1.
Define point of Contra Flexure and Point of Zero Shear
At the point that S.F.D changes its sign from positive to negative is called the Point of Contra
Shear and the point at which the S.F.D cuts the base line is called as the Point of Zero Shear
At the point of Zero Shear or Contra Shear the B.M is [Link] means opposite and
Point of Contra –flexure would mean the point where the
Bending i.e. flexure changes from positive to negative. (Here B.M Value is Zero)
2. Explain the applications of S.F.D and B,M.D
Shear and Bending Moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural
analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending
moment at a given point of an element.
Another application of SFD and BMD is that the Deflection (Vertical Displacement of a point on
the Beam) can be easily determined
3. Draw representative S.F.D and B.M.D of a Beam Overhanging on both sides and with full udl.
That All Trusses Are Frames but All Frames Are Not Trusses
1. Explain in Brief Lattice Construction, Frames and Trusses
Lattice: Latticework is an openwork framework consisting of a criss-crossed pattern of
strips of building material, typically wood or metal
A Framed Structure is a Network of Beams
and Columns joined up-to form the Skeleton
Framework of the Building
A truss is a structure composed of rod members or of any other section arranged to
form one or more triangles
2. Define a Perfect Truss giving an Example
Perfect Frames: •Perfect frames are the frames which can be analyzed to get the
internal
member forces and external support reactions by using the three conditions of static
equilibrium. And hence they are statically determinate structures. •They are basically
divisible
into triangles only. • They follow the following equation
m = 2j -3 where m = number of members, j = number of joints.
3. Define an Imperfect Truss and give the example of a Deficient Frame
Imperfect Frames: •Imperfect Frames are basically those that not divisible into triangles
only. •They do not follow the following equation. These Frames are Statically Indeterminate.
m = 2j -3 where m = number of members, j = number of joints.
When m < 2j-3 the frame is called a Deficient Frame
When m > 2j -3 the frame is called a Redundant Frame
4. What are the different Methods of Solving a frame? What are the assumptions in
the
Solution of Frames?
JOINTS AND SECTION
In the First two frames which are simple supported, top members are in compression and
bottom Members are in Tension similar to the action on a Simple Supported Beam
In the last frame which is a Cantilever the top members are in Tension and the Bottom
Members are in Tension similar to the action on a Cantilever Beam.
TOP BOTTOM
SIMPLE SUPPORTED COM TEN
TRUSS TEN COM
1. What are the assumptions in the Theory of Simple Bending
2. Explain the Theory of Simple Bending in your own words
3. Write down the flexural formula and explain each term
4. Define the following terms
a. Moment of Resistance
b. Neutral Layer and Neutral Axis
c. Section Modulus
1. Write down the formula for Shear Stress across a Section and explain each term
2. 2. Draw the Shear Stress Diagram across a Rectangular, T, L , I Cross Section Showing
Important Values
3. Draw the Bending Stress Diagram and Shear Stress Diagram across a Rectangular Cross
Section of a Beam and Compare between the two
1. Define Slope and Deflection for a Beam
Deflection: The vertical displacement of any point on the Beam due to loading
including Self
Weight is called Deflection
Slope of Deflection: The slope of the Tangent to the curve at a point on the Deflection Curve is
called the Slope of Deflection: (
3. Draw a Cantilever Beam with a full udl. Show the deflection curve, point of max deflection and
point of maximum slope and write down the formulae for the same
5. Derive the Formulae for Max Slope and Max Deflection for a Simple Supported Beam of span l
and carrying an udl of w kN/m over its entire span.
UNIT 4
1. State and Explain the Middle Third Rule.
Middle Third Rule states that for a rectangularcolumn when the load is placed
within the middlethird of depth or width of the section there will be noTension
produced in the column
2. Explain the Middle Third Rule as applied to Foundation of a Brick Pier
3. Draw a Column of size 600 X 900 and show its core. Also Explain what the Core or Kernel of the
column is?
SHORT COLUM,N CRUSHING
INTERMIDE PARTLY CRUSHING
LONG BUCLKING
II. What are the assumptions of Euler’s Theory of Buckling
III. Write down Euler’s Formula and explain each term
IV. Explain the Limitation of Euler’s Theory.
FOR STEEL
Only vaild for long column which fail due to blucking
Slenderness ratio greater than 200 will be consider long column
50 to 200 is intermidate fail due to blucking and chrushing
Less then 50 is crushing
Enulers and rankine doesn’t work for short column
FOR CON CRETE limimting slenderness is 12
FOR TIMBER limiting slenderness is 10
V. Draw Various End Conditions of Column and show their effective lengths
VI. Explain Slenderness Ratio and its relationship to Buckling
the ratio of the effective length of a column to the least radius of gyration of its
cross section is called the slenderness ratio
VII. Write down Rankine’s Formula for Failure Load of Columns and Explain how it over comes the
Limitations of Euler’s Theory
