PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Closed Loop Cooling Water System Design

PTS 16.39.10
November 2017

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
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FOREWORD

PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.

Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes
all phases of work activities.

Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of
work, goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where
specific requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established
standards or practices of the same level of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.

In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering
requirement and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international
codes and technical standards before start of any work.

PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, recording or
otherwise) or be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever, without the prior written
consent of PETRONAS.

The PTS shall be used exclusively for the authorised purpose. The users shall arrange for PTS to be
kept in safe custody and shall ensure its secrecy is maintained and provide satisfactory information to
PETRONAS that this requirement is met.
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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 4

1.1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ................................................................................................. 5
2.0 CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ...................................... 6
2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 6
2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 7
2.3 CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER QUALITY ...................................................................... 8
2.4 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 11
2.5 EXPANSION VESSEL ....................................................................................................... 12
2.6 CLOSED LOOP CIRCULATION PUMPS ............................................................................ 14
2.7 CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER HEAT SINK COOLER ................................................... 14
2.8 END-USER HEAT EXCHANGERS (PROCESS COOLERS).................................................... 15
2.9 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ............................................................................. 15
2.10 MISCELLANEOUS ........................................................................................................... 17
3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 21
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS provides the technical requirements for the design of closed loop cooling water
system for upstream and downstream facilities based on PETRONAS lesson learnt and best
practices. Cooling water system is an important utility and its reliability is critical to successful
facilities operation.

1.1 SCOPE

1.1.1 This PTS covers the design requirements of the closed loop cooling water systems for heat
rejection from process, utilities and equipment for upstream and downstream application. It
also includes the water quality requirement that is required for an effective and reliable utility.

1.1.2 This PTS excludes hot water reactor jacket cooling.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

Refer to PTS 00.01.03 for PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations &
Reading Guide.

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

No Definition Description
For upstream, typically once-through seawater is used as the cold
1 Heat Sink
stream to absorb the heat collected by the circulating cooling water
from the end users
For downstream, final heat sink can be either once through
seawater, open evaporative cooling or air fin cooler end user heat
exchangers (process coolers).
Table 1.1: Definition of Terms

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 LAH Level (Alarm) High

2 LAL Level (Alarm) Low

3 LEL Lower Explosive Limit

4 LZA-HH Level Trip (Alarm) High High

5 LZA-LL Level Trip (Alarm) Low Low

6 PCHE Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger

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No Abbreviation Description

7 PHE Plate Frame Heat Exchanger

8 SSF Slip Stream Filtration

9 TBC Total Bacteria Count

10 TCV Temperature Control Valve

Table 1.2: Specific Abbreviation of Terms

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS16.39.10 (November 2017) replaces PTS16.39.10 (December 2014).
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2.0 CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.1.1 A closed loop water system provides a stable supply of cooling water at the required
temperature and flow rate to process, utility and equipment heat exchangers. The cooling
water is drawn by circulation pumps from an expansion vessel or cooling water tank and
distributed to the end-user’s heat exchangers (process coolers). The hot cooling water is then
passed through the final heat sink (e.g. once through seawater cooling, cooling tower, and fin-
fan cooler) where heat is removed. The cooling water then returns to the expansion vessel for
recirculation.

2.1.2 The main components in a closed loop cooling water system are:
i. The expansion vessel; used as a buffer tank to incorporate the expansion of water
when it is heated up to prevent increase in pressure and surge in volume. To
ensure that the water quality is good, the fresh water should be treated and
stored in a tank before entering the closed loop cooling water system.
ii. Circulation pumps;
iii. Heat sink
iv. pipework and control systems for distribution of the cooling water to individual
end users;
v. slipstream filter;
vi. chemical injection system

Figure 2.1: Typical Closed Loop Cooling Water System

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2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 Closed loop cooling water systems are designed for high temperature cooling systems
(temperature more than 20⁰C above ambient) and chiller applications (temperature below
ambient).

2.2.2 The closed loop cooling water system for hazardous end-users should be located in hazardous
area. In case of the closed loop cooling water system for hazardous end-users are located in
non-hazardous area, flammable and toxic gas detection shall be provided to detect the
migration of flammable and toxic substances to non-hazardous area.

2.2.3 The closed loop cooling water system is designed to ensure uninterrupted supply of cooling
during maintenance of the system components and to achieve the specified degree of
reliability and availability.
The reliability required to achieve continuous operation can be provided in several ways:
i. Spare makeup and water circulating pump(s) are provided to assure continuous
operation.
ii. Different types of drivers are specified for the supply or water circulating pumps.
Motor-driven pumps are supplied from two different buses on a secondary
selective electrical distribution system.
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iii. Holdup volume is provided in the expansion vessel to permit an orderly shutdown
of process units if the makeup water supply is lost or a failure occurs in any part
of the recirculated cooling water system.
iv. Valves, blinds and bypasses are provided to permit individual components to be
removed from the system for maintenance while the system is operating.
v. Construction materials provided for cooling water facilities are designed for long-
term corrosion resistance, since maintenance work is often difficult (if not
impossible) to schedule without a shutdown

2.2.4 For upstream, seawater is typically used to cool down the closed loop cooling water. Other
type of medium such as air and refrigerant can also be added to reduce the seawater
circulation rate while maintaining the maximum disposal temperature limit.

2.2.5 For downstream application, once through cooling using seawater, open evaporative cooling
and air fin cooler are typically considered as final heat sink for the closed loop cooling water.
Selection of the heat sink cooler is based on the techno-economics justification.

2.3 CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER QUALITY

2.3.1 The following water quality shall be used for these types of closed loop system:

i. For closed loop cooling water system with outlet temperature of more than 20⁰C
than inlet, the system shall be operated with twin bed demineralised water as
minimum requirement as feedwater.

ii. For chiller systems operating at less than ambient temperature, potable water
may be used as the cooling medium.

2.3.2 The minimum requirement for feed water quality shall be output quality of twin bed
demineralized water system.
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Parameters Quality Required

Conductivity (µS/cm) <10

Turbidity (NTU) <1

pH @ 25oC 5.0 -9.0

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) <5

Total Hardness (µg/l) <10

Chloride (mg/l) <5

Iron (mg/l) <1

Zinc (mg/l) <1

Sulphate (mg/l) <1

Oxygen(mg/l) Ambient/ More than 3

Table 2.1: Feed water Quality

2.3.3 The recirculating water quality shall be maintained as Table 2.2 to achieve the target KPIs as
per Table 2.3.

Monitoring Parameters Units Control Limit

pH at 25oC 8.5 to 10.0 *

Nitrite mg/l 600 to 1200 *

Molybdate mg/l 200 to 350 *

Azole (if copper alloy used) mg/l 1 to 2

Total Iron mg/l <2

Turbidity NTU < 15

*Note: Control limit to be adjusted based on OPU Specific treatment program
Table 2.2: Recirculating Cooling Water Quality

Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Units Control Limit

Corrosion Rate (mild steel) mpy <2

Corrosion Rate (copper) mpy < 0.2

Total Bacteria Count (TBC) cfu/ml < 1000

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Sulfate Reducing Bacteria cfu/ml Non Detectable

Iron Reducing Bacteria cfu/ml Non Detectable

Table 2.3: Recirculating Cooling Water KPI

2.3.4 A proper monitoring programme shall be in place to ensure all monitoring parameters are
within the control limit to achieve all the KPIs in Table 2.3.

2.3.5 Seawater for heat sink cooler shall be treated for macro fouling and strainer size should be
maximum 250 microns.

2.3.6 To avoid freezing in a liquid filled cooling medium system, the following two options are
possible:
i. The cooling medium shall have a freezing point of at least 5oC below the minimum
ambient temperature.
ii. Cooling medium with freezing point above minimum ambient conditions may only
be selected subject to approval by Owner. An evaluation of consequences
(operating and maintenance of a large number of heat trace circuits, filling and
drainage requirements, use of corrosion inhibitor and other chemicals in the
cooling circuit) shall be performed.

2.3.7 In cold climates and freezing process conditions, an antifreeze such as ethylene glycol or tri-
ethylene glycol (typically 30 % concentration by weight) should be considered. Methanol can
also be considered due to its lower temperature properties.

2.3.8 Glycol and methanol are hazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions shall be incorporated
into designs to ensure the safety of personnel involved in handling and operations. Refer PTS
16.52.03.
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2.4 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.4.1 The closed loop cooling water system shall be designed to remove the maximum combined
heat load from the end-users at specified maximum heat sink temperature requirement prior
to disposal.

2.4.2 The closed loop cooling water system design should allow connecting future end-users
without shut-down of the main loop.

2.4.3 The system design shall allow the system to be drained and filled/ topped-up with fresh feed
water make-up without shut-down for the full range from maximum to minimum ambient
temperatures defined for the location.

2.4.4 Adequate number of vent valves, drain valves and block valves shall be provided for safe
operation and maintenance of some part of the system without shut-down of the main loop.

2.4.5 Solar radiation or sub-zero temperatures shall not result in loss of containment or damage of
system equipment and components, therefore, adequate winterizing measures shall be
provided. Refer PTS 16.53.01.

2.4.6 Material selection and corrosion protection study shall be conducted to maintain the required
cooling water quality such that the design life of the closed loop cooling water system can be
achieved. Special fit-for-purpose material selection for piping and heat exchanger shall be
considered when using sea water as the heat sink medium. For material selection, refer to PTS
15.04.01.

2.4.7 The system shall be designed in such a way that water hammer is avoided at pump start up
and shut down such that the system, including pressure relief device e.g. rupture discs (if any),
can withstand the maximum water hammer pressure.

2.4.8 For upstream application, closed loop cooling water systems shall be connected to a flare
system to cater for tube leak/ rupture from high pressure end-users. Hydrocarbon detector
shall be provided on the expansion vessel to detect potential process gas leak.

2.4.9 Flow, pressure and temperature measurements shall be provided for performance
monitoring.

2.4.10 Operating pressure of the closed loop cooling water shall be maintained high enough to
prevent the onset of boiling. The cooling water outlet pressure i.e. cooling water outlet of end
user heat exchanger shall be taken as the measure which must equal or exceed the pressure
required to suppress boiling and higher than:
i. the cooling water vapour pressure/ saturation pressure at the maximum
exchanger process/ hot side inlet temperature, to ensure that the cooling water
does not boil during low flow or turndown conditions; and
ii. the seawater pressure, to prevent potential seawater contamination of the
closed cooling water due to leak at the cooling water heat sink.
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2.5 EXPANSION VESSEL

2.5.1 Design requirements

Expansion vessel shall be designed to allow liquid thermal expansion during heating from
minimum ambient temperature to maximum operating temperature.
i. Orientation and Configuration
a) For a closed loop cooling water system serving multiple end-users or
operating with end-user’s fluid in the gas phase or that could vaporise
upon tube rupture and enter the closed cooling loop, the following shall
apply:
 The expansion vessel should be horizontal.
 The expansion vessel shall be of flow-through design, meaning
that the combined return flow from the end-users is returned to
the expansion vessel and the suction of the circulation pumps is
fed from the expansion vessel.
 The expansion vessel shall be located at the highest elevation in
the system.
 Nitrogen shall be provided as blanket gas to maintain operating
pressure in the expansion tank. When using molybdate treatment
as corrosion inhibitor, instrument air or plant air may be
considered as blanket gas if there is no possibility of flammable
gas ingress.
 Hydrocarbon gas shall not be used to blanket the expansion
vessel.
 The supply of nitrogen and vent to flare should be split-range
pressure controlled.
b) For a closed loop cooling water system requiring low expansion volume
serving end-user(s) that has process fluid that remains in the liquid phase
upon exchanger leakage and enters the closed cooling loop, the following
may apply:
 The expansion vessel shall be a flow through design to avoid
stagnation.
 The expansion vessel may be of the so-called “cold-leg” design
where vessel is connected only with a single pipe to the
circulating system and the fluid in the vessel and pipe is almost
stagnant. The connection is at the return line to the suction of the
circulation pumps.
 The expansion vessel should be located at the highest elevation
in the system.
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ii. Vessel Sizing Criteria

a) For a closed loop cooling water system serving multiple end-users or
operating with consumer’s fluid in the gas phase or that could vaporise
upon tube rupture, the following shall apply:
 The design shall follow the design rules per PTS 16.52.09 except
for amendments made here.
 The expansion vessel shall be horizontal if specified for degassing.
 The maximum flow velocity in the fluid return nozzle (expansion
vessel inlet nozzle) shall be 3 m/s.
 The return fluid shall be introduced below normal liquid level
with an elbow that should enter via the bottom of the expansion
vessel and that directs the flow horizontal towards the vessel
head and with top of pipe at normal level.
 The diameter of the fluid outlet nozzles to the suction of the
circulation pumps shall be based on PTS 12.30.02 as long as the
pressure drop remains low enough so that at low trip level, the
requirements for the pump NPSH margin are met at maximum
capacity.
 The volume between low (alarm) level (LAL) and high (alarm) level
(LAH) shall be calculated as the total of system volume expansion
from minimum ambient to maximum operating temperature plus
with the volume to allow filling and re-commissioning of the
largest connected end user, and plus additional of 20% from total
sum above.
 The volume between LAL and LZA-LL shall also be large enough to
allow system volume shrinkage from maximum operating
temperature to minimum ambient temperature.
b) For a small closed loop cooling water system serving end-user(s) with a
fluid that remains in the liquid phase upon exchanger leakage and that
has a “cold-leg” expansion vessel, the following shall apply:
 The volume between LAL and LAH shall be calculated as the
expansion of the system volume from minimum ambient to
maximum operating temperature, plus an additional of 100 %.
 The vessel shall connect to the suction line of the circulation
pumps with the same diameter as the suction line.
 In case a LZA-LL is specified, the volume between LAL and LZA-LL
shall also be large enough to allow system volume shrinkage from
maximum operating temperature to minimum ambient
temperature.
c) The initial fill level at LAL shall be clearly indicated on the P&ID and clearly
marked on the vessel.
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2.6 CIRCULATION PUMPS

2.6.1 Design requirements

i. Centrifugal pump types shall be selected for circulation pumps according to
PTS 12.11.01
ii. The pump sparing philosophy is N+1, meaning at least one spare pump shall be
provided.
iii. The number of pumps shall be selected based on operability/turndown
requirements. The spare pump shall start automatically in the event the running
pump stops and/or in case of low supply/ discharge pressure except when the
running pump stop is initiated by LZA-LL, start of the spare/standby pump shall be
inhibited.
iv. Drivers for upstream facilities shall be electric motors with independent power
supply. For downstream, electric motors or steam driver can be selected
depending on reliability criteria.
v. Pumps of closed loop cooling water systems that serve critical or vital equipment
that are required to operate in emergency and/or black start situations shall be
connected to the emergency power supply generators.
vi. The circulation pumps may be driven with a variable speed drive system according
to PTS 13.22.01
vii. Minimum flow protection to the pump(s) shall be provided if the flow to the end-
users can be stopped or reduced below the pump(s) minimum flow. In case of
more than one running pump is required for normal operation, the minimum
process flow should be verified to be higher than the summed minimum flow of
the pumps.

2.7 COOLING WATER HEAT SINK COOLER

2.7.1 Design requirements

i. The sparing philosophy for the cooling water heat sink cooler shall be N+1. For
single end-user such as a gas turbine package, a steam turbine package, or an
instrument air compressor package, the heat sink cooler may be specified as N as
long as the specified availability of that consumer is met.
ii. The closed loop cooling water heat sink cooler should be located in the supply
header to end-users and shall be located at low elevation to reduce seawater
pumping and avoid looping for the piping.
iii. Plate-and-frame type heat exchanger together with suitable filter is preferred and
shall be designed as per PTS 12.21.03. Other heat exchangers with suitable filter
may be suitable. For shell-and-tube heat exchangers, refer to PTS 12.21.01. PCHE
with suitable filter shall be selected in accordance with PTS 12.21.05.
iv. Cooling medium heat sink coolers should be designed for maintenance at
location. Lifting devices shall be installed for dismantling and transportation.
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2.8 END-USER HEAT EXCHANGERS (PROCESS COOLERS)

Selection of Heat Exchangers type used for end-user is excluded in this PTS.

2.8.1 General requirements

i. The margin for fouling at the closed loop cooling water system side shall be in
accordance with PTS 16.12.01.
ii. Heat exchangers with process fluids operating at a pressure that is higher than
that of the closed loop cooling water system shall be located as close as
practicable to the expansion vessel.
iii. The consequences of a heat exchanger internal failure case shall be evaluated as
specified in PTS 16.53.01.

2.9 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

2.9.1 Design requirements

i. The process control strategy and instrumentation provided on the closed loop
cooling water system shall allow for minimum operator intervention and
sufficient performance indicators to monitor the closed loop cooling water
system’s functionality and the quality of the circulating cooling water. The system
shall have adequate instruments to measure Key Performance Indicators (i.e.
Corrosion Rate) and Monitoring Parameters (i.e. pH, conductivity, chloride, and
other parameters specified by chemical vendors).
ii. The control strategy and instrumentation shall allow maximum heat input and
turndown of heat input from the end-users without operator intervention at
minimum and maximum environmental conditions.
iii. The control strategy and instrumentation shall include, but not limited to, the
following:
a) Instrumentation shall be provided at heat sink cooler and critical process
coolers to assess the heat exchanger performance.
b) A temperature-high alarm shall be provided if required to meet
constraints of the circulating cooling water.
c) The temperature of the circulating water may be limited to avoid scaling
at the sea water system side
d) Make-up of cooling water to the system should be initiated by the control
room operator.
e) Temperature Control Valve (TCV) shall be provided at the process side or
from the end-user heat exchanger. For seawater, it should be set to
manual mode during commissioning and start-up phase, and set with a
minimum stop as high as practically allowable during normal operation to
ensure constant flow of coolant through the heat exchanger. Typically, the
minimum stop may be set at 30%-50%.
f) Other measurement and control requirements specified in this PTS.
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iv. The following instruments shall be in place for a closed loop cooling water system:
Location Instrument Action

Expansion vessel Level indicator Low/high level alarms in

control room
Low/low level
shutdown of
circulation pumps
Pressure indicator High/high level
High/low pressure alarms
controller in control
shutdown room
High/High pressure
shutdown.
Hydrocarbon detector Alarm in control room
Circulation pump Pressure indicator Low pressure alarm in
discharge control room with start of
header stand-by pump (if fitted)
Flowrate indicator
Cooling medium Temperature indicator High temperature alarm
distribution in control room
header or circulation
pump discharge
Heat Sink cooler Differential Pressure
Indicator for both the
cooling water and
seawater side
Temperature Indicator for
both the cooling water
and seawater side (inlet
and outlet)
Outlet of cooling medium High salinity or Alarm in control room
from heat sink cooler chloride ions detector
End User Heat Exchanger Differential Pressure
(Process Coolers) Indicator for both the
cooling water and
process/ hot side
Temperature Indicator for
both the cooling water
and process/ hot side
(inlet and outlet)
Table 2.4: Alarms and shutdowns for closed loop cooling water system
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2.10 MISCELLANEOUS

2.10.1 Filtration
Design requirements of filtration as below:
i. Suitable inlet strainers shall be provided to equipment that requires protection
from large particles.
ii. If PCHE is used as the end-user heat exchanger, inlet strainers shall be connected
to short pipe spools adjoining the heat exchangers as close to the exchanger inlet
as possible. Pressure drop monitors across each strainer shall form part of the
instrumentation set-up to confirm the integrity of the strainer (mesh) and
indicative of the level of fouling/particulate build up. This shall be independent
from additional pressure drop monitors across each heat exchanger. The heat
exchanger vendor shall be consulted regarding filtration grade.
iii. Slip stream filtration shall be provided from the circulation pump discharge.
Location of the SSF vessel should be as close as possible to enable return of the
SSF outlet to the expansion tank. The recommended SSF type would be of the
cartridge type.
iv. Filtration flow shall be maintained between 3 to 5% of the main loop flow.
Typically for upstream, the filtration flow should be 10% of main loop flow. Higher
flows clean up more quickly and the flow can be turned down for continuing
operational polishing.
v. A spare filter with filter elements which can be replaced while the closed loop
cooling water system is in operation should be provided.
vi. The filtering efficiency of the elements should be around 95 – 98% at 1 – 10 micron
particle size – the better the filtration, the cleaner the system will be and the
lower the ‘wear and tear’.
vii. The filter isolation valves shall allow service without disturbing operation of the
rest of the closed loop cooling water system.
viii. A pressure-differential indicator shall be provided to indicate fouling.
ix. Temporary strainer shall be used for all pre-start up activities. Connections on the
main supply or return line shall be provided for the connection of temporary
filters that can pass a large part or all the circulating cooling water during pre-
commissioning and commissioning phase.
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2.10.2 Sampling points and quality analysers

i. A sampling point shall be provided downstream of the closed loop cooling water
cooler to take samples of the circulating cooling fluid. The sampling point shall be
located at a point that allows taking representative samples from the bulk flow of
the cooling fluid.
ii. A sampling point shall be provided downstream of each end-user heat exchanger
that has a process fluid with the potential to contaminate the closed loop cooling
water system, to allow detection of a leak.
iii. Quality analysers should be provided that can continuously measure the pH and
the direct conductivity of the water.
iv. LEL gas detector shall be evaluated for detection of flammable gas release due to
hydrocarbon contamination in water. Detector should be installed at highest
point of the cooling loop to effectively capture gas release. However, some
dissolved HC in low concentration (ppmv) may not be evaporated as gas and thus
regular manual sampling should be performed to determine TOC contamination.
v. Analysers and sampling points should be designed to minimize loss of cooling fluid
from the cooling water system.
vi. Corrosion coupon rack or corrosion probe shall be installed at the return line to
monitor the corrosion rate activity. Type of corrosion coupon or corrosion probe
shall be based on the material used in the heat exchanger.
vii. A periodic review of the sample analysis must be logged and compared to standard
specification. A weekly review should be carried out

2.10.3 Chemical treatment

i. A chemical treatment programme for passivation during commissioning and for
control of corrosion and biological fouling in the cooling water system during
operation shall be applied to achieve the required service life of the system.
ii. The following chemical injection systems shall be provided for closed loop cooling
water system as a minimum:
a) pH Adjuster
b) Corrosion Inhibitors
c) Biocides (i.e. Non-Oxidizing type)
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iii. Cooling water chemical must be suitable for the full temperature range between
ambient and maximum exchanger process / hot side inlet temperature. Chemicals
that are prone to thermal breakdown or can form scale below the heat exchanger
design temperature shall be avoided.
iv. The chemical treatment programme sourced from a Supplier shall have evidence
of proven track record. Deploying such a programme shall require approval from
the TA.
v. A chemical dosing skid with chemical tank, dosing pumps and chemical injection
facilities shall be provided
vi. The dosing skid shall be designed for safe dosing of chemicals, minimizing
operator exposure to these chemicals.
vii. If permanently installed dosing pumps are required, these shall be selected
according PTS 12.11.01.
viii. One spare dosing pump should be installed.
ix. Higher concentration of corrosion inhibitor by 50% to 60% more than normal
dosage shall be applied for passivation during initial commissioning and re-
passivation after Turnaround.

2.10.4 Storage/Feedwater Tank

i. Storage for circulating cooling fluid should be provided.
ii. For larger closed loop cooling water systems the following applies:
a) In case a cooling water system uses low conductivity water as the
circulating cooling fluid, the storage can be the site storage tank.
b) The cooling water storage volume should be a minimum 20% of the
system volume.
c) A nitrogen blanket shall be installed on the storage tank, if required to
ensure the quality of the fluid especially demineralized water.
Hydrocarbon gas shall not be used to blanket the tank as this is source of
food for microorganisms to proliferate and it may contain acidic gases
which will depress the pH and affect the cooling water treatment
program.
d) A single make-up pump plus one maintenance (warehouse) spare shall be
provided.
 PTS 16.39.10
CLOSED LOOP COOLING WATER SYSTEM DESIGN November 2017
Page 20 of 21

2.10.5 Material of construction

i. The closed loop cooling water system design should be based on equipment and
piping made of carbon steel, however, application of non-metallic materials may
be proposed by the Contractor subject to approval from the TA.
ii. A corrosion allowance shall be applied to all system components, including the
end-users, in order to meet the intended service life.
iii. Special attention is required to ensure that the material selected in the heat
exchanges of end-users also matches the requirements of the circulating cooling
fluid, and the overall cooling water system design.
iv. The materials of the closed loop cooling water cooler may be of higher grade steel
or higher grade materials due to the Manufacturer’s standard such as for plate-
and-frame heat exchangers or because of the corrosive behaviour of the sea
water.

2.10.6 Piping
i. Piping shall meet the requirements of PTS 12.30.02.
ii. The piping routing and lay-out shall avoid sections of piping where flow can be
stagnant (dead zones) to minimise areas were biological activity can proliferate
and biocide is ineffective due to the no-flow condition.
iii. Isolation valves shall be provided at the process equipment and filter to allow
isolation and maintenance without shutdown of the whole cooling water system.
 PTS 16.39.10
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Page 21 of 21

3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards/Publications. Unless specifically

designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements/revisions thereto:

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01
PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & PTS 00.01.03
Reading Guide
Pumps – Types Selection and Basic Design Requirements PTS 12.11.01
Heat Exchangers - Shell and Tube Type PTS 12.21.01
Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers PTS 12.21.03
Heat Exchanger – Printed Circuit (PCHE) Type PTS 12.21.05
Piping - General requirements PTS 12.30.02
Electrical variable speed drive systems PTS 13.22.01
Corrosion Management PTS 15.04.01
Heat Transfer Equipment Fouling Factor PTS 16.12.01
Chemical Injection Systems PTS 16.52.03
Separator: 2- Phase PTS 16.52.09
Overpressure and under pressure - Prevention and protection PTS 16.53.01