SS 1 Mathematics

GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Trigonometric Ratio Of General Angle

Use Of Mathematical Table

use mathematical tables to find

sin 46.50

cos 46. 50

tan 46. 50

Solution:

From the table: in the x column look for 46 in under 5

sine 46. 50 = 0.7254

cos 46.50 = 0.6884

tan 46. 50 = 1.054

use mathematical table to determine Ө

if sine Ө0 = 0.8043 find Ө

if cos Ө = 0.1142 find Ө

if tan Ө = 0.3907 find Ө

Solution

From the table above look for number in the column

sine Ө = 0.8043

Ө = 0.8043

= 53 .50

cos Ө = 0.1142

Ө = 83.40

tan Ө = 0.3907
 Ө = 21.30

Evaluation

Use mathematical table to find:

a)sin 68.530

b)cos 68. 530

c)tan 68. 530

Find from mathematical tables the angle Ө

sine Ө = 0. 8842

cos Ө =- 0.1252

c)tan Ө = 0 . 4907

Solving problem on trig. Using mathematical table

Examples:

given that sin Ө = 0.4907 use table to find the value of :

cos Ө (b) tan Ө

Solution

Sin Ө = 0.4907

Ө = sin-1 0.4907

29.40

a) cos 29.40 = 0.8712

tan29.40 = 0.5635

Using table, solve for y correct to 3 significant figures.

Sin50 . 32 = sin 48 . 5

13 . 62 y cm

y sin 50.32 = 13.62 x sin 48 .5

 y = 13 . 62 x sin 48.5

sin 50. 32

x log

13. 62 1.1341

sin 48.5 1. 8751

3.0092

- sin 50.32 - 1. 8863

12.97 1. 1229

to 3 s. f = 13 cm

Quadrant

Sine All

2nd quadrant S A 1st quadrant

3rd tangent T C 4th cosine

The table above states the rule for finding the trig. ratios of angles lying between 0 0 and
3600. Angles are measured in the anti – clockwise direction starting from the positive x-
axis.

The rule may be remembered by the word CAST whose letter represent Cosine, All,
Sine and Tangent, respectively. The rule gives the sign of the trig, of the ratios in the four
quadrants.

In the first quadrant, all the trig. ratios are positive; in the second quadrant Sine is positive
while Cosine and Tangent are negative , in the third quadrant Tangent is positive while Sine
and Cosine are negative and in the fourth quadrant, Cosine is positive while Sine and
Tangent are negative. These signs can be represented in a diagram below.

Sin + ve Sine + ve
Cos - ve Cosine + ve
Tan - ve S A tan + ve

Sin - ve Sin - ve
Cos - ve
T C Cosine + ve
Tan + ve tan - ve
1st quadrant.
+ ve 0y 0 < Ө < 900
(x, y)
p

r y

X x + ve
-ve O x m

-ve y

sin Ө = y / r = +ve

cos Ө = x / r = +ve

tan Ө = y /x = + ve

In the first quadrant sine cosine and tangent are positive

2nd quadrant 900 < Өb < 1800

y + ve
p(x+y)
r
y
x + ve
x - ve x
y - ve
sin Ө = +y/+r = + ve

cos Ө = -x / + r = - ve

tan Ө = +y/ -x = -ve

In the second quadrant sine is positive while cosine and tangent are negative

3rd quadrant : 1800 < Ө < 2700

y
m x
x - ve x
-y
-y r
N
p (x 1+ y) -x

Sine Ө = -y/+r = -ve

Cos Ө = - x / +r = -ve

Tan Ө = -y /-x = + ve

Both x and y are negative. Hence in the third quadrant sin Ө is negative and tan Ө is
positive.

4th Quadrant
sin Ө = -y/ r = -ve

cos Ө = x/r = +ve

tan Ө = -y/x = -ve

is positive and y is negative therefore in the fourth quadrant sine and tangent are negative
while cosine is positive.

Example

1. Express the sine, cosine, and tangent of a) 60 b) 120 c)240 d)300 as either a positive
or negative trig. ratio of an acute angle.

SOLUTION:

First make rough sketches of the given angles.

y
P
r
60 0
x
O

y
P
0
12 0
r
x
O

24 0 0
x

P (11 )
 0
30 0
x

r
P

In the first quadrant

Sine 600 = + ve

Cos 600 = +ve

Tan600 = + ve

In the second quadrant

Sine 1200 = + sine (180 – 120 ) = + sine 600

Cos 1200 = - cos (180 – 120) = −cos 600

Tan 1200 = -tan (180 – 120) = − tan 600

In the third quadrant

Sine 2400 = sine (240 – 180) = − sine 600

Cos 2400 = −cos( 240 – 180) = − cos 600

Tan2400 = + tan (240 – 180) = + tan 600

In the 4th quadrant

Sine 3000 = -sine (360 – 3000) = - sine 600

Cos 3000 = + cos (360 – 300) = + cos 600

Tan3000 = - tan (360 – 300) = - tan 600

Evaluate by using tables

a) sine 1100

b) sine 2050

C) tan 1100

d)sin3040

e)cos3020

Weekend Assignment

Which quadrant does p lie in angle 2300

a) 1st quadrant b) 2nd quadrant c) 3rd quadrant

2. which of the following angle lies on 4th quadrant

a) 305 b) 205 c) 105

3) which of this angle is positive in 2nd quadrant

a) sine 2000 b) sine 1200 c)sine 280

4. evaluate cos -330

a) 0.8387 b) – 0.8387 c) 1. 8387

5. 0.7002 is equivalent to

a) sin – 580 b) tan 1450 c) tan -1450

Theory

1. if cos ά = 0 . 6717 use mathematical table to find

a) ά b) sine ά

2. if tan Ө = where Ө is acute find the value of 39 sine Ө + 26 cos Ө

Graph Of Sin  And Cos 

- Graph of sin 

- Graph of cos 

Graph Of Sin 

The graphs of sine and cosine functions have very important applications. It is therefore
essential that we are familiar with their general shapes.

The angle  that OP makes with Ox changes according to the position of P on the circumference of
the unit circle.

Since, P is the point (, y) and /OP./ = 1unit

 sin  = y/1 = y

Cos  = X/1 = x

Hence the values of x and y give a measure of cos and sin  respectively.

If ,values of sin  are taken from the unit circle, they can be sued to draw the graph of sin . This is
done by plotting values of y against corresponding values of .

The result is a curve in the shape of a wave. The vertical line give the value of sin  corresponding
to  - 300, 600, 90--- 3600
The above graph is a Sine graph

Graph of cos 

To draw the graph of cos , use corresponding values of x and . This gives another wave shape
curve, the graph of cos 
As  increases beyond 3600 both curves begin to repeat themselves.

Graph of cos 
From the sine and cosine graph you will notice that:

- All values of sin  and cos  lie between + 1 and – 1

- The sine and cosine curve have the same shapes but deferent starting points

- Each curve is symmetrical about its peak (high point) and trough (low point). This means
that for any value of sin  there are usually two angles between 0 and 360 0, likewise for cos
.

The only exceptions to this are at the quarter turns, where sin  and cos have the values
given in the following table.

00 900 1800 2700 3600

Sin  0 1 0 −1 0

Cos  1 0 -1 0 1

Graph of sin 

 00 90 180 270 360

Sin 0 1 0 -1 0

Graph of cos 

 00 900 1800 270 360

Cos  1 0 -1 0 1

Evaluation

a Copy and complete table below giving corresponding value of  and cos  from 0 – 360

Θ 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Cos θ 1 0.87 0.5 0 -0.5

b Hence draw the graph of cos , using the scale 60 to represent square hole on axis (u-axis)
while 0.s to represent 2cm i.e 10 holes on cos  - axis (y-axis)

using the graph to find the angle s whose cosine are as follows.

(i) 0.4

(ii) 0.65

(iii) - 0.2

(iv) -0.755

(v) -0.15