COMPARATIVE TABLE BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND MODERN PHYSICS

CLASSICAL PHYSICS MODERN PHYSICS

Modern physics begins at the beginning of the 20th century, when the German Max Planck
Classical Physics continues to be used toinvestigated the “quantum” of energy. Planck said that they were indivisible particles of
explain and predict phenomena at the Earth
and Solar System scales, but it does not work
energy, and that these were not continuous as classical physics said, which is why this
at the atomic or subatomic level. theory was born. new branch of physics that studies the manifestations that occur in atoms,
the behaviors of the particles that make up matter and the forces that govern them .

classical physics was not useful to solve

modern physics was used to solve the problems presented since it is based on
the problems presented, since they are
probabilities
based on certainties

Everything that was discovered before

the 20th century is inserted in theThose after the 20th century are modern physics.
classic

Almost everything proposed in the 19th

In the same way it can happen today, as new research results are produced, and the
century was questioned and ultimately
new knowledge that will be acquired during this new century materializes.
replaced during the 20th century.

In modern times, phenomena occur at the aforementioned speed .

Classical physics studies phenomena that
occur at a speed less than the speed of
light

In the 16th century Galileo pioneeredIn the 19th century, fundamental advances in electricity and magnetism occurred. In
the use of experiments to validate1855, Maxwell unified both phenomena and the respective theories in force until then in
theories of physics. He becamethe Theory of Electromagnetism, described through Maxwell's Equations. One of the
interested in the movement of stars and predictions of this theory is that light is an electromagnetic wave. At the end of this
bodies. Using the inclined plane he
discovered the law of inertia of
century, the first discoveries about radioactivity were made, giving rise to the field of
dynamics and with the telescope he
nuclear physics. In 1897, Thompson discovered the electron.
observed that Jupiter had satellites
rotating around it.

During the 20th century, physics developed fully. In 1904, the first model of the atom
was proposed. In 1905 Einstein formulated the Special Theory of Relativity, which
coincides with Newton's Laws when phenomena develop at small speeds compared to
the speed of light. In 1915 Einstein extended the Special Theory of Relativity by
formulating the Theory of Relativity. General, which replaces Newton's Law of
Gravitation and includes it in cases of small masses. Planck, Einstein, Bohr and others
developed Quantum Theory in order to explain anomalous experimental results on the
In the 17th century, Newton (1687)
radiation of bodies. In 1911 Rutherford deduced the existence of a positively charged
formulated the classical laws of
atomic nucleus from particle scattering experiments. In 1925, Heisenberg and in 1926
dynamics (Newton's Laws) and the Law
Schrödinger and Dirac formulated Quantum Mechanics, which comprises the preceding
of Universal Gravitation. Starting in the
quantum theories and provides the theoretical tools for Condensed Matter Physics.
18th century, the development of other
Later, Quantum Field Theory was formulated to extend Quantum Mechanics in a
disciplines such as thermodynamics,
manner consistent with the Theory of Special Relativity, reaching its modern form in
statistical mechanics and fluid physics
the late 1940s thanks to the work of Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga and Dyson, who
occurred.
formulated the Theory of Relativity. Quantum Electrodynamics. Likewise, this theory
provided the basis for the development of Particle Physics. In 1954, Yang and Mills
developed the foundations of the Standard Model. This model was completed in the
1970s and with it it was possible to predict the properties of particles not previously
observed but that were successively discovered, the last of which was the top quark.
Currently the standard model describes all the observed elementary particles as well as
the nature of their interaction

CONTRIBUTIONS
PHYSICAL... INPUT...

Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric theory

Johannes Kepler Kepler's Laws

Isaac Newton The gravity

Albert Einstein Principle of relativity

Galileo Galilei He collaborated with Copernicus with the heliocentric theory

Maxwell Theory of electromagnetism

Max Planck Quantum theory

Rutherford He deduced that the atom is charged + in its nucleus

Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Dirac They formulated Quantum Mechanics and Special Theory of Relativity

Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga and Dyson Theory of Quantum Electrodynamics.

Yang and Mills Development of the bases of the standard model

OPINION:
From the beginning of the 20th century, the study of Physics, both microscopic and stellar, and its applications, advanced at dizzying speeds. In
1911, Superconductivity was discovered, a property of some metals that lose their electrical resistance at temperatures close to absolute zero,
giving way to the development of new materials.

The applications of these theories have contributed to technological developments in multiple areas. For example, in Communications, advances
emerged such as television, radar, FM radio, transistor, computer, fiber optics, chip, Internet, Global Positioning System (GPS), among others.
Physics has also made contributions in various areas of science and human endeavor such as Medicine: ultrasound, computational tomography,
scanner, laser, magnetic resonance; or Industry: the compact disc, commercial uses of laser, plastic, the photocopier, among many others.

Today, no one can ignore the fundamental role that Physics plays, and even the one that remains to be played within the development and
transformation of the world. The increasingly deep knowledge of matter and its components, as well as the discovery of laws that govern a large
number of phenomena, makes Physics one of the main pillars on which current technology is based .

Modern physic
begins at the beginning of the 20th century, when the German Max Planck investigated the “quantum” of energy. Planck said
that they were indivisible particles of energy, and that these were not continuous as classical physics said, which is why this
theory was born. new branch of physics that studies the manifestations that occur in atoms, the behaviors of the particles that
make up matter and the forces that govern them.

In the topics previously discussed, classical physics was not useful to solve the problems presented, since these are based on
certainties and modern physics on probabilities, which caused difficulties in adapting to new ideas. The issues discussed above
could not be resolved by classical physics.

In 1905, Albert Einstein published a series of works that revolutionized physics, mainly represented by “The wave-particle
duality of light” and “The theory of relativity” among others. These and scientific advances such as the discovery of the
existence of other galaxies, superconductivity, the study of the nucleus of the atom, and others, allowed technological advances
to emerge years later, such as the invention of television, x-rays, radar. , fiber optics, the computer etc.
The final mission of today's physics is to understand the relationship that exists between the forces that govern nature: gravity,
electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. Understand and achieve a unification theory, in order to
understand the universe and its particles. It is generally known for studying phenomena that occur at the speed of light or
values close to it or whose spatial scales are of the order of the size of the atom or lower.

It's divided in:

 Quantum Mechanics
 The theory of relativity

Almost everything proposed in the 19th century was questioned and ultimately replaced during the 20th century, and in the
same way it can happen today, as new research results are produced, and new knowledge materializes that will go away.
acquiring during this new century.

The applications of these theories have contributed to technological developments in multiple areas. For example, in Communications, advances
emerged such as television, radar, FM radio, transistor, computer, fiber optics, chip, Internet, Global Positioning System (GPS), among others.
Physics has also made contributions in various areas of science and human endeavor such as Medicine: ultrasound, computational tomography,
scanner, laser, magnetic resonance; or Industry: the compact disc, commercial uses of laser, plastic, the photocopier, among many others.