Bai9 PHAN UNG HALOGEN HOA Dieu ché ethyl bromid Mye tiéu hge tap 1. Trinh bay diege nguyén tae diéu ché ethyl bromid. Viét duge phwcong trink phan img chinh va cée phan tmg phu. Trinh bay duge cdch logi san phém phu. 2, Lap duce bé dung cu diéu ché ethyl bromid nhue hinh ve. 3. Diéu ché degre Ethyl bromid. 1. CO SO LY THUYET Céc dan chat halogen c6 kha ning phan img cao, do 46 ching c6 tng dung r§ng rai trong thy té, Nhiéu dan chit halogen dugc ding lam nguyén li¢u trong tng hgp hitu co, ding lam dung méi. Mot s6 din chat halogen duge ding lam thuéc. Cé nhiéu phuong phép é ting hgp céc din chit halogen. 1.1, Cac phuong phap digu ché din chdt halogen LLL Diéu ché cae din cht halogen mach ho Cée dn chat halogen mach hé oé thé duge duge diéu ché bing cic phuong phap chinh sau day: + Thénhém -OH ciia alcol bing halogen: +HX ROH ——eRX + HOH (H,S0,) + Céng hop halogen hoc HX vao alken: +X j——> _—_R-CHX-CHX RCHeCHy —f +HX ——— — R-CHX-CH3 + Thé halogen vao alkan: +X. +X. RCH, a RCHX Ty RCH, Je ROK, Iv Vv + Phan ting trao ddi halogen: R-Cl + Nal —* RI + mac R-Br + Mg = R-Mg-Br , R-I R-Cl + HgF, —* R-F + HgCh 1.1.2. Didu ehé dAn chit halogen thom 86a | itu ché din chét halogen thom c6 thé duge thye hign bing cée phuong hp chinh sau day: + Thé halogen tryc tiép vao nhan thom (Se): + Ch +HCl (iG, tien) + Thé nhém diazoni bing halogen trong su e6 mgt cla dng (1) halogenid va acid halogenic tuong tmg (phan ed Sandmeyer): aNenf§ OC, arc + HCl [ few] ce AB + ™ + Trung hop din chit iodo hia, o6 thé digu ché dom gidn hon bing céch dun nong dung dich mudi diazoni véi KI: angta: AL ati ard + Ne + Tring hop dan chét floro héa chi o6 thé digu ché bang phn tg Balz Schiemaunn: Cho dung dich mudi diazoni téc dung véi dung dich dam ge natri floborat (NaBF%) s& thu duge aryl diazoni floborat két tia kha bén ving; sau 46 dun néng mudi nay sé thu duge dan chat fluoroaren: NaBF, e [Sev aaa [aren 1,2. Nguyén tc digu ché ethyl bromid C:HsBr Ethyl bromid duge diéu ché bing cdch cho tac dung alcol ethylic véi acid bromhydric (HIBr) méi sinh theo cdc phan img sau day: KBr + H,SO, ——» HBr + KHSO, C,H;OH + HBr ———» C,H;Br + H,0 Déy 1a phan img thudn nghjch, nhung vi sn phim cudi cing 1a ethyl bromid dé bay hoi, luén ludn duge tach ra khoi mdi trudng phan tmg, do 46 trong thye té, khi diéu ché ethyl bromid, coi nhu phan img xay ra theo chiéu thudn. Song song véi phan img chinh néu trén, con c6 cdc phan img phy cling xy ra: Be, he arr + Nhe BF; 87Y HOH + Hys0, —— CyHs-0-80,H + 120 ethyl sulfat acid CHSO-SO3H + CMON CH 0-CzHs. + FSO, ether ethylic Do dé, khi digu ché ethyl bromid, thu duge hén hgp céc sin pham: ethy| bromid, ether ethylic, HySQq, HO. Ta phai loai cée sin phdm phy: loai nude va HzS0« bing céch gan vi ching khong trGn lin véi ethyl bromid; loai ether ethic bing eich lic hn hop (ethyl bromid + ether ethylic) v6i HaSOs dc, khi 46 ether S€ fan rong HrSOs dic, Vai tr ota HzS0x de: tgo HBr moi sinh va xtc tic cho phan tng t20 ethyl bromid. Khi diéu ché ethyl bromid, ta thém nude vao hén hyp phan img v6i mye dich hda tan KBr va lam cho phan img sinh HBr xay ra tir ti, ddng thoi lam gidm phan img Phy tao ether ethylic. 2. HOA CHAT, DUNG CY 2.1. Héa chat - Kali bromid (KBr), - Acol ethylic (C3Hs0H), - Acid sulfuric (HpSO4; d= 1,83), 2.2. Dung cu ~ Binh cdu dung tich 200 -250 ml, sinh han thing, binh nén, dng dong. - Simg bo, bat lam lanh. ~ Bat céch ct, dén cdn, é Poon A: Binh cw day tron Bat dun cach cét ‘Lui amifing Nude vao Ban obn Bat nude 44 ——} Hinh 10.1. BO dung cy didu ché ethyl bromid (B6 dung cy cat phan doan xem hinh 6, trang 27, myc 4.7.2.2, phan Dai cuong) 883, 3.QUY TRINH THYC HANH Cac bude tién hanh Lip dung cy Lip dung cy nhu hinh vé sao cho b6 dung ey nim trén mat phing, 23 | bie den cén cach Indi = em va dng simg bo cm ngép vao binh himg 6 chita sn hén hop made va mréc d4. 3.2. | Tién hanh thi nghigm l Tay binh cau phan img, Cho vio binh 13ml acol ethylic 95%, 10m! nude | eft Kic du, Lam lanh binh bing céch nhiing vao chau nude. Thém ti tir |3.2.1. | 15ml HpSOs dic (cha ¥ deo kinh bao hiém), vira thém vita lic va lam | lanh dén nhigt d6 phong. Thém 12¢ KBr (cha y khong 48 KBr day & 06 | binh). | Lap binh phin img vao 69 dung cy. Dun céch edt. San phim duge cat 3.2.2. | sang duéi dang cée giot dau nang roi xudng day binh himg. Phan img két thiic khi ngiing roi cae giot dau dé. Tach sin phim: Lay dich edt cho vao binh gan a loai bo nude, lay 16p | dui 06 ethyl bromid va ether ethylic vao éng nghiém to. Loai sin phim phy (ether ethylic): Dat ong nghiém chua san pham thé | vio cbe nude dé, Thém timg giot EaSOs dic, Ide, Cit 1 thé tich san phdm |3.24. | thé, thi thm khodng 1 - 1,5 thé tich HzSOs dic. Gan bé lop HaSOs 6 | duéi, lly CxHsBr 6 lop trén, Ria 2 ln bing nude ct x Sml, Lam khan | bang NaSOy. 3.2.5. | Cat cach thay. Lay dogn c6 ®, = 37 - 39°C. | Dong san pham, tinh higu suat. ( [Et qua thu duge ethyl bromid ld chit long, trong sudt, d= 1,46 (6 20°C), | 185 = 38°C, mai dic bigt, Higu sudt phai dat 60 - 70%. 4. CAC HANG SO VAT LY VA KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA NGUYEN LIEU, SAN PHAM TRONG MOT SO DUNG MOL 3.2.3. A fre | ts Kha nang hoa tan 6 nhigt d6 thuing Cet | M | cy | ec) | 9 [Heo [Acol | Ether | Aceton | Benzen KBr 119 | 730 ++] = Alcol ethylic | 46 78,4| 0,79 | ++] ++ [+++] +44 = | + | + Ethyl bromid | 108,8 382/146, - [++]+++| +44) 44 + Ghi chit: ++ + rattan; ++; dé tan; +: tan; +: hoi tan; - : khé tan. 895. CAU HOI LUQNG GIA 1, Hay trinh bay céc phuong php diéu ché dain chat halogen? 2. Hay trinh bay nguyén tic didu ché ethyl bromid? Sau phan ting thu duge nhong sin phém phy ndo va edch logi sin phém phy tao thanh duge tién hinh nhwr thé nao? 3. Hay gid thich tai sao phai ding KBr & thé rin? Hay néu vai tr cla HaSO, trong phan img diéu ché ethyl bromid,Bai 10 PHAN UNG OXY HOA Didn ché acid benzoic Myc tidu hye tip 1. Trinh bay doe nguyen ide diéu ché acid benzoic tit toluen, cach tinh ché vd logi bd séin phdm phy ciia phan img diéu ché acid benzole: 2. Lip duege b6 dung cy diéu ché acid benzoic nluc hinh ve. 3. Dieu ché duege acid benzoic. 1.CO SO LY THUYET 1.1. Phan img oxy hod cita hgp chat hiru co Phin tmg oxy héa duige img dung rong rai trong tng hap hitu co. Sit oxy héa m6t hgp chat hu co thuimg gin véi vige tach nguyén tt hydro hodc su két hop nguyén tir oxy vao. V8 ban chit, su oxy héa 1a qué trinh cho electron. Nhe vay, chit no cé khuynh huéng dé cho electron thi cang dé bi oxy héa. Nguoe Ini, chat ndo 6 4i lye 16n véi electron (48 nhén electron) thi la chat oxy hoa manh, vi dy: KMnOs, acid cromic, hydroperoxyd, acid sulfuric dc, cdc peroxyd Kim loai, Cl, Br, ... ; ; Phin tmg dehydro héa cting drge xem 1a trudmg hop riéng cia phan tng oxy héa. Qa trinh oxy héa phy thuge vio nhigu yéu t6 khéo nhau nur ban chat te nhin oxy héa, dic tinh cia chit bj oxy héa va m6i truémg phan tng. 1.2. M@t sé phan img thudng ding dé didu ché acid carboxylic { (01 R-CHp-OH ——* RCHO ——* RCOOH -Di tir hydrocarbon + Ditie hydrocarbon no [0] R-CH; ———* RCOOH + Di tie hydrocarbon khong no R-CH=CH-R: a. RCOOH + RiCOOH + Di tir hydrocarbon thom arr —[l _. ar—coon - Di tir hgp cht nitril R-CN Saree RCOOH 91- Di tir hgp cht co kim CO, H,0_ RMgx *—= Reoomgx i= RCOOH 1.3. Nguyén tic diéu ché acid benzoic | Oxy hod toluen bing KMnO, trong nude ta thu duge acid benzoic 6 dang mudi. Phuong trink phn eng: CoHs-CHs + 2KMnOy > CsHs-COOK +2MnO2) + KOH + 20 Cels-COOK + HC] -» CoHs-COOH) + KCI , Khi oxy hod toluen bing KMnOy trong nude ta thu duge acid benzoic é dang mudi kali benzoat tan trong nude va mangan dioxyd kh6ng tan. Khi két thie phan tg, logi KMnOs dur bing alcol ethylic, Ioc loai bo mangan dioxyd trén phéu Buchner. Béc hoi dich loc dén con 1/5 thé tich, thém tir tir acid clohydric dic dén phan img acid sé thu duge acid benzoic 6 dang két tinh. Loc hiit qua phéu Buchner, ria tia bing nude lanh. Lay két tia va sy kho 6 ngoai kh6ng khi, (Acid benzoic c6 thé tinh ché bang phuong phap thing hoa). 2. HOA CHAT, DUNG CY 2.1. Hoa chat - Toluen. -KMn0x. - Acid HCI de, - Ethanol tuyét d6i. - Nude cat, 2.2. Dung cu ~ Sinh han héi leu - Phéu Buchner - Binh cu day tron 250ml - Den con ~ Céc thiy tinh 100m! - Bat inox - Ong dong - Phéu thuy tinh 923. QUY TRINH THY'C HANH sir[ Gaede tifa ink —___—_ 3.1. Nute ra Sinh han. Hinh 11.1. BG dung cy digu ché acid Benzoic Lap dung cu: nhu hinh vé 3.2._| Tién banh thi nghiém 3.2.3. | Loc trén phéu Buchner a8 loai hét MnO2.. Cho vao binh phan img 1,0 mitoluen, 1g KMinOs, 50 ml nude cat va vai manh sit. Léc déu hén hop trong 5 phnit. _ Lip binh phin tng voi sinh hin hOi luw. Dun céch ei sbi ne fer mt gid, thinh thodng léc hén hgp phan dmg (b6 dén cOn ra trude | lic). . Sau d6, léy binh phan img ra, 48 ngudi, thém ti tir ethanol vao cho den khi hét mau tim. 3.2.4. BO dich oc ra 2 bat si, bbc hoi djch Ipc cho 4én khi cdn 1/5 the tich dich loc. Néu thdy djch Igc bj dyc thi Ie ndng qua phéu thuy tinh dé loai hét MnO>. Dé ngudi dich loc. Thém tir ti HCI die vao dich loc 4én phin img acid. Acid benzoic tao thanh dudi dang két tia. Loe hit qua phéu Buchner sé thu duge acid benzoic. Acid benzoic 1a chat rin két tinh mau trang, néng chay @ 121-123°C. 4. CAC HANG SO VAT LY VA KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA NGUYEN LIEU, SAN PHAM TRONG MOT SO DUNG MOI 93[ Chat m | tw | & | 4 Kha ning hoa tan o nhiét 46 thutng ec) | ec) Ti20 | Alcol | Ether Toluen 92,14] -95 | 110,6]0,86| - | + + KMn0s 158 Ea GHOH | 46 | -114,5] 78 [a7] + | + | + CalsCOOH | 122 | 122 eT Ghi cli: +++: rit tans ++: a8 tans +: tan; + : hoi tan; -: khé tan. 5. CAU HOI LUQNG GIA. 1. Trinh bay nguyén tic ciia phan img digu ché acid benzoic? 2, Trinh bay cach logi cdc sin phim phy sinh ra trong qué trinh diéu ché acid benzoic? 3. Hay cho biét c6 thé didu ché acid benzoic tir neuyén ligu dau la céc dng ding cia toluen duge khéng? Tai sa0?Bait PHAN UNG ESTER HOA Didu ché ethyl acetat Myc tidu hge tip 1. Trinh bay duare nguyén te diéu ché ethyl acetat. 2. Trinh bay dtege cde bién phép lam tang hiéu sudt cia phan tg ester héa. 3. Lap diege b6 dung cu diu ché ethyl acetat nhue hinh ve. 4, Diéu ché duge ethyl acetat, 1.CO SO LY THUYET L.1. Phan tig ester hog 2 ® © + 10 Reon * ROH == phon, ° Phan img gitta acid carboxylic v6 aleol goi la phan img ester héa. 1.2. Dic diém cita phan img ester hod Phan img ester héa la phan img thudn nghich, do 46 bi giéi han boi trang thai cn bang. Thye nghiém chimg té ring, & trang thai cén bang chi cb 28 lugng acid va alcol duge ester héa, Do 46 higu suét phan img ester héa t6i da chi khoang 66.67%. © nhiét 49 phong va khéng 6 mat xéc téc, phan tmg nay dién ra rét chim. Khi c mat cdc yéu t6 nay, phan tmg nhanh chéng dat trang thai can bang nhung khéng thay déi duge téc a6 phan img, Xiic tac thong ding 14 HeSOs dam dic, né vita 06 téc dung xtc tée vita c6 kha nding hit muéc. Lugng acid thuong ding bing 5-10% so véi luong alcol, m6t sé phin img phai ding nhiéu acid hon nita méi thu duge higu suat cao, 1.3, Cac phuong ph4p lam ting higu suat phan img ~ Ding lugng dur acid carboxylic hofe alcol. ~ Cat ester ra khoi hn hgp phan img hoc ding téc nhdn logi nude ra khéi hén hop phan img, ~ Cé thé ding cde phuong phap ester héa khdc. 1.4. Nguyén tic phan img ester hod didu ché ethyl acetat oO 9 cou + GHjOH £ HycSocatts + HO Ht 2. HOA CHAT VA DYNG CU 2.1. Hoa chat 95~ Alcol ethylic tuyét d6i - Dung dich CaClz bo hda - Acid acetic bang = NazSO« khan - Acid H2SOx dic (d=1,84 giml) - Quy tim - Dung dich NayCO3 20% - Kinh bao hiém 2.2. Dung cy - Binh Wurtz 100 ml - Simg bd, nbigt ké - Sinh han thing ~ Bat dun céch cat - Phéu nhé gigt - Binh gan, binh hing - Dén cén Hinh 12.1. BG dung cy dé digu ché Ethyl acetat B. Binh nh giot D. Ong simg bd E. Binh himg G. Bat dun céch cat hinh 6, trang 32, myc 4.8.2.2, phn Dai cuong) A. Binh Wurtz C. Sinh han F.Nhigtké (B6 dung cu cét phan doan xem 3. QUY TRINH THY'C HANH STT Cée bude tién hinh 3.1. [Lip dung cu: nhu hinh vé 3.2. [Tién hanh thi nghigém 3.2.1.|Cho vao binh Wurtz 2,5ml alcol tuyét di. Deo kinh bao hiém, rét rat tir th '2,5ml HoSO, dic vao dong théi Lim lanh binh Wurtz bing cach nhting vao| [chu nue. Lau khé bin Wurtz. 3.2.2|Day binh Wurtz bing nit e6 chm phéu abd gigt c6 chira sin mot hon hop| gdm 15ml alcol ethylic tuyét d6i va 1Sml acid acetic bing. Dun trén bit| (O 99° 96(—_ [each cat t6i 140°C, §(2.3.Nho tir tir timg giot hBn hop & phéu nho gigt xudng binh phan img va dieul | |chinh sao cho tée 46 nhd git phai bing tdc 46 cét ra. Trong suét thai gian| Iphan mg duy tri nhiét 49 & 140°C, 5.2.4.|Khi phan img xong, trung hda dich cdt ngung ty 6 binh hing bing dung \dich NazCOs 20% (kiém tra bing gidy quy). Tach Idy I6p ester & phfa trén, sau dé lc voi Sml dung djch CaCl bio hda dé Jogi alcol cén sét lai. Da lyén mét lic cho phan I6p, tach My 6p ester & phia trén. Lam khan bing| | __|Na2SOq, dé yén mét lite sau 46 gan lay lép ester. 452.5,{C&t phin dogn trén ndi cach thiy va thu ly ethyl acetat 6 phan doan 70 | |78°C. Tinh higu suét phan tmg, [Ethyl acetat 1a chat long khdng mau, trong su®t, co mui thom cla qua chin, Chi y: Ethyl acetat e6 thé tgo hon hgp ding phi nhur sau: © H6n hop 91,8% ester voi 8,2% made sdi 6 70,4°C. © H6n hop 69,2% ester vi 30,8% alcol ethylic s6i 6 71,8°C. © H6n hop 83,2% ester, 9% alcol ethylic va 7,8% nude si & 70,3°C. 4, CAC HANG SO VAT LY VA KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA NGUYEN LIEU, SAN PHAM TRONG MOT SO DUNG MOI Kha ning hoa tan 6 nhiét 46 Hop chat M | cy] d thudng HO | Alcol | Ether Acid acetic 60,05 | 118 | 1,053 | +++ ee er Alcol ethylic 46,07 78 [0,789 | +++ ++ an [2SO, 98,08 1,84 [| baa Ethylacetat 88,10 | 77,15 | 0,901 : +H +4 Ghi chi: + + + : rat tan; ++ : dé tan; + : tan; +: hoi tan; - : khé tan. 5. CAU HOI LUQNG GIA |. Trinh bay nguyén tic cia phan tmg diéu ché ethyl acetat? 2. Hay trinh bay cdc bin phép nfing cao higu sudt cla phan img ester hod duge img dung trong qué trinh diéu ché ethyl acetat. 3. Trinh bay c4ch Jogi san phdm phy, tinh ché ethylacetat tir hn hop phan img. 97Bai 12 PHAN UNG XA PHONG HOA Didu ché xA phong tir diu thye vit Mye tigu hoe tip: 1. Trinh bay duge nguyén te diéu ché xd phong tit déu thie vat. Viet duege so dé ctia phan ing diéu che. 2. Trinh bay duge kf thudt tach san phdm xa phong tit hn hop phan ting, 3. Diéu ché duege xa phong tit déw thre vat. 1.CO SO LY THUYET XA phong 1a hn hop mudi natri hofe mudi kali cla acid béo. Céc x phong thyong mai cé mit trén thj tung hign nay 1a két qua cita mot qué trinh phét trign lau dai ca tién b cOng nghé. Xa phong 6 tén tir ntti Sapo, noi x4 phdng ln dau tién duge phat hién ngfu nhién khi ding vat chét do chay rimg, m6 ciia ching phan ting vdi tro tir g6 dé tgo ra m6t hén hgp c6 kha nding lam sach quan éo tét hon. Trong nhiéu thé ky qua, xa phong da duge diéu ché bing cde phuong phép truyén théng bing céch dun s6i hdn hgp chat béo dong vat hoa dau thye vat véi tro, hoc soda, ho&c natri hydroxyd dé digu ché xa phong thé. XA phong thé sau d6 duge tly tring (néu edn), durge thém huong liéu, ép khéi, dong g6i. 1.1. Phan tmg xA phong héa Phan img xa phong hod JA qué trinh thuy phan chat béo trong mdi trudng kiém (NaOH ho&c KOH), tao thanh glycerin va mui kiém ota cdc acid béo (goi 1.xa phong). CH2O-COR CHyOH RCOONa GH-O-coR’ —SNa0H CHO * = R'COONa CHy0-COR" HOH R'COONa Glycerin Mudi natri carboxylat Phan img xa phong hod bin chét 1A phan img thuy phan ester trong moi trong kiém va xy ra thudn nghich. Vi vay, phan img lic ddu nhanh roi sau d6 cham dan lai. Trong thye té cé nhiéu yéu t6 anh hung dén vn téc phan img nhu higu mg bé mat, Iugng kiém du, lugng nude cé mat trong hén hop... Dé tang higu sudt phan img cé thé tach glycerin ra khdi hn hgp trong qué trinh phan tmg. Cé ba phuong phép diéu ché xa phong: diéu ché xa phong khéng gia nhiét, didu ché xa phdng gia nhiét nhe, diéu ché xa phong cé thu hdi glycerin (diéu ché xa phéng 6 nhiét d6 cao, diéu ché xa phing lién tuc). Tt ca cdc loai dau, m6 dng - thyc vat déu cé thé ding lam nguyén ligu sin xudt x4 phong nhu: mé ba, ciu, heo, dau dita, diu cg, dau dau phng, du thau 98Fodtins A \ ‘ HL HOH,C \ 7 Hel muy HoT __ San phim chon 6 mau 1.2. Disaccharid 1.2.1. Chu tao Hai phan tt monosaccharid két hgp, logi mot phan tir nude tao lién két slycosid hinh thanh ra disaccharid, Tuy theo cfu tgo, disaccharid duge chia lam disaccharid khit va disaccharid khéng khit. ~ Disaccharid khir: Su logi nude gitta nhém -OH ban acetal cla phan tir monosaccharid thir nhdt véi mt nhém -OH alcol cia phan tir monosaccharid thir hai tao thanh disaccharid con mt nhém - OH bén acetal nén van o6 thé hé bien HO sang dang mach hé, vi vay c6 tinh khir, CH,OH_o. ie CH,OH, HO. By HO. nD oF Lactose Maltose ~ Disaecharid khong kihir: Hai nhém ~OH pin acetal ctia hai phan ts monosaccharid loai 1 phan tir nude tao acetal, két qua khéng con nhém - OH ban acetal nén khéng hé bién duge sang dang mach hé, vi vay kh6ng c6 tinh kh, Vidy: °CH,OH 0 | + 1 a-D-glucopyranosid b> CHOW 0. - fr is B-D-fructofuranosid “3 CHOH | Saccharose 1.2.2. Tinh cht ~ Phan tng thuy phan: Disaccharid bj thuy phan béi acid hoc enzym tao thanh hai phan tir monosaccharid. Phuong trinh phan tng: 69give» Cae du, m@ giu thanh phin acid béo no (me heo, bd, dau diz...) cho xa pong etme hon céc du mo giau thinh phn acid béo khong n0. Trong bai thye tp nay, xa phong duge didu ché bing céch thuy phan dau gira trong, méi trudng kiém, 12. Neuyén the didn ché xa phang tir dau dira Dau dita duge ép tir cdi dita (chiém 65% trong cdi dita kh6), 06 tY trong 0,86-0,9 & 15°C. Nhigt 46 néng chay cia dau dita 1a 23-26°C, diém béc khoi la 177°C, chi s6 xa phong hod 1a 250-260, chi s6 iod la 8-9. Céc acid béo 6 trong div dita chi yéu la céc acid béo bio hod (khodng 94%), trong 46 ¢6 Khoang 64% ia ede acid béo 06 gée trung tinh bao gdm: [__Tenacid béo | T¥ig phn trim (%) | __Loai acid béo [Acid Tauric 45-52 ‘Acid béo bio hoa ‘Acid myristic 16-21 ‘Acid béo bao hoa ‘Acid caprylic 3-10 ‘Acid béo bio hod [Acid capric 4-8 “Acid béo bao hoa Acid caproie 05-1 ‘Acid béo bao hoa ‘Acid palmitic 7210 ‘Acid béo bao hoa Acid oleic 5-8 ‘Acid béo khong bao hoa ‘Acid palmitoleic Tatit ‘Acid béo khéng bao hoa Acid linoleic 1-3 ‘Acid béo khéng bao hoa Acid linolenic >02 ‘Acid béo khong bao hoa Acid stearic 2-4 ‘Acid béo bao hoa Xa phong diéu ché tir dau dima co tinh tdy rita va tinh tao bot tot nhat vi c6 him lugng acid lauric, myristic cao (nhing acid béo c6 géc alkyl tir 11-13 nguyén tir carbon cé kha nding ty rita va tao bot cao nhat). Trong qué trinh xa phong hoa phai cho dung dich mudi &in bao hoa vio hon hop phan img dé qué trinh phiin li cha xd phong chuyén dich cén bing phan img vé phia tréi, lam xa phong {t tan trong nuéc, phan Idp téch ra va ndi lén trén. R-COONa «== R-COO" + = Na® 2, HOA CHAT, DUNG CU 2.1, Hod chat - Dau dita - Dung dich NaCI bio hoa trong nude ~ Dung dich NaOH 20% - Nude eft - Ethanol 2.2. Dung cy - Binh cau dung tich 100ml -Déncén 99~ Cbe thity tinh, éng dong ~ Phdu Ige Buchner ~ Bat dun cach thuy - Gidy Igc ~ Nhigt ké, dia thuy tinh 3. QUY TRINH THYC HANH IT Cie bude tién hank 3.1. | Lay mét binh clu kh6, dung tich 100ml, cho vao binh 3ml dau dita, 7m ethanol, 3ml dung dich NaOH 20%, Khudy tron déu hin hop bing dia thuy tinh, 3.2. | Dat binh phan img vao bat cdch thuy, kep cd binh vio gid 46. Dun céch thuy s6i hén hop phin img trong thoi gian 30 phut, khudy trn hn hop trong qué trinh phan img. 3.3. | Tach sin phim: - Dé hén hgp sin phim dang néng vio céc thuy tinh chita sin 20m! dung dich NaCl bao hod. Khudy déu, dé ngudi tir tir dén nhiét 46 phong, mudi natri cita acid béo (tire x4 phong) sé tach ra & dang két tia. - Loc hiit trén phu oe Buchner. Rita tua bing nude cét. San phdm thu duge 1a chat rn mau tring, cé mui thom dic trmg cla dau dire, Chi ¥: - Mudn digu ché xd phong trung tinh, o6 thé trung hoa kiém du bing cdc acid yéu nhu: acid citric, acid oleic, acid stearic. - San phdm thu duge chi la nguyén ligu chi yéu dé lam x8 phong. Dé 06 x4 phong thuong ding cén phai thém vao céc chat dn, chat tao bot, huong ligu.... 4. CAU HOI LUQNG GIA 1. Trinh bay nguyén tic tia phan tmg xa phong héa? 2. Cé bao nhiéu phuong phép diéu ché xa phong? Hay ké tén cdc phuong phép 6. 53. Hay néu ly do cia viée thém dung dich NaCl bao hoa ¢ giai doan tach sin phdm xa phong? 4. Tai sao khi tién hanh phan img diéu ché xa phong tir diu dita, hén hop phan img durge dun cdch thuy ma khéng dun nong tryc tiép?BAL13 PHAN UNG AMID HOA Dieu ché acetanilid Mye tidu hye tap 1. Trink bay diege nguyén téc diéu ché acetanilid. 2. Trinh bay dege cach logi sin phdm phy va tinh ché acetanilid. 3. Diéw ché duege acetanilid. 1.CO SO LY THUYET fvicoay ce 0 11, Amid: Amid 18 din chét cia acid carboxylic, trong 46 nhém hydroxy! niém carboxyl duge thay thé bing nhém amino (-NH2). ° ZO 2 Reo R St, Acid carboxylic Amid ° Nhém dinh chite amid: Cy, i ‘ -NEb bing géc Khi thay thé mot hay ca hai nguyén tir hydro cla nhom g 8 hydrocarbon, thu dugc amid thé. C6 hai logi amid thé: ~ Amid thé 1 Lin: R—* ae oO o ~ Amid thé 2 lan: RR RR 1.2. Cc phuwong phép diéu ché amid 1.2.1. Tir mudi amoni ciia acid carboxylic oO oO t R-Ce R-C& ONH, To” Sey 1.2.2. Tir din chit cia acid carboxylic véi amoniac va amin (RCO),O + NH, —* RCONH, + RCOOH ROOX + R'NH, —* RCONHR' + HX RCOOGH, + NH, —* ROONH, + CH,OH 101Voi amoniae va cfc dfn cht cia acid carboxylic ta thu durge amid chua thé, Néy 4i tir amin bic_1 (hogc bic 2) va céc din chAt cia acid carboxylic ta thu duge amid thé 1 lan (hoge amid thé 2 lan), 1.2.3. Hydrat hod nitril voi sy od mat cla acid v6 co go R-C=N + HO —* RC 1.3, Nguyén tc didu ché acetanilid Cho anhydrid acetic tic dung véi anilin, & diéu kign céch thuy 70 - 80°C, ta thu duge acetanilid. Phicong trinh phan ing: 9 wooden + CtHeNtis wedrw kd el Acetanilid la chdt rin két tinh, khé tan trong nude lanb, dé tan trong nude nong. Vi vay, c6 thé két tinh Iai trong dung méi 1a nude néng. Binh phan tmg phai kh6 vi néu c6 mat nude, 6 diéu kign phan img, anhydrid acetic bj thuy phan tgo acid acetic sé lim giém kha ning phan img vai anilin 1am gidm higu suét cia phan img. a 2. HOA CHAT DUNG CU 2.1, Hod chat - Anilin (4 = 1,022) - Anhydrid acetic (=1,080) - Nude ct 2.2. Dung cu. ~ Binh cdu dung tich 50 ml - Bat dun céch thuy - Céc thuy tinh, éng dong - Phu thuy tinh - Phéu loc hit Buchner - Dén cén - Luéi amiing Hinh 13.1. Loc néng qua phéu thuj tinh dé két tinh Igi acetanilid 1023,QUY TRINH THY'C HANH sit 41. BT Ne tog [W Pry acabanid we ect (Céc bwée tign hanh Ay mét binh ea 50 mi faRQ) Cho vio binh 12 mi aniin mdi ot (= 1,02), 1S ml anhydid acetic (d= 1,08) ce ff" ch Dit binh phan img vao bat céch thuy, kep o® binh vao gi 40. Dun efch thuy & nhit €670-g0°% trong 30 phit. Thinh thong Khufy tron hn hop phan img. 5. | Thém 35m nude okt vio Ria hgp phan ing fang 5 Kul bik) thaacetanilid. (ve cf Re hig cst te Mae phai dat ~ 70-80%, Bo diém chay phai dat f'n. = 114°C. ne abt toi i , Fa [ashi en pa Bachan Bre soma maga HT din) 33. | Kéttinh lai: Hoa tan acetanilid thd vio mot obc thuy tinh chita sén 25m satu nude s6i, Bun néng va khufy cho tan hoan toan. Cee nn, nhanh qua ) +901 phéu thiy tink, Acetanilid sé két tinh. Loc iit thu tha bang phéu loc Buchner, aK 36. | Sy kho 6 60°C trong 30 phat. Can sin phim, tinh higu svat. Higu suat +t bet 4. CAC HANG $0 VAT LY VA KHA NANG HOA TAN CUA NGUYEN }s' oy MS LIEU, SAN PHAM TRONG MOT SO DUNG MOI O04. i fe ) 1 Kha ning hod tan o mhiét 46 thong Chat M | ee | ee | 4 bho TAleot | Ether | Aceton Anhydrid 102] -73 | 140 | 108 | + | + + * acetic | Anilin 93 iat [io] - | + | + + ‘Acetanilid 135 | 114 = + * * Ghi chi: ++ +: rat tan; ++ : dé tan; + : tan; +: hoi tan; - : khé tan. 5. CAU HOI LUQNG GIA . 1. Trinh bay nguyén tic digu ché acetanilid? Hay néu ning hu y khi tién hanh phan img diéu ché acetanilid? | . 2. Trinh bay nguyén tic Iya chon dung mdi dé tién hanh tinh ché acetanilid bang phuong phap két tinh Iai? 3. Trinh bay bign phap xir ly néu dung dich sau khi két tinh Ii acetanilid khong xudt hién két tha? 103CY ROE Mev ercettic | Thay cho canlycluct GLCOne mde pV op Eo J hat ey 5 Bail4 dam (HOP CHAT AZOIC VA DIAZOIC al Dieu ché -naphtol cg fui 8th fan egal ving Base 4 yn Myc tiéu hge tap 1, Trinh bay duoc nguyén tée cia phan ting diéu ché phdm vang p. naphtol. 2. Trinh bay duge nguyén tdc, diéu kign, cach kiém tra phan img diazo hod. 3. Diéu ché duge phdm vang P-naphtol va gidi thich duge cde bude tién hanh ctia phan ing diéu ché phim vang B-naphtol. 1.CO SO LY THUYET 1.1. Hyp chat diazoic va azoic Diazoic va azoic 1a nhitng hgp chit hitu co e6 mang nhém chite azo. Dé 1a nhém chite gbm hai nguyén ti nito lién két voi nhau bing lién két dai. -N=N- : nhém azo Ar—N=N-X Ar—N=N—Ar Ar: g6c hydrocarbon thom Hop chét diazoie Hop chat azoie_X*: Ct, HSOr, NOs, OH, OR- Cong thite ¢6 cue: +e . | ar-Nen] x 1,2, Phan ing — 1.2.1. Binh nghia: phin img digu ché hop chat diazoje tir hop chdt émin bac} va acid nitro tgo thanh hgp chat azoic dur6i dang mudi diazoni goi la phan tmg diazo_ héa, — - V6i amin bac 1 mach hé phan img diazo héa tgo mudi diazoni khéng bén, bj phan hity thanh alcol va gidi phéng nito: -H,0 -N-OH —*» R4IN=N}OH —+ R-OH +N, Dn chat diazoic - Véi amin thom béc 1 phan ing diazo héa tao mudi diazoni ben ving & nhiét 46 thép: NaNO,/HCI +. ANH, Tso APNGl + HO + NaCl 1.2.2. Didu kign cia phan tg diazo hoa 104