2018 H2 MA Prelim Compilation - Complex Numbers (Solutions)

ACJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q4

4 (a) (i)
w u  iv u  iv x  iy
  
z x  iy x  iy x  iy
(ux  vy )  i (vx  uy )

x2  y 2
(ux  vy ) (vx  uy )
 2 i 2
x  y2 x  y2

(a) (ii)
 w  Re( w)
Re   =
z Re( z )
ux  vy u
Hence 2 
x  y2 x
ux 2  vxy  ux 2  uy 2
 y (vx  uy )  0
 y = 0 or vx – uy = 0
 Im(z) = 0 or Im   = 0
w
z
w
 z is real or is real
z
(b)

Method 1

1 i  2 , arg (1 +i) =
4
2
1  i 3  2 , arg( 1  i 3 ) =   tan 1 3 =
3
 2
6
6
(1  i ) 6
1 i 1
= = 
(1  i 3)8 1  i 3
8 8
2 25

Arg(
1  i 6 ) = 6arg(1 + i) – 8arg( 1  i 3 )
 1  i 3 
8

 2
= 6( ) – 8( )
4 3
23 
=  = (adjusted)
6 6

  * 
ie 3 z = ie 3 z*
  
ie 3 z*  e 3 z

 (1  i)6
Since ie 3 z*  ,
(1  i 3)8
 1
e3 z 
25
1
z  
e 3 25

  
arg( ie 3 z* ) =  + arg(z*) =   arg( z )
2 2

Since arg( ie 3 z* ) = Arg(

 1  i 6 ),
 1  i 3 
8

 
  arg( z ) =
2 6
2
Hence arg z = 
3
(b)
Method 2

1 i  2 , arg (1 + i ) =
4
2
1  i 3  1  3  2 , arg( 1  i 3 ) =   tan 1 3 =
3

1  i  2ei 4
2
1  i 3  2ei 3

 2ei 
 6
1  i 6
3
23 ei
4
2
1 i 236 1 i 6
= = 8 i = e = e
 1  i 3  2ei  2 e
8 16 
8 2
3
3
25 25

   * 
ie 3 z = ie 3 z*
*
  
Since  ie z  =
3
1 i
6
,
 
 
8
  1  i 3
 1 i 6
ie 3 z*  e
25
1  i 
 z*  
e i 6 =  ei 6
ie 3 25 e 3 25
    2
ei 2 i 6 ei 2 ei 6 ei 3

= 
e = 
= 
e 3 25 e 3 25 e 3 25
e i
2
3

Hence z  
e 3 25
1 2
z= 
and arg z = 
e 3 25 3
(c)
Since z12  z22  z32  z42 < 0 , hence equation has complex roots. Also as coefficients of x of
equation are all real, hence the complex roots occur in conjugate pairs. Thus at most two of
z1 , z2 , z3 and z4 are real.

AJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q7

7 (a) Since z = 2 + 3i is a root of the equation 2 z 2  (1  4i) z  c  0,
2(2  3i) 2  (1  4i)(2  3i)  c  0
2(4  9  12i)  (2  8i  3i  12)  c  0
c  20  35i

 2 z 2  (1  4i) z  20  35i

  z  (2  3i)  2 z  (a  ib) 
 2 z 2  (4  6i  a  bi) z  (2a  3b  2bi  3ai)

Comparing real and imaginary parts of coefficient of z:

1 = 4  a and 4 =  6  b
 a=5 and b = 10
The other root is 12 (5  10i)  52  5i .

OR
 2 z 2  (1  4i) z  20  35i
  z  (2  3i)  2 z  (a  ib) 

Compare the coefficient of z0,

20  35i=(2  3i)( a  ib)
20  35i
( a  ib ) 
2  3i
20  35i  2  3i 

2  3i  2  3i 
 5  10i
The other root is 12 (5  10i)  52  5i .
OR
Let c be p + iq, where p and q are real numbers.
2 z 2  (1  4i) z  p  iq
 ( z  (2  3i))(2z  (a  ib))
 2 z 2  (a  ib  4  6i) z  (2  3i)( a  ib)
 2 z 2  (a  4  i (b  6)) z  (2a  3b  i (3a  2b))
Compare real and imaginary parts of the coefficient of z:
a + 4 = 1 and b  6 = 4
 a=5 and b = 10
 The other root is 12 (5  10i)  52  5i
Compare real and imaginary parts of the coefficient of z0:
p = 2a 3b and q = 3a 2b
 p = 20 and q = 35
 c = 20 + 35i

(b)(i) u  1  cos   1  i sin 

  
 2sin 2  2i sin cos
2 2 2
  
 2sin   sin  i cos 
2 2 2


u  1  2sin
2
 
arg(u  1)    tan 1  cot  since u  1 is in 2nd quadrant.
 2
    
   tan 1  tan    
  2 2 
  
   
 2 2
 
 
2 2
OR
u  1  cos   1  i sin 
  
 2sin 2  2i sin cos
2 2 2
  
 2sin   sin  i cos 
2 2 2
  
 2i sin  cos  i sin 
2 2 2
 
u  1  2i sin  2sin
2 2
  
arg(u  1)  arg(i)   
2 2 2
 5
(b)(ii) v*   3  i  2ei 6

  i   406 8 
8
v *u   2e
 i 56 
 28 e
8
e
Given ( w * u )8 is real and negative ,
20
   8  ,  ,  3 ,  5 ,  7 ,
3
20 20 20
8  ,  3   ,  5   ,  7   ,
3 3 3
5
Smallest  
24

CJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q11

11(i) 8z 2  4 2 z  2
z
1
2
 
8z3  4  4 2 z 2  2  2 2 z  1  
8z3 + 4z 2

 4 2z 2  2  2 2 z  1 
 4 2z2  2 2z
2z 1
2z 1
0

  
8z3  4  4 2 z 2  2  2 2 z  1  0 
8z 2  1
 4 2z  2  z    0
 2

8z 2  4 2 z  2  0

4 2 
2
4 2  4(8)(2)
z
2(8)
4 2  32  64

16
4 2  32

16
4 2  4 2i

16
2  2i

4
 1 i 
z1  e 4 ,
2
1 i 1
z2  e 4 , z3  ei
2 2

i
w  2e 24

w2
z4 
z1
 2
 i 
 
24
2e
  

1 i 4
e
2
 
i +i
 4e 12 4


i
 4e 3

Modulus = 4, argument =
3

i  
4e 3
 4 cos  4sin i
3 3
 2  2 3i
(iii)     
sin    sin   
 12  3 4
       
 sin   cos    sin   cos  
3 4 4 3
3  2   2  1 
    
2  2   2   2 


4
2
 3 1 
(ii), Im Z4
(iv)

Z2

Re
Z3 O
Z1
“Hence”
Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of triangle OZ 2 Z 4 + Area of triangle OZ 4 Z 3
 11    11  
    4  sin        4  sin    
22  3 4  2 2  3
   2 
 sin    sin  
 12   3 


4
2

3 1 
2
3

“Otherwise”

A2

A3 A4

Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of big triangle – A2 – A3 – A4
1 1 1  2  2  1  2  2  2  2 
  2   2 3       2   2 3  4    2  4 
  4 
2 2 2  4 
 4  2  4     
5 1 2 6 1 2 2
 3 2 3    
2 16 4 4 16 2 16


4
2
3 1 
2
3


DHS Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q7

7(a) (2i)3 8i Alternative
z*  
   
4 4
3  i 3  i
 
3
i 2
(2i) 3 2e
8i z*  
 
8 8 1
z  z      3  i i
* 4 4

 3  i
6
4 4 2e
 2 
 
2 16 2
 3 1  i 3
  8e 2
1 i  3  4 
  e 2 6
arg( z )   arg z*   16e
i 4
6 2
  1 i 5
8i   e 6
  arg  2

 3  i 4 
   
  arg(8i)  4 arg  3  i 
    1 i 5
z  e 6
    2   4  6   
1 1 2
1
 76   z  , arg( z )  56 
2
 arg( z )  76   2   56  where
 arg( z n )  n arg( z )   56 n
Since z n is purely imaginary,
 56 n  (2k  1)  12   , k 
3
 n   (2k  1)
5
smallest positive integer n  3 (when k  3)
7(b)(i) Let f ( x)  ax 4  bx3  cx 2  24 x  44
f (1)  18  a  b  c  2
f (1)  54  a  b  c  14
f (2)  0  16a  8b  4c  4
From GC : a  1, b  6, c  7
(ii) x 4  6 x3  7 x 2  24 x  44  0
If 3  (  2)i is a root, 3  (  2)i is also a root (since equation has all real coefficients OR by
conjugate root theorem)

Method 1
Compare product of last terms,
 x  (3  ( 2)i) x  (3  (  2)i) ( x  2)( x  a)  x4  6 x3  7 x2  24 x  44
(3  (  2)i)(3  (  2)i)(2)(a)  44
(32  (  2) 2 )(2)a  44
a2

Method 2
 x  (3  (  2)i) x  (3  (  2)i)  ( x  3)  (  2)i ( x  3)  (  2)i 
 ( x  3)2  2  x 2  6 x  11
Since ( x  2) is a factor of the polynomial equation,
x 4  6 x3  7 x 2  24 x  44  0
 ( x 2  6 x  11)( x  2)( x  2)  0 (by inspection)
 the other roots are 3  (  2)i , 2 and  2

EJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q6

6 (a) From (2): z  5  4i  2w
Sub into equation (1):
13  5  4i+2w    4  7i  w
 22  7i  w  13  5  4i 
 13  5  4i  22  7i
w 
22  7i 22  7i
13 110  35i  88i  28 

222  7 2
13
 82  123i   2  3i
533

Sub into z  5  4i  2w
z  5  4i  2(2  3i)
=1+2i
(b)(i) q   3  i
5
arg  q   
6
q 2
 5 
i  
Thus, q  2e  6 

6
 i  56  
q   2e     26 ei 5   64ei 
6
 
 
(b)(ii)
 qn 
arg    arg(q n )  arg  q *
 q*
 n arg  q   arg  q 
 (n  1) arg  q 
 5 
 (n  1)   
 6 
5
   n  1
6
qn  qn  
For to be imaginary, arg    
q*  q* 2
Thus
5  2k  1 
  n  1  ,k
6 2
3  2k  1
 n  1   ,k
5
n  1  3,9,15...
n  2,8,14,..
The smallest positive whole number values of n are 2, 8, 14.
 HCI Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q9
9[12] 4iz  w  9i  13 ------- (1)
(a) (4  2i) w*  z  3i
z  (4  2i) w*  3i -----(2)

Sub (2) into (1), we have

4i (4  2i) w*  3i   w  9i  13

Let w  x  iy
4i[(4+2i)( x  iy)  3i]  ( x  iy)  9i  13
4i[(4x +2xi  4iy  2 y  3i]  x  iy )  9i  13
16ix  8 x  16 y  8 yi+12  x  iy  9i  13
 9 x  16 y   16x  7 y  i  9i  25
Compare real and imaginary parts
16y  9 x  25 ------- (3)
16y  8 y  y  9
16x  7 y  9 ---------- (4)

Using GC,
x  1, y  1

 w  1 i

z  (4  2i)(1  i)  3i = 2+3i

9(bi)    
i i i i
v  6i e 3
 6e 2 e 3
 6e 6 ,
i


since i  e 2 (modulus 1 and argument for i)
2


 v  6 , arg(v) 
6

 v *  6 , arg v*  
6

2
u2 u 25
*
 * 
v v 6
 u2 
arg  *   2 arg u  arg v *
v 
  7    
 2  
 12   6 
4

3
 u2  4 2
arg  *   2  
v  3 3

 2 
u 2 25  i 
Hence  e 3 

v* 6

9  127  i 
n

(bii)  5e 
un  
 
v*  i
6e 6
7
n i
n 12
5e
 
 i
6
6e

7 
5n  n  i
 e 12 6 
6

 u n  7n   7n  2  
 arg  *    
 v  12 6 12

un
Since for to be purely imaginary,
v*
 u n   2k  1
arg  *    , where k is an integer (whole number),
v  2

therefore we have

7n  2 (2k  1)

 , k
12 2
12k  4  7n

Using GC,

k  2, n  4
k  9 , n  16
k  16 , n  28

Therefore the 3 smallest positive integers n are 4, 16 and 28.

IJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q8
Q8 Complex Numbers
(a) (3  i) z  3w  5i --- (1)
(i  2) z  6iw  1  3i --- (2)

(1)  2i : 2i(3  i) z  6iw  5i(2i) --- (3)

(2)  (3):
(i  2) z  2i(3  i) z  1  3i  5i(2i)
z  i  2  6i  2   1  3i  10
11  3i 4  7i
z 
4  7i 4  7i
44  77i  12i  21

16  49
65  65i

65
 1  i

Substitute z  1  i into (1):

(3  i)(1  i)  3w  5i
3w  5i   3  3i  i  1
2i
w
3

(b)(i) Since the coefficients of the equation are real,  12 1  i  is another root of the equation.

Quadratic factor    12  12 i   12  12 i 

   12    12 i 
2 2

  2    14  14
  2    12
By inspection,
 
k 4  2 3  5 2  6  4   2    12 k 2  p  8 
Comparing  : 6  8  12 p  p  4
 Comparing  3 : 2  p  k  k  2  4  2
Solving 2 2  4  8  0 :
4  16  4(2)(8) 4  4i 3
   1 i 3
2(2) 4

(b)(ii) Note that 3  1  i 3 and 4   12 1  i  .

3 3 2 4
  
4 4 2 2
2
   3 5
arg  3   arg 3  arg 4   
 4  3 4 12
3 4   5   5  
  cos     i sin    
4 2   12   12  

JJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q9

Qn Solution Marks Remarks
9(a) z 2  (i  4) z  (6  2i)  0

(i  4)  (i  4)2  4(6  2i)

z
2
i+4  i 2  8i+16  24  8i
z
2
z  2  i , 2  2i
9(b) w  rei and w*  rei
re i 
p =  i = ei(2 )
re
p  1 and arg(p) = 2 
p6  ei(12 )  cos 12   isin 12 

0    0  12  6
2
For p 6 to be real, sin 12   0 , i.e. 12   , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
For p 6 to be positive  cos 12   0
 12  2 , 4
 
 ,
6 3
9(c) 2 complex roots.
(i)
Since P( z ) has real coefficients and z  1  i is a complex root,
its conjugate is another root. There cannot be a third complex root
since z  2 is a real root.
(ii) P( z )   z  1  i    z  1  i    z  2  az  c 

P(i)   i  1  i    i  1  i    i  2  ai  c   10  10i
 1 1  2i i  2 ai  c   10  10i
 5i  ai  c   10  10i
5a  5ci  10  10i
Comparing real and imaginary parts,
a  2 and c  2
 2 z  2  0  z  1
Hence the other 2 roots are z  1  i and z  1 .

MI Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q3
a  i is a root of z 3  4(1  i) z 2 (2  9i) z  5  i  0
3(a)
 (a  i)  4(1  i)(a  i)  (2  9i)( a  i)  5  i  0
3 2

 (a 3  3a 2i  3a  i) + 4(1  i)(a 2  2ai  1) 2a  4  (3  9a)i  0

 a 3  5a  4  3a 2i+4i+9ai+4(a 2  2ai  1  a 2i+2a  i)  0
 (a 3  4a 2  3a)  (a 2 +a)i  0 . (shown)
Comparing real and imaginary parts,
a(a  1)(a  3)  0  a  0 or a  1 or a  3 (N.A)
a(a  1)  0  a  0 or a  1.
Let the third root be w.
Then z  4(1  i) z (2  9i) z  5  i
3 2

= [ z  (i)][ z  (1  i)][ z  ( w)]  ( z  i)( z  1  i)( z  w)

Comparing constant term,
i(1  i)( w)  5  i
5  i 5  i 1  i 5  i  5i  1
w     3  2i.
i(1  i) 1  i 1  i 2
Hence, all the roots are i,  1  i and  3  2i.
z 3  8(1  i) z 2 4(2  9i) z  8(5  i)  0
1 3 1
z  (1  i) z 2  (2  9i) z  (5  i)  0
8 2
 3
1  1 2 1 
 z   4(1  i)  z  (2  9i)  z   ( 5  i)  0
2  2  2 
1
 z  i or  1  i or  3  2i (from first part)
2
 z  2i or  2  2i or  6  4i

1  3i   1  ( 3)   2  16.
4 4 4

3(b)  1  3i  2 2 4

(i)
 
    4
4
arg 1  3i  4arg 1  3i  4       .
 3 3
4
  2
4
 arg 1  3i    2   . (for principal argument)
3 3
w n
w  n

3(b) is real  arg    k , where k 

(ii) w*  
w *
 arg  wn   arg  w *  k
 n arg  w  arg  w  k
2 3
 (n  1)  k (from first part) OR n  k  1
3 2
Hence, the required values of n are 2, 5 and 8.
Alternatively,
wn  wn    wn  
is real  Im    0  sin arg     0
w*  w*    w * 
 2  2
 sin  (n  1)   0  (n  1)  k , where k  .
 3  3
Hence, the required values of n are 2, 5 and 8.

MJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q3

Qn Solution
3 Complex Numbers
(i) 1  ein
1
in   12 in 12 in 
 e e
2
e 
 
in  n n  n n  
1
= e 2  cos  i sin   cos +i sin  
 2 2  2 2 
1
in  n 
= e2  2i sin 
 2 
 1  ein
in   in in 
1 1 1
 e2  e 2 + e2 
 
1
in  n n n n 
= e 2  cos  i sin  cos +i sin 
 2 2 2 2 
1
in  n 
= e 2  2 cos 
 2 

(ii) Method 1
1  z  z 2  z3
 1  z   1  z  z 2

 1  z  1  z 2 

 1 z 1 z2
1
i    i
e  2i sin  e  2 cos  
2

 2
 1
i  
 2sin  2 cos   ( e 2  1, ei  1, and 0     sin  0 and cos   0)
2 2 2

 4sin cos 
2
Method 2
1  ( z ) 4 1  z 4 1  ei4 
1 z  z  z 
2 3
 
1  ( z ) 1  z 1  ei
Using (i),
 1  z  z 2  z3
1  ei4 

1  e i
ei2  2i sin 2 
 
 i 
e  2 cos 
2

 2
3

 2i sin  cos  

i
2
e

 
 cos 
 2
3
i    
 4i sin cos cos  
2
e
  2 2 
  
 cos 
 2
3
i   
e 2
 4i sin cos  
 2 
3
i  
Since e 2
 1 , and 0     sin  0 and cos   0
2 2

1  z  z 2  z 3  4sin cos  (shown).
2

MJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q1

Qn Solution
1 Complex No.
(a) If w is a complex root to the equation P( z )  0 , then P( w)  0 .
a0  a1w  a2 w2  0

Taking conjugate on both sides of the equation (*):

a  a1w  a2 w2   0
*
0

 a0    a1w   a2 w2   0
* * *

Since a0 , a1 , a2  ,

a0  a1w*  a2  w*   0
2

P  w*   0

Therefore, its complex conjugate w* is also a root of P( z )  0.

Alternative method
 Let w  x  yi where x, y 
then w*  x  yi.

a0  a1w  a2 w2  0
a0  a1  x  yi   a2  x  yi   0
2

a0  a1  x  yi   a2  x 2  2 xyi  y 2   0
Comparing real and imaginary parts:
a0  a1 x  a2  x 2  y 2   0
a1 y  a2  2 xy   0

Subst w*  x  yi into P  z  :

a0  a1w*  a2  w* 
2

 a0  a1  x  yi   a2  x  yi 
2

 a0  a1  x  yi   a2  x 2  2 xyi  y 2 
 a0  a1 x  a2  x 2  y 2    a1 y  a2  2 xy   i

Since a0  a1 x  a2  x 2  y 2   0 and a1 y  a2  2 xy   0

a0  a1w*  a2  w* 
2

 0  0i
=0
 P  w*   0

(b)(i) z 2   a  ai
(b) Im
(ii)

x a

Re
O
x
(b) 1
(iii) Area of OZ1Z 2    2a   a
2
 a2

NJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q4

4 (a) (i)  1  i  1  i
3 3
2 2
z*     2
1 i 3 1 i 3 2

 
*   1  i 3 
arg z  arg  
 1  3i 
 
 3arg  1  i   arg 1  3i  
 3   1 
 3        
 4   3 
23 1
   
12 12

1 1 1 1
  
z z z* 2

1 23
arg     arg  z   arg z*    or 
z 12
1
12  
 i 3 i  

1  i  2e 4 , 1  i 3  2e 3

 
3
 i 34
2e  i 94
2 2e  
 i 94 i  3  i 23 
z*    2e  2e 12
i  3
 i  3

2e 2e
1 1 1 i 2312
 i 2312
 e . Therefore,
z 2e 2
1 1 1 23
 , arg     
z 2 z 12
4
4 (a) (ii) 1  1   1  12
423
i  1  233  i 1 13 i
 
   e   e  e
z4  z   2  4 4
1 1 13 i
e2 a ib   e 2a
 e ib
 e
z4 4

Therefore we have
1 1 1
e2 a   2a  ln  a  ln or  ln 2
4 4 2
 1
i 1
eib  e 3  b  
3
4 (b) iu  v  3  v  iu  3
Then substituting w  iz  3 into the other equation,
u *  1  i  iu  3  7  4i
u * iu  3  i 2u  3i  7  4i
u * iu  u  10  i
2a  i  a  ib   10  i
2a  b  ia  10  i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts, we get
a  1 and 2a  b  10  2  b  10  b  8 .

Therefore u  1  8i and v  i 1  8i   3  5  i
Alternatively,
iu  v  3 (1)
u *  1  i  v  7  4i

Let u  a  bi and v  c  di where a, b, c, d  .

Equation (1) becomes
i  a  bi    c  di   3
 b  c   i  a  d   3  0i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
b  c  3 (3)
ad 0 (4)
Equation (2) becomes
 a  bi   1  i  c  di   7  4i
 a  c  d   i  b  d  c   7  4i
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
acd  7 (5)
b  c  d  4 (6)
Using GC to solve (3), (4), (5) and (6) simultaneously,
a  1, b  8, c  5 and d  1
Therefore, u  1  8i and v  5  i .
NYJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q3
Qn Suggested Answers
3(i) z  4 z  8 z  8   z  2  z  az  4
3 2 2
 
Comparing coefficient of z : 4 = a + 2  a = 2
2

 z 2  2 z  4 is a factor of z 3  4 z 2  8 z  8

 z  2 z 2  2z  4  0 
z  2  0 or z 2  2 z  4  0
2  4  16
z  2 or z   1  i 3
2
 z1  1  i 3 and z2  1  i 3
3(ii) z1
w 1
z2
z 
arg w  arg  1   arg z1  arg z2
 z2 
2  2  4
  
3  3  3
4 2
 arg w   2  
3 3
2 n
3(iii) i  2n   2n 
wn  e 3  cos     i sin   
 3   3 
2n 
Since wn is real, sin   0
 3 
 2n 
sin  0
 3 
2n
 0,  , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,.....
3
Since n   , n  3, 6,9,....
Set of positive integers n is n : n  3 p, p   

Or
Since wn is real, arg wn  0,  , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,....
2n
  0,  , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,....
3
Since n   , n  3, 6,9,....
Set of positive integers n is n : n  3 p, p   

2 n
i
wn  e 3
 ei2 p  cos  2 p   i sin  2 p   1 (shown)
2 n
3(iv) i  2n   2n 
w e
n 3
 cos     i sin   
 3   3 
w100   w *  w100   w100  *
100
  200 
 2i sin   
 3 
 3
 2i      3i
 2 
Alternatively,
w100   w *  w100   w100  *
100

2 2
i i
 w  w*  e 3
e 3

 2   3
 2i sin    2i     3i
 3   2 

PJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q2

2 Let z  x  iy
 x  iy   5  12i
2

x 2  y 2  i2 xy  5  12i
Comparing real and imaginary components,
Real: x  y  5
2 2

6
Imaginary: 2 xy  12  y 
x
 6 
2

x2     5
 x 
x 4  5 x 2  36  0
5  52  4(1)(36) 5  13
x2  
2(1) 2
x 2  4 (rej since x 2  0 ) or x2  9
x  3 or x  3
y  2 or y  2
Hence, z  3  2i , z  3  2i

w4  10w2  169  0
10  102  4(1)(169) 10  24i
w2    5  12i
2(1) 2
Since w4  10w2  169  0 is a polynomial with real coefficients, the roots occurs in
conjugate pairs.
 Hence, the roots are w  3  2i , w  3  2i , w  3  2i , w  3  2i
  1  i  p*  3
(a) arg  q   arg  2   arg  1  i        2     3
 p  4
2
Since q is real,
3 
sin    6   0
2 
3
  6   , 0, 
2
1 3 5
6   ,  , 
2 2 2
1 1 5
  , , 
12 4 12
2
Since q is negative,
3  1
cos    6  is negative     .
2  4
1 5
Hence    , 
12 12

RI Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q7
7(a) w2 (1  i)  4w  (10  10i)  0
[3]
4  42  4 1  i 10  10i 
w
2 1  i 
4  16  40 1  i 1  i 

2 1  i 
4  16  40  2 

2 1  i 
4  64

2 1  i 
4  8i 1  i
 
2 1  i  1  i
  1  2i 1  i 
w   1  2i 1  i  or w   1  2i 1  i 
 1  i  2i  2i 2  1  i  2i  2i 2
 3  i  1  3i
(b) 5
(i) Given z   3  i , z  2, arg(z ) 
6
[2] Method 1 :
z 5  25  32
 5  
arg(z 5 )  5arg( z )  4  5    4 
 6  6
i
 z 5  32e 6
Method 2 :
 
5
i 56
z 5  2e
i  256  4 
 25 e
i
 32e 6
(ii) i 5 n
zn 2n e 6
[4]   5
iz * ei 2 2e i 6
i  5 n6  2  56 
 2n 1 e
 5 n 2
 2n 1 e
i 6

 zn 
Alternatively : Just determine arg  * 
 iz 
n arg( z )  arg(i)  arg( z * )
 5   5 5
 n   + since arg( z * )   arg( z )  
 6  2 6 6
 5n  2 
 
 6 
zn  5n  2 
For * to be purely imaginary, cos    0
iz  6 
 5n  2  
     2k  1 , k
 6  2
5n  2  3  2k  1
6k  1
n
5
The three smallest positive whole number values of n are 5,11,17.

OR
z n iz n 1 5 n1
n 1 i 6
 2
 2 ie
iz* z
zn
For to be purely imaginary,
iz *
  5n  5 
sin    0 , k 
 6 
 5n  5 
    k , k 
 6 
5n  6 k  5
6k
n 1
5
The three smallest positive whole number values of n are 5,11,17.
(iii) p z*  p
1 *  7   7
z z*
 3 i p
 7
z*

  3  p   i  2 7 since z*  z  2

  3  p    1   2 7 
2 2 2

  3  p   27
2

 3  p   27
p  33 3
 p  4 3 or  2 3
 RVHS Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q8
8. Solution [11 marks]
(a)(i) z*  4 since z  4
(1  ai )3
4
(1  i ) 2
(1  ai )
3

4
(1  i )
2

 
3
1  a2
4
 
2
2

  8
3
1  a2

1  a2  2
1  a2  4
a 3
a  3 (reject -ve as a is given to be positive)

(a)(ii)
(1  ai )3
arg z *  arg
(1  i ) 2
 3arg(1  3i )  2 arg(1  i)
π π
 3( )  2( )
3 4
3π

2
π
  (principal value)
2
arg z   arg z
*

π
 arg z  (principal value)
2
iπ
hence z  4e 2

(b) (i) since i is a root,

 iπ   2  iπ   (π 2  e 2 )  iπ   p  iπ   q  0
4 3 2

π 4  2π 3 (i )  (π 2  e 2 )( π 2 )  i( pπ)  q  0

(q  e 2 π 2 )  i ( pπ  2π 3 )  0
Equating real and imaginary parts,
q  e 2 π 2 and p  2π 2
 (b)(ii)
Now,
f ( z )  z 4  2 z 3  (π 2  e 2 ) z 2  2π 2 z  e 2 π 2
As the polynomial f(z) has real coefficients, i is also a root.
Thus (z  i ) and (z + i) are factors of f(z)
i.e., z 2  π 2 is a factor
  
f ( z )  z 2  π 2 z 2  mz  e2 where m is to be determined
Equating coeff of z3 or z in f(z),
m=2
f ( z )   z 2  π 2  z 2  2 z  e 2 
for f ( z )  0
z 2
 π 2  z 2  2 z  e 2   0

2  4  4e 2
z  iπ or z 
2
 1  1  e 2
 1  i e 2  1
( NOTE :1  e 2 is negative)

Hence the remaining roots are

iπ ,  1  i e2  1 or  1  i e2  1

SAJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q5

5 (i) Let  a  bi   i
2

a 2  b 2  2abi  i
Comparing real and imaginary parts,
2ab  1
a 2  b2  0
and 1
a  b or  b ab 
2
At a = b,

1
a2 
2
1
a
2
1
Hence, b  
2
For a  b ,
 1
a 2   has no solutions since a 
2
1 1 1 1
Hence the square roots are:  i or   i
2 2 2 2

5 (ii) Given w2  2w  1  8i   0 ,
2  4  4 1  8i 
w
2
2  2 1  1  8i

2
 1  2 2 i
For w  1  2 2  i  ,
2
 1 1 
At i     i ,
 2 2 
2
 1 1  1 1
i   i   i
 2 2  2 2
 1 1 
w  1  2 2   i 
 2 2 
 1   2  2i 
 1  2  2i or  1  2  2i
 1  2i or  3  2i
5 (iii) 1  8i  v2  2iv  1  0
2i 1
1  8i    0
v v2
1 2i
   1  8i   0
v2 v
i 2 2i
  1  8i   0
v2 v
2
i i
   2    1  8i   0
v v

Comparing with w2  2w  1  8i   0 in (ii),

i
we replace w in (ii) as   in (iii) for both roots in (i),
v
 i i
 1  2i  3  2i
v v
i i
v v
1  2i 3  2i
and

1  2i  i  3  2i  i
 2
1  22 3  22
1 1
 2  i   2  3i 
5 13

SAJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q9

9(i) 
i
Since z 2  3z  9  0 has all real coefficients, given that z  3e 3 is a root of the equation,

i
z  3e 3 is the other root of the equation.
9(ii) ei  e i
  cos   i sin    cos     i sin    
  cos   i sin     cos   i sin  
 2i sin 

9 (iii)  π π
i   i
Since w1  3e  3
, w2  3e 9

w2  w1
π  π
i  i  
 3e 9
 3e  3

π  3π 
i  i  
 3e  9   3e  9 

 2π π   2π π 
i   i   
 3e  9 9
 3e  9 9

 π
i    i 2π9  i  2π9  
 3e  9
e    e   
 
 π
i     2π  
 3e  9
 2i sin  9  
  
 π π
 2 π  i  + 
 6sin   e  9 2 
 9 
 7π 
 2 π  i 
 6sin   e  18 
 9 
9 (iv)  2π   7π 
At point B, OB  6sin   cos  
 9   18 

Hence,
Area of triangle OAB

1  7π 
 OB OA sin  
2  18 
1  2π   7π     2π    7 π 
  6sin   cos    6sin    sin  
2  9   18     9    18 
36 2  2π   7π   7π 
 sin   sin   cos  
2  9   18   18 
  14π  
36 2  2π    18  
sin
 sin    
2  9  2 
 
 2π   7π 
 9sin 2   sin  
 9   9 

SRJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q2

2 zw * 2 z  15i 1
1
w 11  3z   2
2
Subst (2) into (1) gives
1
z 11  3z *  2 z  15i
2
11 3 2
z  z  2 z  15i
2 2
15 3 2
z  z  15i
2 2
Let z  x  iy
  x  iy    x 2  y 2   15i
15 3
2 2
Comparing the real and Imaginary parts, we have
15 15 3 3
y  15 and x  x2  y 2  3
2 2 2 2
y2
Subst into (3) gives
x2  5x  4  0
 x  4 x  1  0
 x  1 or 4
1
When z  1  2i , w  11  3  6i   4  3i
2
1 1
When z  4  2i , w  11  12  6i     3i
2 2

SRJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q4

4 If all coefficients are real, then by conjugate root theorem, roots will occur in conjugate
pairs. As f is a polynomial of degree 3, it would mean that it must have either 3 real
roots or it will be having 1 real root with a pair of conjugate roots.
But it is given that f(z) = 0 has no real solution and so it must therefore means that at
least one of the coefficients is a complex number. Hence a is not a real number.
3 2
 i  i  i  i
(i) f     2     a      2a  4      2a  8  0
 2  2  2  2
i a
  ai  2i  2a  8  0
4 4
9 7 
8 i  a i
4 4 
 4i
So f  z   2 z 3   4  i  z 2   4  2i  z  2i   2 z  i   z 2  2 z  2 


For f  z   0   2 z  i  z 2  2 z  2  0 
Consider z 2  2 z  2  0 ,
2  4  8
z
2
z  1  i
i
Hence the roots are 1  i , 1  i and 
2
(ii) Since 2 z 3  az 2   2a  4  z  2a  8  0 ,
a 2a  4 2a  8
 2  2  3  0
z z z
Replace z by  w
 a 2a  4 2a  8
 2   3 0
w w2 w
i
So the roots of this equations are 1  i , 1  i and
2

TJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q9

(a)(i) 1  3i   8  6i
2

1  3i    8  6i 
4 2

 28  96i
(ii) Since one of the roots of the equation is 1  3i
 1  3i   p 1  3i   7 1  3i   6 1  3i   30  0
4 3 2

 28  96i  p  26  18i   7  8  6i   6 1  3i   30  0

 52  26 p  36i  18ai  0

p  26  18i   52  36i

52  36i [Note that p is not given as real here]
p
26  18i
p  2

(iii) As the coefficients are all real, complex roots occur in conjugate pairs,
 another root is 1  3i .
z 4  2 z 3  7 z 2  6 z  30  0
 z  1  3i   z  1  3i  ( z 2  bz  c)  0
 z  1  3i   ( z  1)  3i  ( z 2  bz  c)  0
 z  12  9  ( z 2  bz  c)  0
 
 z  2 z  10 ( z 2  bz  c)  0
2

 
By comparing coefficients : z 4  2 z 3  7 z 2  6 z  30  z 2  2 z  10 ( z 2  bz  c)
Comparing constant term: 10c  30 ,  c  3 .
Comparing coefficient of z : 6  2c  10b,  b  0 .

Or by long division, the other quadratic factor is z  3 .

2

z2  3  0
z  3 or  3

The other 3 roots are 1  3i , 3 and  3 .

 z3
(b)(i) w
z*
5 

 2 e
3 i 3  
 12 

 5 

 2e
i   
 12 

5
i
 2e 3


i
3
= 2e

(ii) Method 1
 nπ   n 
For wn to be real, sin     0  sin  0
 3   3 
nπ
 0,  , 2 ,...
3
n  3, 6,9,...
Smallest positive integer n  3

OR
Method 2
nπ
  k , where k  

3
n  3k
Smallest positive integer n  3 when k = 1

TPJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q8

8(i)   π  π 
z  1  i  2 cos     i sin    
  4  4 
  2π   2π  
w  1  i 3  2 cos    i sin   
  3   3 

(ii)   π 2π   π 2π  
zw  2 2 cos      i sin     
  4 3   4 3 
  5π   5π  
 2 2 cos    i sin   
  12   12  
 z 2   π 2π   π 2π  
  cos      i sin     
w 2   4 3   4 3 
2   11π   11π  
  cos     i sin   
2   12   12  

(iii) zw  1  i   1  i 3    1  3   i 1  3 
zw   1  3   i 1  3 
  5π   5π  
 2 2 cos    i sin   
  12   12  
 5π   5π 
 2 2 cos    i2 2 sin  
 12   12 
Equating imaginary parts,
 5π 
1  3  2 2 si n  
 12 
 5π  1  3
 sin    . (shown)
 12  2 2

(iv)

(v) 2π 11π
AOB  2π  
3 12
5π

12
 1
area of triangle OAB   OA  OB  sin AOB
2
1  2   5π 
  2   sin  
2  2   12 
2  1 3 
  
2  2 2 
1 3
 units 2
4

VJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q6

6a 8  4 i 
8

 2  i 2   2e 
     
 1  i 3   2e  3 i 
 
8
 7 i 
  e 12 
 
14
i
e 3

2
i
e 3
1 3
  i
2 2

b 2iz*  w  1  7i  w  2iz *  1  7i
z  2 w  16  2i
z  2  2iz *  1  7i   16  2i

Let z  a  bi, a, b 
a  bi  2  2i  a  bi   1  7i   16  2i
a  bi  4ai  4b  2  14i  16  2i
a  4b  i  4a  b   18  12i

a  4b  18   1
4a  b  12    2 
 1  4 : 4a  16b  72    3
 3   2  :15b  60  b  4
a  18  4  4   2
z  2  4i
w  2i  2  4i   1  7i  7  3i

YJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q1

1 The coefficients of the polynomial (quadratic) equation are not real. Hence the Conjugate
Root Theorem cannot be applied.

w2 6 5i w 11 i=0
2
6 5i 6 5i 4 1 11 i
w
2
6 5i 4 7i
2
5 6i or 1+i

Hence the other root is 5 6i .

YJC Prelim 9758/2018/01/Q3

3 (i)
z  3  2  ia
a
arg  z  3    tan 1  
2

 a  3
  tan 1   
2 4
1  a  
tan   
2 4
a
1
2
a2
 (ii)
n n
wn w w bn
*
 *
   b n 1
w w w b

(iii)
 wn 
arg  *   arg  wn   arg  w* 
w 
 n arg  w     arg  w  
 n arg  w   arg  w 
   
 n    
2 2
 
    n  1
2
wn
Since * is purely imaginary.
w
 wn   3 5
arg  *   , , ,...
w  2 2 2
   3 5
   n  1  , , ,...
2 2 2 2
n  1  1,3,5,...
 two smallest positive whole number n  2, 4

YJC Prelim 9758/2018/02/Q2

2 iw  z  1
zw*  2  6i -- Eqn 2
z  1  iw -- Eqn 1

Subst. Eqn 1 into Eqn 2,

1  iw w*  2  6i
w * iww*  2  6i

Let w  a  bi ,
 a  bi   i  a  bi  a  bi   2  6i
a  bi  i  a 2  b 2   2  6i
a  i  b  a 2  b 2   2  6i
Comparing,
a  2,
b  22  b 2  6
b2  b  2  0
 b  1 b  2   0

b  1 or b  2

Therefore w  2  i or 2  2i
When w  2  i , z  1  i  2  i   2  2i
When w  2  2i , z  1  i  2  2i   1  2i