpreting how public administration deliver public
services;
 To equip students with the required knowledge, skills and attitudinal/behavioral
competencies to enable them to act ethically in the administration of public sector
organizations;
 To develop conceptual and analytical skills of students in policy analysis and
implementation, program/project formulation, public finance and budgeting, monitoring
and evaluation;
 To prepare students for mid-level professional career that involves managing and
administering human, material, financial and information resources of organizations at
various levels of governments and non-governmental organizations, parastatals and other
agencies;
 To equip students to develop structures that would respond to managerial, political, legal,
and ethical concerns;
 To develop the knowledge and skills of students in decision making, administrative
communication, leadership, change management and conflict resolution to enable them
run public organizations effectively and efficiently; and
 To prepare students for graduate and professional studies in public administration and
other related programmes.

5. Themes and list of courses with credit hours

According to the graduate profile of the program, identified competencies are designed and
assessed by exit examination to be provided for the Bachelor of Arts Degree in public
administration and development management. The competencies are developed in such a way
that the exit exam assessment ensure whether the graduate of PADM students possess the desired
knowledge, skills and attitude.

Accordingly, courses that are offered to students’ of public administration and development
management throughout their stay at university are identified under four major thematic areas

4
 based on the required learning outcomes and competencies. The identification of major themes

Thematic Areas Share of

each
Course Thematic
Courses to be included Course code
Credit Area

was done by considering the desired core competencies in which graduates are expected to
achieve. The major thematic areas categorized for the purpose of assessing graduates
competencies and learning outcomes are listed below:

A. Fundamentals of Public Administration and Development Management

B. Administrative policy formulation and legal framework
C. Public service operations administration
D. Behavioral management skill
The content of the exams are determined based on the competencies and learning outcomes that
graduates are expected to achieve. The list of major courses to be included in the exit exam under
each thematic area

5
1.Fundamentals 1. Introduction to Public Administration PADM 2011 3
of Public 2. Introduction to Development Management PADM 2054 3
Administration 3. Project Planning and Management PADM 3133 3 30%
and Development 4. Theories and Politics of Development PADM 2054 3
Management
Total 12
2. Administrative 5. Ethics in Public Administration PADM 2055 2
Policy 6. Public Financial Administration and
Formulation and PADM 4074 3 20%
Budgeting
Legal Framework
7. Public Policy Analysis and Implementation PADM 4131 3
Total 8
3. Public service 8. Public Service Delivery and E-Governance PADM 3084 2
Operations and 9. Human Resource Management PADM 4101 3
Administration
10. Governance and Management of NGOs PADM 4124 3
11. Governance and Management of Public PADM 4123 3 42%
Enterprises

12. Strategic Planning and Management PADM 4132 3

13. Urban Governance and Administration PADM3083 3
Total 17
14. Organization Theory and Behavior PADM 3111 3
4.Behavioral
Management Skill Total 3 8%

Total credit hours 40 100%

6
 6. Share of the Themes/Courses/Items in Percentage
Table 2: calculation of the share of themes, courses, and items from a course from a total of 100 test items
Themes Share Course Name Cred Weight of Number of Cognitive
of it course or test items

Psychomotor
theme hour proportion from each

Understand
Remember
course

outcomes

Affective
Learning

Evaluate
Analyze

Create
Apply

Total
Theme One Introduction to  Highlight major historical  3/12
3 = 0.25 0.25*30 = 8 - 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 8
Public
Administration developments in the theory 3
Fundamentals of Public 30%
and practice of public
Administration and
administration;
Development
Management
 Describe the meaning,
nature, and scope
Share = 30 items from (dimensions) of the
the total subject;
 Explain the essences of
different theories,
concepts, and approaches
(thoughts) and
 Identify the fundamental
principles, processes,
functions and areas or
components of public
administration.
Introduction to  To highlight major  3/12
3 = 0.25 0.25*30 = 8 - 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 8
Development
Management paradigm changes,
concerns and approaches
in the theories and
practices of the discipline,
particularly in the context
of development and

7
 development
administration.
 To describe the meanings
and explain the essence of
the different theories
concepts, arguments and
approaches (thoughts /
views).
 To identify the
fundamental components
of development and
development
administration and discuss
the theoretical
development and
development
administration and discuss
the theoretical and
practical problems from
different dimensions.
 Understand the project,  3/12
3 = 0.25 0.25*30 = 7 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
project planning and
management concepts,
tools, and techniques;
 Understand the project
management life cycle and
have knowledge of the
Project Planning and various phases of project
Management planning and management
from project initiation to
completion;
 Develop a detailed project
plan that includes:
Defining project scope and
tasks, estimating resource
requirements, assessing

8
 project risk and response
strategies, communication
plan
Theories and Politics  Describe the basic  3/12
3 = 0.25 0.25*30 = 7 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 1 7
of Development
concepts of development.
 Discuss different theories
concerned with
development.
 Explain the roles of
different actors associated
with the process of
development.
 Discuss the emerging
issues concerned with
development including
population growth, trade,
and foreign aid.
 Describe the development
strategies adopted by the
developing countries
 Analyze the challenges
faced by Ethiopia in
achieving development
objectives.
 Theme one total credit  1
2
Theme Two  Demonstrate critical  2 = 0.25
2/8 0.25*49 = 5 1 1 - 1 - - 2 - 5
reasoning, problem solving
Administrative Policy 20%
abilities, communications
Formulation and Legal skills and ethical
Framework Ethics in Public considerations relating to
Administration public responsibility.
Share = 20 items from
 Identify ethical dimensions
the total of a social, political,
economic and cultural
problems, and ethical

9
 reflections associated with
different solution sets;
 Acquire substantive
knowledge and
understanding of the
theories of ethics,
compromise, and integrity
and their importance to the
field of public
administration.
 Apply ethical criteria for
making decisions and
analyzing ethical dilemmas
within public
administration;
 Understand concepts  3/8
3 = 0.375 0.375*20 = 7 1 1 - 1 2 - 1 1 7
associated with public
budget and control,
 Demonstrate the ability to
analyze a public budget,
Public Financial  Define the meaning and
Administration purpose of public budget,
and Budgeting  Explain the different
classification of budget,
 State the structure of
public budget,
 Identify the qualities of
public budget.
 Comprehend the concept  3/8
3 = 0.375 0.375*20 = 8 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 - 8
of public policy;
 Understand and examine
Public Policy
the role of policy makers
Analysis and
Implementation and other political actors in
shaping and influencing
policy issues;
 Provide an overview and

10
 understanding of
contemporary theories and
models of policy making
and how the policy process
operates;
 Develop an understanding
of the role of research-
based knowledge to public
policy making; and
 Distinguish the forms and
content of public policy
implementation and
evaluation.
 Theme two total credit  8
Theme Three  Understand the rationale  2/17
2 = 0.12 0.12*42.5 = 5 - 1 2 - - - 1 1 5
for service transformation;
42%
Public service  Have developed your own
Operations and framework for assessing
Administration service shortfalls,
designing solutions and
Share = 42 items from delivering them;
the total  Be familiar with the wide
variety of techniques and
Public Service alternative service delivery
Delivery and E- mechanisms being used to
Governance reform service;
 Understand how to work
through the challenges
associated with developing
and maintaining service
 Evaluate the advantages
and disadvantages of
public service delivery
reform
 Provide clear and

11
 persuasive written and oral
advice to public policy
clients on various aspects
of public sector service
provision
Human Resource  At the end of this course,  3/17
3 = 0.18 0.18*42.5 = 8 1 3 1 1 - - 1 1 8
Management students will be able to:
get acquainted with
theories, concepts and
principles of human
resource management that
enable to undertake all the
processes in managing the
human resources of
organization.
 Identify unique  3/17
3 = 0.18 0.18*42.5 = 7 1 2 - - 1 1 1 1 7
characteristics of NGOs
 Explain types and
functions of NGOs
 Explain stakeholder theory
 Explain the law of
Governance and
Management of
unintended consequences
NGOs  Identify approaches of
solving community
problems
 Identify various
fundraising approaches
 Explain the NGO related
situations in Ethiopia
Governance and  Critically compare and  3/17
3 = 0.18 0.18*42.5 = 7 1 2 - - 1 1 1 1 7
Management of analyze the
Public multidimensional roles and
Enterprises
objectives of public
enterprises under different
socio-political and
economic settings,

12
  Appreciate the level of
skill and proficiency
required to manage public
enterprises and evaluate
themselves whether they
are capable of facing the
complex and challenging
tasks of managing the
entities,
 Find out the various
factors determining the
success or failure of public
enterprises and visualize
their roles as future
managers,
 Identify the various
organizational,
management and
ownership forms of public
enterprises and their scope
of operations,
 Undertake researches on
the problems, prospects
and institutional
arrangements of public
enterprises in Ethiopia and
make relevant policy
recommendations
 Understand basic concepts  3/17
3 = 0.18 0.18*42.5 = 7 1 2 2 - 1 1 7
of strategy, change,
strategic leadership and
Strategic
strategic decisions;
Planning and
Management  Identify the best methods
of strategic planning and
managing change;
 Explain the differences

13
 between strategic and non-
strategic decisions, and
between functional,
business-level, and
corporate-level strategy;
 Distinguish between
different modes of
strategy-making and
identify which modes are
prevalent in a particular
organization;
 Inculcate with basic
principles of corporate
governance;
 Familiarize with each steps
of strategic management
process;
 Understand the importance
of change, how to make
change and roles played in
change process;
 Enhance practical skills to
examine external and
internal forces of change
and analyze how to
develop and implement a
change strategy;
 Explore the dynamics of
organizational change and
how they can be harnessed
for success.
 Develop awareness of  3/17
3 = 0.18 0.18*42.5 = 8 1 3 1 1 - - 1 1 8
Urban concepts, origins and
Governance and development of urban
Administration centers and issues of
urbanization and urban

14
 management.
 Identify Historical
Perspective and Pattern of
Urbanization
 Appreciate urban sector
policies and development
of urban institutions, laws,
rules and regulations
 Examine interagency co-
ordination with particular
reference to the urban local
bodies
 Analyze the typology of
urban governance and their
applications
 Address the critical issues
of municipal management
in developing countries.
 Discuss contemporary
problems facing cities of
the third world.
 Understand the
administrative, physical,
social, economic,
demographic, political and
environmental
implications of
urbanization.
 Review the situations of
urbanization and urban
management in Ethiopia
 Theme three total credit  1
7
Theme four Organization  Define the most important  3/3
3 =1 1*7.5 = 8 1 2 1 1 - - 2 1 8
Theory and aspects and principles of
organizations

15
Behavioral 8% Behavior  Describe the key
Management Skill behavioral aspects of
organizations
Share = 8 items from  Explain the dimensions of
the total organization structure and
elements of organization
design
 Analyze leadership
processes and styles
 Discuss the concepts of
motivation
 Explain the role of
communication in
organizations
 Identify the sources of
conflict in organizations
 Describe the different
approaches (schools of
thought) to management
Theme four total 3

Total for the program 100% 40 10 26 10 12 11 4 15 12 100

Note: The number of items assigned in the levels of domains is based on the nature of learning outcomes/objectives.

16
 7. Learning outcomes in terms of the three domains (Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor)

Domains Learning Outcomes

Cognitive  Have detailed knowledge of public Administration and management theories and
doctrines their application in administrative practices
 A solid understanding of public management and detailed techniques and tools
used in the management of public and non-public sector organizations.
 Have detailed knowledge about theories of the policy and of the role of institutional
conditions in shaping the trajectory of the policy process
 Understand the formulation and implementation of strategies for development
programs and projects
 Have a solid knowledge about budgeting, its allocation and utilization to achieve
the desired targets.
 Explain and interpret concepts in these subject areas
 Understand theoretical models and their relevance in different organizational
structures and institutional contexts
 Identify how far techniques, conventions and practice differ across public sector
domains and institutional contexts, and to show why
 Appraise and assess empirical analyses and evidence
 Critically analysis and Interpret development policies in institutional contexts
Affective  Able to feel like public servant
 Being committed and able to cop up with dynamic administrative
environment
 Believe in public administration ethicises
 Being with the principle good governance
 Able to understand, motivate and inspire employees and community at
large

Psychomotor  Construct and apply administration/management models, systems, and techniques

 Interpret policy statements and programmatic documents that inform the conduct of
public sector organizations
 Recognize and apply macroeconomic variables; economic problems and
macroeconomic policies
 Manage the financial resource of an organization by applying the techniques in
public sector budgeting, financial planning, analyzing financial statement.
 Actively Participate in labor market to fill industry gap
 Think from first principles to conceptualize and analyze administrative issues and
public management problems
 Constructing arguments about policy initiatives and managerial interventions
firmly supported by sound rationales
 Estimate the extent to which the skills learned can be transferred between

17
18
 8. Test blueprint Table (Table of Specification)
Themes Course Name C Share General Chapter Specific Cognitive

Psychomotor
r. of objective
theme

Affective
Understa
Rememb

Evaluate
Analyze
H

Create
Apply

Total
r

nd
er
Theme One Introduction to 3 To familiarize Chapter 1: Nature of Highlight major 1 1
Public
Administration students in the Public Administration historical
Fundamentals of Public 30%
discipline of developments in
Administration and
public the theory and
Development Management
administration practice of
and introduce public
various administration
concepts,
growth and Chapter 2: Evolution Describe the 1 1 2
related of Public meaning,
challenges in nature, and
Administration:
the different scope
Administrative (dimensions) of
societies from
Thoughts and the subject
different parts
of the world. Approaches

Chapter 3: Functions Explain the 1 1

of Public essences of
different
Administration
theories,
concepts, and
approaches
(thoughts)

Chapter 4: Major Identify the 1 1 2

Areas of Public fundamental
principles,
Administration
processes,

19
 functions and
areas or
components of
public
administration

Chapter 5: To analyze and 1 1 2

Comparative Public understand the
mechanisms and
Administration
modus operandi
we are facing in
this modern
world.

Introduction to 3 To highlight Chapter 1: Trends in To describe the - 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 8

Development
Management major Public Administration meanings and
paradigm explain the
Today
changes, essence of the
concerns and different
approaches in theories
the theories concepts,
and practices arguments and
of the approaches
discipline, (thoughts /
particularly in views).
the context of
development Chapter 2: Features To identify the
and of New Public fundamental
development components of
Administration
administration development
and
Chapter 3:
development
Development and

20
 Development administration
Concepts and discuss the
theoretical
Chapter 4: development
and
Development
development
Administration:
administration
concepts and and discuss the
practices theoretical and
practical
problems from
different
dimensions

3 To provide a Chapter 1: Understand the - 1 1 2

systematic and Introduction to project, project
introduction to Project, its planning planning and
all aspects of and management management
project concepts, tools,
planning and and techniques
management.
Chapter 2: Project Develop a 1 1 2
cycle detailed project
plan that
Project Planning includes:
and Management Chapter 3: Project 1 1 2
identification Defining project
scope and tasks,
Chapter 4: Project estimating 1 1
Preparation resource
requirements,
assessing
project risk and
response
strategies,
communication

21
 plan

Theories and 3 To describe Unit One: Describe the 1 1 1

Politics of
Development the Development: An basic concepts
development of
Introduction
strategies development
adopted by the
developing Unit Two: Discuss 1 1
countries different
Development
theories
Paradigms and
concerned with
Theories development

Unit Three: Explain the 1 1

Development roles of
different actors
Paradigm-II:
associated with
Development from the process of
Below (bottom-up) development

Unit Four: Actors in Discuss the 1 1

Development emerging
issues
Unit Five: Issues in concerned 1 1 2
with
Development with
development
developing countries’ including
perspectives population
growth, trade,
and foreign
aid.

1 1

22
 Theme one 1
total credit 2

Theme Two 2 Introduces the Chapter One: Demonstrate 1 1

concepts of Introduction to Ethics critical
Administrative Policy 20%
ethics and reasoning,
Formulation and Legal morals; problem solving
Framework integrity; abilities,
compromise; communications
ethical skills and
citizenship and ethical
civic virtue. considerations
relating to
public
responsibility.

Chapter two: Identify ethical 1 1

Philosophical dimensions of a
Ethics in social, political,
Public Perspectives in
economic and
Administration Administrative Ethics cultural
problems, and
ethical
reflections
associated with
different
solution sets

Chapter three: Acquire 1 1 2

Contexts of substantive
knowledge and
Administrative Ethics
understanding
of the theories
of ethics,
compromise,

23
 and integrity
and their
importance to
the field of
public
administration.

Chapter Four: Ethics Apply ethical 1

and Administration criteria for
making
decisions and
analyzing
ethical
dilemmas
within public
administration

3 To develop an Chapter one: Understand 1 1

understanding Overview of Public concepts
of public
Budget associated
budgeting and
control. with public
budget and
control
Public
Financial Chapter two: Budget Demonstrate the 1 1
Administration Classification and ability to
and Budgeting analyze a public
Reform
budget,

Chapter three: The Define the 1 1

Budget Cycle meaning and
purpose of

24
 public budget

Chapter four: Budget Explain the 1 1

Structures and different
classification of
Practices
budget

Chapter five: State the 1 1

Government structure of
public budget
Accounting and
Financial Reporting

Chapter six: Identify the 1 1 2

Preparation of qualities of
public budget
Operating Budgets

3 To understand Chapter 1: Comprehend the 1 1

public policy Introduction to concept of
process, the public policy
Public Policy
institutional
and non-
CHAPTER 2: ORIGINS, Understand and 1 1
institutional examine the role
DEVELOPMENT AND
actors, the of policy
policy SOURCES OF PUBLIC
Public Policy makers and
Analysis and analysis, POLICY other political
Implementatio implementatio actors in
n n and shaping and
evaluation. influencing
policy issues

Chapter 3: Policy Provide an 1 1

Cycles and Stages overview and
understanding
of contemporary

25
 theories and
models of
policy making
and how the
policy process
operates

Chapter 4: Develop an 1 1
Conceptual understanding
of the role of
Approaches and
research-based
Models of Public knowledge to
Policy public policy
making

Chapter 5: The Distinguish the 1 1

Process of Policy forms and
content of
Analysis and Policy
public policy
Inquiry implementation
and evaluation.
Chapter 6: Public 1 1
Policy
Implementation

Chapter 7: Policy 1 1 2
Impact and
Evaluation

Theme two 8
total credit

Theme Three 2 To deliver a Chapter one: Understand the - 1 1

Public Service
range of Meaning and rationale for
Delivery and 42%
Public service E-Governance learning characteristics of service
services vs. products

26
Operations and experiences Rationale of studying transformation
Administration that students of services
develop their Chapter two: Service Evaluate the 1 1
knowledge, quality dimensions advantages and
understanding disadvantages
and applied of public service
skills in the delivery reform
delivery of
public Chapter three: Provide clear 1 1
services. Developing and persuasive
Customer-Oriented written and oral
Service Culture advice to public
policy clients on
various aspects
of public sector
service
provision

Chapter four: E- Be familiar with 1 1 2

governance the wide variety
of techniques
and alternative
service delivery
mechanisms
being used to
reform service

Human 3 Chapter one: Describe the 1 1

Resource Human Resource meaning,
Management functions and
Management: An
Overview unique nature of
human resource
management

Chapter two: Job Identify and 1 1

Analysis and describe the

27
 Organizational technical areas
design of human
resource
management

Chapter three: Conduct human 1 1

Employee resource
Resourcing management
Chapter four: functions 1 1
Training and
Development
Chapter five: 1 1
Performance
appraisal
Chapter six: Wage 1 1
and Salary
Administration
Chapter seven: 1 1 2
Employee safety,
health and labor
relations
management
3 To solve Chapter 1: Overview Identify unique 1 1
community of Nongovernmental characteristics
problems, how Organizations of NGOs
such
organizations Chapter 2: Explain types 1 1 2
Governance Nongovernmental and functions of
and can be more
effective by Organization NGOs
Management
of NGOs using services Theories
of various
Chapter 3: Functions Explain 1 1
stakeholders
of Nongovernmental stakeholder
i.e. building
Organizations theory
capacity of

28
 NGOs, raising Chapter4: NGO Explain the law 1 1
fund to enable Approach to Solving of unintended
the Community Problems consequences
organizations
obtain the Chapter 5: Building Identify 1 1 2
resources Capacity of approaches of
required to Nongovernmental solving
achieve their Organizations community
objectives and problems
so on.

Governance 3 Familiarize the Chapter One: Critically 1 1

and various issues compare and
Introduction
Management involved in the analyze the
of Public
management multidimension
Enterprises
of public al roles and
enterprises objectives of
such as the public
meaning, enterprises
rationales, under different
objectives, socio-political
dimensions, and economic
performance settings
yardsticks,
organizational Chapter Two: Appreciate the 1 1
arrangements Meaning, level of skill
and inter- and proficiency
Characteristics and
linkages, required to
Rationales manage public
management
forms, enterprises and
corporate evaluate
autonomies themselves
and public whether they are
accountabilitie capable of
facing the

29
s, both from complex and
the challenging
theoretical/con tasks of
ceptual and managing the
pragmatic entities
perspectives.
Chapter Three: Find out the 1 1
Organization and various factors
determining the
Management Forms
success or
failure of public
enterprises and
visualize their
roles as future
managers

Chapter Four: The Identify the 1 1

Interface of various
organizational,
Government and
management
Public Enterprises and ownership
forms of public
enterprises and
their scope of
operation

Chapter Five: The Undertake 1 1

Structures and Roles researches on
the problems,
of Boards
prospects and
institutional
Chapter Six: 1 1
arrangements of
Comparisons of
public
Public and Private enterprises in
Enterprises Ethiopia and

30
 Chapter Seven: make relevant 1 1
Issues in the policy
recommendatio
Performances of
n
Public Enterprises

3 To understand Chapter One: The Understand 1 1

the challenges Basics of Strategic basic concepts
and the Management of strategy,
environment in change,
which it strategic
operates, the leadership and
direction the strategic
management decisions
intends to
head, the Chapter Two: Identify the best 1 1
strategic plans Setting Strategic methods of
to for getting Direction strategic
the planning and
organization managing
Strategic change
Planning and moving in the
Management intended
direction and Chapter Three: Explain the 1 1
the tasks of Formulation of differences
Strategies between
implementing
strategic and
the chosen
non-strategic
strategy
decisions, and
successfully.
between
functional,
business-level,
and corporate-
level strategy

Chapter Four: Distinguish

External and between

31
 Internal different modes
Environmental of strategy-
Analysis making and
identify which
Chapter Five: modes are 1 1 2
Strategic prevalent in a
Implementation particular
organization
Chapter Six: 1 1 2
Strategic
Evaluation
3 Introduces the Chapter One: Develop 1 1
principles of Introduction awareness of
urban concepts,
governance origins and
and development of
administration urban centers
and examines and issues of
the political, urbanization
social, and and urban
economic management.
Urban
environment in
Governance
which Chapter Two: Causes Identify 1 1 2
and
Administration decisions and Consequences of Historical
pertaining to Urbanization Perspective and
urban centers Pattern of
occur. Urbanization

Chapter Three: Urban Appreciate 1 1 2

Management and urban sector
Governance policies and
development of
urban
institutions,

32
 laws, rules and
regulations

Chapter Four: Urban Examine 1 1

Functions and interagency co-
Finance ordination with
particular
reference to the
urban local
bodies

Chapter Five: Urban Analye the 1 1 2

Governance in typology of
Ethiopia and in urban
selected LDC’s governance and
their
Theme three 1 applications
total credit 7

Theme four Organization 3 8% To boost Chapter 1: Define the most

Theory and knowledge of Introduction to important
Behavioral Behavior behavior in aspects and
Organizational
Management Skill organizational principles of
settings by
Behavior organizations
systematically
studying Chapter 2: The Describe the 1 1
individual, Organization key behavioral
group and aspects of
organizational organizations
process, and
then it applies Chapter 3: Explain the 1 1
Organization dimensions of
that
organization
knowledge to Structure and Design
structure and
make
elements of
organizations
organization

33
 work more design
effectively.
Chapter 4: Analyze 1 1 2
Motivation and leadership
processes and
Organizational
styles
Communication

Chapter 5: Decision Discuss the 1 1

Making concepts of
motivation

Chapter 6: Individuals Explain the role 1 1

and Groups of
communication
in organizations

Chapter 7: Conflict Identify the 1 1

and Conflict sources of
conflict in
Management
organizations

Chapter 8: Describe the 1 1

Organization different
approaches
Development and
(schools of
Change thought) to
management

Theme four 3
total

Total for the program 4 100%

0

34
 Ministry of Education
Higher Education Sub-sector
Share of Competencies (KSA) per Courses
Program Name:- Public Administration and Development Management (Public Administration)

Table 3: Summarized test blueprint

Cr Share of Share of Competencies (in %)

R.No. Themes Course Name Remark
Hours Courses (%) Knowledge Skill Attitude

1 Fundamentals Introduction to Public 3 8% 6 1 1

of Public Administration
Administration Introduction to 3 8% 6 1 1
and Development
Development Management
Management
Project Planning and 7% 5 1 1
Management 3

Theories and Politics 3 7% 5 1 1

of Development

Total 12 30% 22% 4% 4%

2 Administrative Ethics in Public 5% 3 2 -

Policy 2
Administration
Formulation
Public Financial 7% 5 1 1
and Legal 3
Administration and

35
 Framework Budgeting

Public Policy Analysis 8% 7 1 -

and Implementation 3

Total 8 20% 15% 4% 1%

3 Public service Public Service 5% 3 1 1

Operations Delivery and E- 2
and
Governance
Administration
Human Resource 3 8% 6 1 1
Management

Governance and 7% 5 1 1
Management of NGOs 3

Governance and 3 7% 5 1 1
Management of Public
Enterprises

Strategic Planning and 7% 6 1

Management 3

Urban Governance 8% 6 1 1
and Administration 3

Total 17 42% 31% 5% 6%

4 Behavioral Organization Theory 3 8% 5 2 1

and Behavior
Management

36
Skill
Total 3 8% 5% 2% 1%

Total (Aggregate) 40 100% 73% 15% 12%

37
 9. Conclusion

This Guideline is compiled to give a direction on focus area for Exit Exam in Public
Administration and Development Management discipline for all Higher education institution of
Ethiopia in which the program is active currently.

Ensuring quality and relevant education in Higher Education institution has become increasingly
challenging issue. Educational achievement is still consider a major determinant attribute of
individual success in labor market and for overall economic growth, one way to improve student
learning in a way it links with labor market and economic growth is the introduction of exit exam
throughout higher education. Exit exams loom large in most educational system across the
world. They play a significant role in many countries, providing the basis for certifying a student
as having completed a formal course of studies in an educational system for employment.it is a
practical important consideration in countries with low employment opportunity.

Implementing Exit exams can be vital to the improvement of academic programs quality and
effectiveness. These benefits can help to improve the quality of Public Administration programs
across colleges and universities. Moreover, is creates a good area for cooperation between
academic departments since they can compare results and work jointly to improve the quality of
higher education as a whole. Coaching or preparing students for the test is a problem and which
should be adressed. It is worthy to add that in any program development cycle, evaluation is
ongoing and one should not wait for the completion of the program or the course to introduce
changes. Providing students with beneficial testing practice, many school and state leaders assert
that exit exams are being instated in order to hold all students equally accountable for the
information that they were required to learn throughout their course and career.

Finally, all Higher Education Institution that running Public Administration and Development
Management Program has to give due attention to prepare their students as per Identified Exit
exam focus area in Public Administration and Development Management and prepare
themselves to implement exit exams as major criteria to certify their degree so that they will get
employment.

38
39