AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, MAYUR VIHAR
SUBJECT: Science CLASS: X MONTH: APRIL
LIFE PROCESSES -TOPIC: RESPIRATION
1. Define respiration.
The process by which a living being utilizes the food to get energy is called respiration. It is an
oxidation reaction in which carbohydrate is oxidized to produce energy.
2. What are the steps of respiration?OR What are the different ways in which
glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms?
STEPS OF RESPIRATION:
a. Glycolysis : Breaking down glucose, a 6 carbon molecule into pyruvate, a 3
carbon molecule. This process takes place in the cytoplasm .
b. Fate of Pyruvic Acid: Further breaking down of pyruvic acid takes place in
mitochondria and the molecules formed depend on the type of respiration in a
particular organism
Aerobic Respiration: In the presence of oxygen, Pyruvic acid is converted into
carbon dioxide and water and 38 ATP molecules of energy is released .
Anaerobic Respiration In Yeast/ fermentation : In the absence of oxygen,
pyruvate is broken down into ethyl alcohol , CO2 and 2 ATP molecules of energy
is released .
Anaerobic Respiration in the muscle cells: In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is
broken down into Lactic acid and 2 ATP molecules of energy is released . Build
–up of the lactic acid in muscles causes muscle cramps.
3. Differentiate between Aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
AISMV/ SR-15/ S-4/ WS- 3
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
a. respiration in presence of oxygen a. respiration in absence of oxygen
b. energy released high ie. 38 ATP b. energy released is less ie. 2 ATP
molecules. molecules.
c. End products are Carbon dioxide+ c. End products are ethanol or lactic
water + ATP acid + ATP.
d. It occurs in organisms as humans, d. It occurs in Yeast ( Fermentation) or
animals etc. muscle cells.
4. Why do fish open and close its mouth continuously?
The amount of dissolved oxygen in water is fairly low as compared to O2 in air.
Thus the rate of breathing is much faster in aquatic organisms than terrestrial.
The F I S H take in water through its M O U T H A N D F O R C E I T past T H E I R G I L L S ,
WHERE DISSOLVED OXYGEN IS TAKEN UP BY THE BLOOD VESSELS.
IN ORDER TO MEET THE ENERGY REQUIREMENT, FISH OPEN AND
CLOSES ITS MOUTH CONTINUOUSLY TO TAKE IN O2.
5. H O W D O E X C H A N G E O F G A S E S O C C U R I N T H E P L A N T S ?
Plants exchange gases through stomata, and the large inter-cellular spaces ensure that
all cells are in contact with air.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged by diffusion here.
The direction of diffusion depends on the environmental conditions and the
requirement of the plants.
During the day, CO2 generated during respiration is used up for photosynthesis,
hence there is no CO2 release. Instead, oxygen release ( during photosynthesis) is the
major event at this time.
At night time, when no photosynthesis occurs and hence no oxygen is produced,
oxygen from air diffuses into leaves to carry out respiration. And carbon dioxide
produced by respiration diffuses out into air.
Q6. All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree
with this statement? Give reason.
Photosynthesis occurs only during day time.
During this time oxygen is produced . Some oxygen is used for respiration and rest of
oxygen is diffused out into air.
Carbon dioxide produced during day time by respiration is used in photosynthesis.
But at night time, no photosynthesis occurs and hence no oxygen is produced.
oxygen from air diffuses into leaves to carry out respiration and carbon dioxide produced
by respiration diffuses out into air.
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7. Why is their pain in leg muscles on running?
When someone runs too fast, he may experience a throbbing pain the leg muscles. This
happens when there is a lack of oxygen in our muscle cells, and they respire anaerobically.
Pyruvate breaks down to release lactic acid. This build-up of lactic acid in our muscles
during sudden activity causes cramps.
8. Why is there extra air in our lungs after exhaling?
This extra air is called residual volume of air. During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in
and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for
oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.
9. Which cell are the site of exchange of gases in the lungs?
Alveoli
10. How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange
of gases?
Within the lungs the bronchii divide into bronchioles that are finely branched
and end up in air sacs or alveoli.
These numerous alveoli increase the surface area and its thin and delicate lining
facilitates gaseous exchange .
The wall of alveoli are lined with extensive network of blood vessels into which
gases diffuse.
11. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard
to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Terrestrial animals can breathe the oxygen in the atmosphere, but animals that live in water need
to use the oxygen dissolved in water. Since the amount of dissolved oxygen is fairly low
compared to the amount of oxygen the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much faster than
in terrestrial organisms.
12. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells and is transported as
oxyhaemoglobin.
CO2 is transported in the dissolved form in the blood plasma, as it is more soluble in
water.
13. Is diffusion pressure enough to carry oxygen to different parts of the body?
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Diffusion can meet the O2 requirements of unicellular organisms like
Amoeba.
In higher organisms, diffusion pressure alone cannot take care of O2 delivery
to all parts of the body.
Therefore respiratory pigment hemoglobin takes up O2 from the air in the
alveoli(lungs) and carries it to the tissues which are deficient in O2.
14.D I F F E R E N T I A T E BETWEEN BREATHING AND RESPIRATION?
Breathing Respiration
The mechanism by which
Respiration includes
organisms obtain oxygen
oxidation of food in the
from the air and release
cells of the organism to
carbon dioxide is called
release energy.
breathing.
Respiration is a
Breathing is a physical
biochemical process of
process.
oxidation of food.
The process of breathing The process of respiration
involves the lungs of the involves the lungs and
organism. mitochondria of the cells.
Q15. Explain the Breathing Mechanism:
Ans:
when we breathe in, our ribs moves upwards and outwards and diaphragm gets
flattened .
The volume of the chest cavity increases.
Because of this, air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli.
The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the
alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar
blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body.
When we exhale the diaphragm and ribs return to their resting positions. This
reduces the size of the thoracic cavity, thereby increasing the pressure and forcing
air out of the lungs.
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