Experiment 1.
MEASUREMENT OF BASIC
LENGTH
Full name: Bùi Tuấn Minh
Student ID: 20237018
Class ID: 741042
1. Experimental result
1.1. Use the vernier caliper to measure the
specifications of a hollow cylinder
- Vernier precision: 0.02mm
- Hollow cylinder mass: 52.1g
Trials 𝐷(𝑚𝑚) ∆𝐷(𝑚𝑚) 𝑑(𝑚𝑚) ∆𝑑(𝑚𝑚) ℎ(𝑚𝑚) ∆ℎ(𝑚𝑚)
1 45.12 0.012 34.92 0 10.02 0.016
2 45.10 0.008 34.90 0.02 10.00 0.004
3 45.12 0.012 34.92 0 10.02 0.016
4 45.10 0.008 34.94 0.02 9.98 0.024
5 45.10 0.008 34.92 0 10.00 0.004
Average 45.108 34.92 10.004
1.2. Use the micrometer to measure the
specifications of a steel ball
- Micrometer precision: 0.01mm
Trials 𝐷 (𝑚𝑚) ∆𝐷 (𝑚𝑚)
1 9.98 0.006
2 9.99 0.004
3 9.99 0.004
4 9.99 0.004
5 9.98 0.006
Average 9.986
2. Data processing
2.1. Metal hollow cylinder
- Absolute uncertainties of external diameter 𝐷
∑ (𝐷 − 𝐷 ) ∑ (∆𝐷)
𝑠. 𝑑 = = ≈ 0.01(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
𝑠. 𝑑
∆𝐷 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ = 0.004
√𝑛
- Absolute uncertainties of internal diameter 𝑑
∑ (𝑑 − 𝑑̅ ) ∑ (∆𝑑)
𝑠. 𝑑 = = ≈ 0.01(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
𝑠. 𝑑
∆𝑑 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ = 0.004
√𝑛
- Absolute uncertainties of height ℎ
∑ (ℎ − ℎ) ∑ (∆ℎ)
𝑠. 𝑑 = = ≈ 0.01(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
𝑠. 𝑑
∆ℎ ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ = 0.004
√𝑛
2.1.1. Volume of hollow cylinder
- Relative uncertainty of Volume(𝑉):
∆𝑉 ∆(𝐷 − 𝑑̅ ) ∆ℎ
𝛿= = ( ) +( )
𝑉 𝐷 − 𝑑̅ ℎ
∆𝐷 ∆𝑑 1 ∆ℎ
= (2 × + × ) + ( ) ≈ 0.0007
𝐷 𝑑̅ 𝐷 − 𝑑̅ ℎ
= 0.07%
- Average of Volume(𝑉):
𝜋
𝑉 = × (𝐷 − 𝑑̅ ) × ℎ
4
3.141
= × (45.108 − 34.92 ) × 10.004
4
≈ 6405(𝑚𝑚 ) = 6.405(10 𝑚 )
- Absolute uncertainty of Volume(𝑉 ):
∆𝑉 = 𝛿 × 𝑉 = 0.0007 × 6405 = 4 (𝑚𝑚 ) = 0.004(10 𝑚 )
- Volume(𝑉 ):
𝑉 = 𝑉 ± ∆𝑉 = 6.405 ± 0.004 (10 𝑚 )
2.1.2. Density of hollow cylinder
- Relative uncertainty of density(𝜌):
∆𝜌 ∆𝑉
𝛿= = ≈ 0.0006 = 0.06%
𝜌̅ 𝑉
- Average density(𝜌):
𝑚 52.1 × 10
𝜌̅ = = ≈ 8.13 (10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 )
𝑉 6.405 × 10
- Absolute uncertainty of density(𝜌):
∆𝜌 = 𝛿 × 𝜌̅ = 0.06% × 8.13 ≈ 0.005 (10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 )
- Density(𝜌):
𝝆 = 𝜌̅ ± ∆𝜌 = 8.130 ± 0.005(10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 )
2.2. Volume of steel ball
- Absolute uncertainty of diameter (𝐷 ):
∑ (𝐷 − 𝐷 ) ∑ (∆𝐷 )
𝑠. 𝑑 = = ≈ 0.0049(𝑚𝑚)
5 5
𝑠. 𝑑
∆𝐷 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ = 0.002(𝑚𝑚)
√𝑛
- Relative uncertainty of Volume(𝑉):
∆𝐷 ∆𝐷
𝛿= 3× = 3× ≈ 0.0006 = 0.06%
𝐷 𝐷
- Average of Volume(𝑉):
1 1
𝑉 = × 𝜋 × 𝐷 = × 3.141 × 9.986 ≈ 521(𝑚𝑚)
6 6
= 521.0 (10 𝑚 )
- Absolute uncertainty of Volume(𝑉):
∆𝑉 = 𝛿 × 𝑉 = 0.06% × 521.0 ≈ 0.3 (10 𝑚 )
- Volume(𝑉 ):
𝑉 = 𝑉 ± ∆𝑉 = 521.0 ± 0.3 (10 𝑚 )
