NSTP Common Module Etymology of Disaster

The topics:
*drug education
*citizenship training
*disaster preparedness, awareness and management
*environmental protection ,
*other national security concerns
Roots in the belief that the positions of stars influence the
Instructor
fate of humans, often in destructive ways; its original
TSG BENSON KENNETH CS YAP, RN, EMT, SO1 PA (RES)
meaning in English was "an unfavorable aspect of a
planet or star", "ill-starred", "not favored by the stars" or "ill-
Presentation Content:
fated."
1. Introduction to Disaster
Philippines Geographic Profile
WV - Iloilo Geographic Profile Main Types of Disaster
2. RA 10121 DRRM Act of 2010 1. Natural Disasters
3. DMS 4 Thematic Areas 2. Man-Made Disasters
4. Youth Roles in Disaster 3. Hybrid Disasters

Introduction
Destruction on destruction is creid; for the whole land is laid
waste: suddenly are my tenants destroyed, (and) my curtains
in a moment.

Let us not focus on things that are temporary; for time may
come they may be taken away. Choose hope and comfort
shall come.
WEB Jeremiah 4:20

Objectives
The ultimate objective of this presentation is to acquire NATURAL DISASTERS
the A natural disaster is a natural process or phenomenon
basic knowledge on disaster risk reduction, its implication that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
on disaster risk that involves hazards, vulnerability, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
exposure and capacity. and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
By the end of an hour of this presentation, participants
would be able to: Natural Disasters Classification
• Enhance knowledge regarding concepts, principles, • Geophysical (i.e. Earthquakes, Landslides
structures and priority actions relative to Philippine and Debris Flow, Tsunamis and Volcanic
Disaster Management System. Activity)
• Identify risk reduction and preparedness activities that • Hydrological (i.e. Avalanches, Floods and
will reduce vulnerability, mitigate the impact of Sinkholes)
emergencies. • Climatological (i.e. Extreme Temperatures,
• Garner the knowledge in the types of hazards both Thunderstorms and Lightning, Drought and
natural and man-made they are exposed to. Wildfires, and Winter and Ice Storms)
• Acquire knowledge and skills that will be beneficial in Natural Disasters Classification
their well-being and in turn the community as a whole. • Meteorological (i.e. Hurricanes, Tornadoes,
• Learn some basic knowledge, skills and attitude in Cyclones and Tropical Storms/Wave Surges)
dealing or responding to emergencies. • Disease Outbreaks (i.e. Epidemics)
• Value involvement and participation in the community • Common Source
and the country as whole especially when disasters • Propagated or Progressive Epidemics
occur. • Mixed Epidemics

Definition of a Disaster 1. GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS (Earthquakes, Landslides and

• A serious disruption of the functioning of a Debris Flow, Tsunamis and Volcanic Activity)
community or society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental Geophysical: EARTHQUAKES
losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of • A shaking or trembling of the earth that is volcanic
the affected community or society to cope with or tectonic in origin. (Webster)
using its own resources. (United Nations Office for • Also known as a quake, tremor or temblor is the shaking
Disaster Risk Reduction) of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden
release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates
seismic waves. The seismicity, or seismic activity, of an
area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes
experienced over a particular time period.
How do EARTHQUAKES happen?
When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction,
there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that
travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking
that we feel.

Types of EARTHQUAKES
a) Tectonic earthquakes are produced by sudden
Faults/Fault Lines
movement along faults and plate boundaries.
• Fractures in Earth's crust where rocks on either side of
b) Volcanic earthquakes are induced by rising lava or
the crack have slid past each other. Sometimes the
magma beneath active volcanoes.
cracks are tiny, as thin as hair, with barely noticeable
c) Explosion earthquakes related to volcanic events, and
movement between the rock layers.
they occur (beneath the crater) with volcanic explosions. It
can also happen during nuclear tests.

d) Collapse earthquakes are small earthquakes in

underground caverns and mines that are caused by
seismic waves produced from the explosion of rock on
the surface.

Anatomy of EARTHQUAKES
• Fault Lines refer to the gap between tectonic plates
caused by plate movement.
• Focus is the point earthquake begins.
• Epicenter is the point in the ground level directly above
the focus.
• Seismic Waves are vibrations rapidly moving from
direction of the focus
 Measuring the Strength of an Earthquake
1. Magnitude is proportional to the energy released by an
earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from
earthquakes recorded by an instrument called
seismograph. It is represented by Arabic Numbers
(e.g. 4.8, 9.0).
2. Intensity is the strength of an earthquake as perceived
and felt by people in a certain locality. It is a numerical
rating based on the relative effects to people, objects,
environment, and structures in the surrounding. The
intensity is generally higher near the epicenter. It is
represented by Roman Numerals (e.g. II, IV, IX). In the
Philippines, the intensity of an earthquake is determined
using the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS).

Seismometer
• Instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking
caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
explosions. Usually combined with a timing device and a
recording device to form a seismograph. The output is
recorded and processed digitally as a seismogram. Such
data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes,
and to study the Earth's
internal structure.

PHIVOLCS
• Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology(Department of Science and Technology)
• Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya
• Monitors volcano, earthquake, and tsunami activity,
and issues warnings as necessary. It is mandated
Seismic Waves to mitigate disasters that may arise from such
• Waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers, and volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and
are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma other related geotectonic phenomena.
movement, large landslides and large man-made
explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy. PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
Earthquake Monitoring System
• At present, PHIVOLCS operates 115 (May 2022) seismic
monitoring stations all over the Philippines. These
stations are equipped with seismometers that detect and
record earthquakes. Data is sent to the PHIVOLCS Data
Receiving Center (DRC) to determine earthquake
parameters such as magnitude, depth of focus and
epicenter. Together with reported felt intensities in the
area (if any), earthquake information is released once
these data are determined.
EARTHQUAKE INFO
SEISMIC NETWORK
 • Depth: 15 km (9 mi)
• Epicenter: 10°48′00′′N 122°17′42′′E (Vicinity of
Cadabdab, Tubungan)
• Structural Collapse, Tsunami (Oton to San Joaquin),
Landslides
• 21 Killed, 43 Injured
Source: USGS

Destructive Earthquakes Philippines

• 1968 August 02 Casiguran Earthquake Ms: 7.3 Mb: 5.9
(ISC) Killed 270, Injured 261
• 1973 March 17 Ragay Gulf Earthquake Ms: 7.1 Dead 15;
Injured 100
• 1976 August 17 Moro Gulf Earthquake Mw: 8.1 Dead
4,751, Missing 2,288, Injured 9,926
• 1983 August 17 Laoag Earthquake Ms: 6.5 Dead 16;
Injured 47
• 1990 February 08 Bohol Earthquake Ms: 6.8 Dead 6; Earthquake Related Hazards
Injured 200; Displaced 46,000 • Landslides and Ground Subsidence
• 1990 June 14 Panay Earthquake Ms: 6.1 Killed 8; Injured • Flooding and Water-related Hazards
41 • Damage to Man-made Structures
• 1996 May 27 Bohol Earthquake Ms: 5.6 • Lava flows, Pyroclastics and Lahars
• 1999 June 07 Earthquakes in Agusan del Sur Ms: 5.1
• 2002 March 06 Ms 6.8 Palimbang Earthquake Dead 8; Earthquake Related: SUBSIDENCE
Injured 41; Affected 7,684 families • Earthquake related hazard.
• A gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth’s
Deadliest Earthquakes Philippines surface
• 1968 August 02 Casiguran Earthquake owing to subsurface movement of earth materials.
– Ms: 7.3 Mb: 5.9 (ISC) Killed 270; Injured 261 Principal causes are aquifer-system compaction,
• 1976 August 17 Moro Gulf Earthquake drainage
– Mw: 8.1 Dead 4,751; Missing 2,288; Injured 9,926 of organic soils, underground mining,
• 1990 July 16 Luzon Earthquake hydrocompaction,
– Mw: 7.8 Dead 1,621; Injured 3,513; Missing 321 missing; natural compaction, sinkholes, and thawing
Displaced 126,035 permafrost.
• 1994 November 15 Mindoro Earthquake
– Mw: 7.1 Dead 78 Earthquake Related: SEICHES
• 2013 October 15 Bohol Earthquake • Earthquake related hazard.
– Mw: 7.2 Dead 222; Missing 8; Injured 976 • Oscillating waves that produce major fluctuations in
the water level. Series of standing waves in a fully- or
1948 Lady Caycay Earthquake partially-enclosed body of water caused by
• TOI/DOI: 1:46 a.m. 1948 January 25 earthquakes
• Duration: 3 minutes or landslides.
• Magnitude: 7.8 Mw
Earthquake Related: LIQUEFACTION
• Earthquake related hazard.
• Similar to subsidence but occurs when sediments
are saturated with water. While these events can
occur naturally, they are usually aggravated by
earthquakes.

Geophysical: TSUNAMI
• Giant waves produced when a fault displaces a large
slab of the ocean floor. Nearly undetectable in the open
ocean, but once tsunamis reach shallow waters, wave
height increases dramatically and can reach up to 30 m.

Philippine Tsunami Network

The Intitute's National Tsunami Monitoring and

Early Warning
• Operate and maintain an effective tsunami monitoring
and communication system;
• Monitor all tsunami events that may affect the
Philippines for timely issuance of tsunami advisories and
warnings;
• Develop a tsunami database with expected
wavelengths and arrival times at certain forecast points;
and
• Release tsunami information in time based on Standard
Operating Procedures.
 Geophysical: ROCKSLIDE
• A type of landslide caused by rock failure in
which part of the bedding plane of failure passes
through compacted rock and material collapses en
masse and not in individual blocks.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION
• A volcano is an opening or rupture in the earth's
surface that allows magma (hot liquid and semi-liquid
rock), volcanic ash and gases to escape. A volcanic
eruption is when lava and gas are released from a
volcano—sometimes explosively. (TAAL MAYON BULUSAN
KANLAON)

Geophysical: LANDSLIDE
• Form of mass wasting where large amounts of
earth move down a slope under the influence of MAGMA &PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS
gravity. They can have devastating effects
especially in heavily populated areas near
hillsides or mountain slopes.
➢ Typhoon Quinta (2020)
•Panay, Western Visayas
•Highest wind speed: 195 km/h
•Date: 22 – 30 October 22, 2020
•4 incidents of landslide and erosion in Aklan; 13
incidents in Antique; and 10 in Iloilo
•Infrastructure Damage
Landslide Mitigation Technique
•Brick, Stone, or Block Retaining Wall
•Concrete Retaining Wall
•Soil or Rock Nailing
•Dewatering Slopes
•Ground Anchor

Geophysical: MUDSLIDE
• Develop when water rapidly accumulates in
the ground and results in a surge of water-
saturated rock, earth, and debris. Usually start on
steep slopes and can be activated by natural
disasters.
➢ 2006 Southern Leyte mudslide
•Guinsaugon, St. Bernard, Southern
Leyte
•M: 2.6
•Dead 1,126
•logging and mining done in the area three
decades ago
•"dangerous combination" that produced a "classic
landslide scenario"
PHILIPPINE VOLCANOES Mount Mayon, Albay
23 January 2018
Alert Level 4
Phreatic Eruption
January 13, 2018, at
4:21 pm (PST)

Mount Bulusan, Sorsogon

Taal Volcano, Batangas 5 June 2022 phreatic eruption
2:30pm 12 January 2020 180 individuals evacuated
39 Dead
16,174 families or 70,413
individuals
Source: Shutterstock
Between January 29 and 30, 2022, had nine
phreatomagmatic bursts on its main crater.
13 January 2020

Mt. Madja-as(Central Panay Mountain Range)

Large dormant volcano and the highest peak in the
island of Panay, in the Philippines. 2nd highest mountain
in the Visayas, after Mount Kanlaon on Negros Island.
With an elevation of 6,946 feet (2,117 meters) above sea
level, it is the 63rd-highest peak of an island on Earth and
the 9th-most prominent mountain in the Philippines. The
mountain is famous for its "sea of clouds" and for its
diverse flora and fauna, mossy forest and 14 waterfalls
down to its slopes.
2. HYDROLOGICAL HAZARDS(Floods and Sinkholes)

DOST-PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration)
• Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko,
Heopisiko at Astronomiko
• The National Meteorological and Hydrological Services TYPES OF SINKHOLES
(NMHS) -agency of the Philippines mandated to provide 1. Artificial
protection against natural calamities and to insure the 2. Natural
safety, well-being and economic security of all the
people, and for the promotion of national progress by 3. CLIMATOLOGICAL HAZARDS (Extreme Temperatures,
undertaking scientific and technological services in Thunderstorms and Lightning, Drought and Wildfires)
meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and
other geophysical sciences.
Climatological: CLIMATE CHANGE
It refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather
patterns. These shifts may be natural, but since the
1800s, human activities have been the main driver of
Hydrological: FLOODS climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels
Climate change increased rainfall and extreme weather (like coal, oil and gas), which produces heat-trapping
events increases the severity of other causes for flooding, gases.
resulting in more intense floods and increased flood risk.
An overflow of water that submerges land that is usually
dry.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

MINES AND GEOSCIENCES BUREAU(MGB)
• Kawanihan ng Pagmimina at Agham-Panlupa
• The MGB is responsible for the conservation, management,
development and use of the country's mineral resources,
including those in reservations and public lands.
• The Lands Geological Survey division does basic geological
mapping, which serves as input for mineral exploration,
energy exploration, water resources, geohazard assessment,
engineering geology, environmental geology, and urban
planning.

Hydrological: SINKHOLES
Sudden sinking of the Earth’s surface due to the movement
of the earth underneath most often caused by the removal
of water, oil, natural gas, or mineral resources out of the
ground by pumping, fracking, or mining activities.
 Hurricane, Typhoon, Cyclone
Depending on its location and strength, a tropical
cyclone is referred to by different names, including
hurricane (/ˈhʌrɪkən, -keɪn/), typhoon (/taɪˈfuːn/), tropical
storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply
cyclone.
Deadliest Typhoon in the Philippines
Typhoon Odette (Rai)
• Duration: 11-21 December 2021
• Area Affected: Federated States of Micronesia, Palau,
Philippines, Vietnam, South China, Hong Kong, Macau
• 410 total, 80 missing (405 dead in Philippines)
• NOI: death by drowning, flying debris, falling structures,
electrocution
• Western Visayas: 19 dead, 15 Negros Occidental
• Guimaras -2, Miag-ao- 1 & Iloilo City - 1 dead
Source: NDRRC, LDRRMOs, Newsreels
Typhoon Yolanda (Haian)
• Duration: 3 - 11 November 2013
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - naturally occurring • Area Affected: Micronesia, Philippines, South China,
phenomenon of the climate system resulting from the Vietnam, Taiwan, Palau
interaction of between the ocean and atmosphere in • 1,371 deaths and leaving 87 people missing
the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. • NOI: storm surge
PAGASA ENSO Alert System Status • 6,300 people were killed, a further 1,062 were missing,
PAGASA: La Niña re-strengthened, and is forecasted to 28,688 were injured, about 20,000 displaced
continue until DJF 2022-2023 (~60%) with ENSO neutral • Western Visayas: 294 dead, 28 missing, 2,067 missing
conditions thereafter. (updated 24 August) --------- La Source: NDRRC, LDRRMOs, etc.
Nina increases the likelihood of having above normal
rainfall conditions that could lead to potential adverse Meteorological Hazard:STORM SURGE
impacts (such as heavy rainfall, floods, landslides) over Storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or
highly vulnerable areas. tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly
associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as
Climatological: HEAT WAVE cyclones.
A period of excessively hot weather, which may be Storm Surge + Normal Tide = Storm Tide
accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic
climate countries. Usually measured relative to the usual
climate in the area and relative to normal temperatures
for the season.
HEAT INDEX - also known as the apparent temperature, is
what the temperature feels like to the human
body when relative humidity is combined with
the air temperature.

Climatological: HEAVY RAINS

Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is a band of low
pressure around the Earth which generally lies near to the
equator. The trade winds of the northern and southern
hemispheres come together here, which leads to the
development of frequent thunderstorms and heavy rain.
8 July 2022

Climatological: THUNDERSTORMS
An electrical storm or a lightning storm, characterized
by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on
the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively
weak thunderstorms are sometimes called
thundershowers.

4. METEOROLOgICAL HAZARDS (Hurricanes, Tornadoes,

Cyclones and Tropical Storms/Wave Surges)

Meteorological Hazard:TROPICAL CYCLONE

A rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-
pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric
circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement
of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or squalls.
 En-Epi-Pan -Demic
ENDEMIC
Greek ἐν, en, "in, within" and δῆμος, demos, "people".
Infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a
geographic area without external inputs.

EPIDEMIC
Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos
"people".Rapid spread of disease to a large number of
hosts in a given population within a short period of time.
PANDEMIC
Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "local people"
the 'crowd'. An epidemic of an infectious disease that
has spread across a large region - multiple continents or
worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.

Meteorological Hazard:DERECHO
A derecho is a widespread, long-lived wind storm that is
associated with a band of rapidly moving showers or Outbreak of Concern
thunderstorms.The word derecho means • Cholera
“straight ahead” in Spanish. • Dengue fever
• Influenza
5. DISEASE OUTBREAKS(Epidemics) • Typhus
• Smallpox
DISEASE OUTBREAK • Measles
A sudden increase in occurrences of a disease • Tuberculosis
when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the • Leprosy
location or season. It may affect a small and localized • Malaria
group or impact upon thousands of people across • Yellow fever
an entire continent. • Viral hemorrhagic fevers (i.e. Ebola virus disease, Lassa
fever, Rift Valley fever, Marburg virus disease)
• Coronaviruses
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
• Influenza
• H5N1 (Avian flu)
• Zika virus

Patient Zero
Index case is the first documented patient in a disease
epidemic within a population, or the first documented
patient included in an epidemiological study. It can also
refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not
necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical
literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the
first person affected.
Worst Epidemic / PandemicEpidemic/PandemicDisease
Death toll Date Location
MAN-MADE DISASTERS

Human-instigated disasters are the consequence of

technological or human hazards.
Examples: war, social unrest, stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, conflicts, oil spills, terrorist
attacks, nuclear explosions/ nuclear radiation.

MAN-MADE or Artificial Disasters

Man-made disasters have an element of human intent,
negligence, or error involving a failure of a man-made
system
Causes:
Human-Intent
Human Error
Failed Systems

Man-Made Disasters
1. Violent Conflicts - use of physical force to
resolve competing claims or interests
a.Civil Unrest or Civil Disturbance - an
incident which disrupts a community and
requires intervention to maintain public safety.
(i.e. panic, mass hysteria, demonstrations,
riots, strikes, public nuisances, and criminal
activities
EX. PhilSports Stadium Stampede
•Ultra Stampede / Wowowee Stampede
• Event: First anniversary of Wowowee (ABS-CBN)
• LOI: PhilSports Football and Athletics Stadium,
Pasig
• TOI: 6:00 p.m. DOI: 4 February 2006
• NOI: mass gathering created a stampede
• 30,000 participants = 73 dead, 800 injured
• Source: Newsreels
b.Terrorism - unlawful use of violence and
intimidation, especially against civilians, in the
pursuit of political aims. (i.e. use of use of
CBRNE; hijackings, hostage takings,
kidnappings, mass shootings, car bombings,
and, frequently, suicide bombings)
CBRNE • NOI: significant leak in the pit's drainage tunnel
• Chemical • Worst Mining and Environmental Disasters in
• Biological Philippine History
• Radiological Source: Mining Watch
• Nuclear
• Explosives HYBRID DISASTERS or Mixed Disasters
EX.Siege of Marawi(Battle of Marawi) A man-made disaster combines with the forces of
•Duration: 23 May until 23 October 2017 nature as a result of technical failure or sabotage. It can
•978 militants killed (13 foreigners) be a natural phenomenon, where human intervention
•12 militants captured (1 foreigner) causes disorder that leads to big risk events, resulting in a
•168 government forces killed (12 by friendly fire) disaster that exceeds the capacity of society to respond
•1,400+ government forces wounded to it.
•87 civilians dead (40 due to illness) EXAMPLES
•200,000 civilians displaced Typhoon Frank (Fengshen)• Duration: 17 June -27 June
2008
3. Technological Disaster - originate from technological • Area Affected: Palau, Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau,
or industrial conditions, dangerous procedures, Guangdong
infrastructure failure or human activity. (i.e. cyber-attacks, • 1,371 deaths and leaving 87 people missing
urban or structural fire, arson, explosions, hazmat spills, • NOI: deforestration that created mudslides when
structure collapse or failure, power failure) typhoon hits
a. Transport Disaster • Iloilo - 115,149 affected families or 569,142 persons
b.Environmental Disasters - • Western Visayas - 213 dead and 135 from Iloilo
Source: NDRRC, LDRRMOs, Newsreels
Iloilo-Guimaras Strait Boat Tragedy
A. Transportation Disasters - driver or pilot related • 12:15NN 3 August 2019
incidents due to fatigue, distractions, and inattention • Separate Incidents involving multiple seacrafts
during transport (i.e. road, railroad, marine, aviation) • 28 dead, 59 survivors
• NOI: 10 minutes into the journey heavy rain and
EXAMLPLES strong winds created large waves or squalls that
Sulpicio Lines capsized the vehicles, many of the victims died
•MV Doña Paz Collision as a result of drowning or exposure to the cold
•Route: Tacloban-Catbalogan-Manila Source: CDRRMO, PCG, OCD
•DOI: 20 December 1987
•LOI: Dumali Point, along Tablas Strait, near Marinduque
•NOI: Caught fire and sank after collision with MT Vector A WELL- BALANCED WORKPLACE
•4,374 On Board Fatalities
•25 Survivors
•The World's Worst Peacetime Shipping Disaster in History
•Source: International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Bocaue Pagoda Tragedy
•Event: Bocaue River Pagoda Festival
•LOI: Bocaue, Bulacan
•TOI: 8:15 p.m.-8:50 p.m.
•DOI: 2 July 1993
•NOI: sinking of floating pagoda
•800-1000 devotess
•266 dead from drowning
•Source: Newsreels
Trans-Asia Shipping Lines MV Asia South Korea
•Route: Mandaue, Cebu to Iloilo City, Iloilo
•TOI: 23 December 1999
•LOI: Bantayan Island
•NOI: Overloading, Failuire to safely navigate
•755 On Board
•56 Fatalities
•Source: International Maritime Organization (IMO)

B. Environmental Disasters - extreme events or substances

in the Earth and its ecological system that may cause
adverse consequences resulted from human
manipulation. (i.e. land degradation, deforestation,
desertification, wildland fires, loss of biodiversity, land,
water and air pollution, climate change, sea level rise
and ozone depletion)

EXAMPLES
Marcopper Mining Disaster
• TOI: 24 March 1996
• LOI: Marinduque, MIMAROPA
A Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is clothing or
equipment designed to reduce employee exposure to
chemical, biological, and physical hazards when on a
worksite. It is used to protect employees when
engineering and administrative controls are not
feasible to reduce the risks to acceptable levels.

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010 DRRM Act of 2010

Why the need to have the law?

PD 1566
• Assumes that disasters cannot be avoided
• Most plans were on the provision of relief goods &
infra like dike & flood control systems (reactive)
• Government response was focused on disaster
response
RA 10121
• Transforms & reforms the way
we deal with disasters
• that impact of disasters can be
reduced by addressing the root
cause of disaster risks
• from disaster response to risk
reduction
• emphasis on strengthening
peoples’ capacity to absorb stress
• Proactive and developmental
approach in managing disaster
Ability to anticipate, respond to and recover from.

RA10121 DRRM Act of 2010

An Act
1. Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Management
System
2. Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Framework and
3. Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan, Appropriating funds therefore
and for Other Purposes
Philippine DRRM Milestone

Philippine DRRM Milestone

RA10121 Salient Features

1. NDCC became National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Mgt. Council or NDRRMC
2. Formulation of a National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework and the National Disaster Risk
Reduction Plan
3. Framework for Climate Change Adaptation & Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management
4. RDCC,PDCC,C/MDCC into Local Disaster Risk
Reduction & Management Councils
5. OCD directors as Chair of the Regional Disaster Risk
Reduction & Management Council with Regional
DSWD,DILG,DOST & NEDA as V-Chairs except Mindanao
where the Regional Gov acts as Chair and OCD as
secretariat of the RDRRMC
6. BDCC integrated with the Barangay Development
Council
7. Creation of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction &
Management Office
8. Accreditation, mobilization and protection of Disaster
Volunteers & National Service Reserve Corp, CSO’s and
the Private Sector
9. Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into
school curricula & SK Programs as well as Mandatory
Training for Public Sector Employees
 Who could be liable?
RA10121 Section 21 Individual, corporation, partnership, association, or other
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund juridical entity. There is no qualification or there is no
(LDRRMF). Not less than five percent (5%) of IRA and discrimination or advantage to any other person
estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set aside because an individual or a corporation can be liable.
as the LDRRMF What are the penalties?
⚫ 70% will be used to support disaster risk • Fine (P50,000.00 – P500,000.00);
management activities such as, but not limited to, • The fine will not be less than P50,000.00 and not more
pre-disaster preparedness programs including than
training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, P500,000.00 if found guilty.
supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, • Imprisonment (6 years + 1 day – 12 years; or both); and
and for the payment of premiums on calamity • This is at the discretion of the court.
insurance • Perpetual disqualification and confiscation or forfeiture
⚫ 30% shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) of objects in favor of the government.
or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs • This could be imposed on the public official. In case of
conviction, they will not be qualified to occupy
government office and all the goods will be confiscated
in favor of the government.

Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

NDRRMC - PDRRMC - CDRRMC, MDRRMC - BDRRMC

Declaration: State of Calamity

1. The National Council shall recommend to the President
of the Philippines the declaration of a cluster of
barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions
under a state of calamity, and the lifting thereof, based
on the criteria set by the National Council.
2. The President's declaration may warrant international
humanitarian assistance as deemed necessary.
3. The declaration and lifting of the state of calamity may
also be issued by the local sanggunian, upon the
recommendation of the LDRRMC, based on the results of
the damage assessment and needs analysis.
Disaster Management System
4 Thematic phases 2. Disaster preparedness consists of a set of measures
undertaken in advance by governments, organisations,
communities, or individuals to better respond and cope
with the immediate aftermath of a disaster, whether it be
human-induced or caused by natural hazards.

3. Disaster response refers to the actions taken directly

after a destructive event occurs. This may include, but is
not limited to: Search and rescue efforts. Emergency
health care and injury assessment.

1. Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or

reduce the impacts and risks of hazards through
proactive measures taken before an emergency or
disaster occurs.

4. It entails the restoration, reconstruction, and

implementation of development measures that will
enable affected localities and communities to return to
normalcy and build resiliency from the impact of future
disasters.
Roles of the Youth in Disaster
IMPORTANCE OF DRR
Agent of Change: the Youth can act as change makers
by sharing information they learned in youth
preparedness programs and helping parents and
communities to prepare for disaster, for example by
developing a disaster plan or disaster preparation kit.
The integrated NSTP Reservist units shall act as reliable first
responder groups that will assist DRRM components of the
Local Government Units (LGUs) during disaster and
calamities. They will also serve as prepositioned units
which will spearhead Disaster Preparedness and
Mitigation, and work closely with the LGUs and local
populace.