KPS PU COLLEGE, ARSIKERE

IIPUC PHYSICS QUESTION BANK

Chapter - 1
Electric charges and fields
One mark questions:
1. What is electrification?
2. Mention one of the methods of electrification.
3. Name the apparatus used to detect electric charge on a body.
4. How many electrons make 1nC?
5. How does the electrostatic force between two point charges change when a dielectric is introduced
between them?
6. Define Coulomb or Define SI unit of charge
7. What is an electric dipole?
8. Define dipole moment
9. Mention the SI unit of dipole moment
10. How does electric field due to a point charge vary with distance?
11. How does electric field due to a dipole vary with distance?
12. Mention the SI unit of Electric field or Electric intensity or Electric field intensity
13. Mention the SI unit of Electric flux
14. Sketch the electric lines of force (or field lines) due to a point charge if 𝑖)𝑞 > 0 𝑖𝑖)𝑞 < 0. Or
Sketch the electric field lines for 𝑖) positive charge 𝑖𝑖) negative charge
15. Draw the electric field lines for a system of two positive point charges separated by a small distance.
16. Draw the electric field lines for a system of two negative point charges separated by a small
distance.
17. Draw electric field lines in the case of two equal positive and negative point charges separated by a
small distance (or dipole).
18. What is the electric flux inside a thin charged spherical shell?
19. A charged particle enters an electric field in the direction of electric field. What is the nature of the
path traced by it?
20. A charged particle enters an electric field normal to the direction of electric field. What is the
nature of the path traced by it?

Two mark questions:

1. Give the properties of Charges:
2. Give the properties of Electric field lines or Electric lines of force
3. Draw electric field lines for a) 𝑞 𝑞 > 0 (two like charges) b) 𝑞 𝑞 < 0 (two unlike charges)
4. State and explain Coulomb’s law. Or State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law.
5. Write Coulomb’s law in vector form and explain the terms.
6. State and explain Gauss’ law in electrostatics. or
State Gauss’ law in electrostatics and give its mathematical expression.

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7. Write the expression for torque acting on a dipole in a uniform electric field and mention the terms.
8. When is the torque acting on a dipole in a uniform electric field maximum and minimum?
9. What are electric conductors and insulators? Give example for each

Three mark questions:

1. Using the principle of superposition obtain the expression for electric field at a point due to multiple
charges.
2. Derive the expression for torque acting on an electric dipole placed in an uniform electric field.

Five mark questions:

1. Derive the expression for electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the axial line.
2. Derive the expression for electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the equatorial line (or
plane).
3. State Gauss law in electrostatics. Using Gauss law derive an expression for electric field due to a
uniformly charged thin spherical shell at a point outside the shell.
4. Derive the expression for electric field at a point due to an infinitely long thin charged straight wire
(or conductor) using Gauss law.
5. Derive the expression for electric field at a point due to an infinite sheet of charge.

Numerical Problems:
1. The electrostatic force on a metal sphere of charge 0.4 𝜇𝐶 due to another identical metal sphere of
charge −0.8 𝜇𝐶 in air is 0.2 𝑁.
a. Find the distance between the two spheres and also the force between the same two spheres
when they are brought in contact and then replaced in their initial positions.
b. What is the force on 2 sphere due to 1 before contact?
2. Two insulated charged spheres 𝐴 & 𝐵 are separated by a distance of 50𝑐𝑚. What is the mutual force
of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is . 5 × 10 𝐶 ? The radii of 𝐴 & 𝐵 are negligible
compared to the distance of separation. What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged
double the above amount and the distance between them is halved?
3. Two small charged spheres having charges of 2 × 10 𝐶 and 3 × 10 𝐶 are placed 3cm apart in
vacuum. Find the electrostatic force between them. Find the new force when the distance between
them is doubled.
4. Two point charges 𝑞 = 3𝜇𝐶 & 𝑞 = −3𝜇𝐶 are located 20𝑐𝑚 apart in vacuum
a. What is electric field at the mid point 𝑂 of the line 𝐴𝐵 joining the two charges?
b. If a negative test charge of magnitude 1.5 × 10 𝐶 is placed at this point, what is force
experienced by the test charge?
5. How many electrons have to removed from a metal sphere of radius 0.04 𝑚 such that it acquires a
charge of 6𝑛𝐶? Calculate the electric field at a point 0.06𝑚 from the centre of the charged sphere
when it is kept is vacuum.
6. Point charges of – 9𝜇𝐶, – 20𝜇𝐶 & + 10𝜇𝐶 are placed at the corners 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶
respectively. If 𝐴𝐵 = 0.05𝑚, 𝐵𝐶 = 0.04𝑚 𝐶𝐴 = 0.03𝑚. Calculate the resultant force on the charge
at 𝐶.
7. Two point charges of +3𝑛𝐶 & − 3𝑛𝐶 are placed at the corners 𝐴 & 𝐵 of an equilateral triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶
of side 0.3𝑚 in air. If a charge +2𝑛𝐶 is placed at the point C, what is force acting on it?
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8. A positive charge 10𝜇𝐶 is placed 1𝑚 away from a similar negative charge. Calculate the electric
field at a point 1𝑚 away from each charge.
9. Two charges 10𝜇𝐶 & 20𝜇𝐶 are placed at the corners 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 of right angled triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 of sides
𝐴𝐵 = 3𝑚 & 𝐴𝐶 = 4𝑚. Calculate the resultant electric intensity at the corner 𝐴. 𝐵𝐶 is the
hypotenuse.
10. Two point charges 4 𝜇𝐶 & 2 𝜇𝐶 are placed at the verticies 𝐴& 𝐵 of a right angled triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶
respectively. 𝐵 is the right angle. 𝐴𝐵 = √3𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑐𝑚 & 𝐵𝐶 = 1𝑐𝑚. Calculate the magnitude
& direction of resultant electric intensity at 𝐶.
11. Three charges each equal to +4𝑛𝐶 are placed at the three corners of a square of side 2cm. Find the
electric field at the fourth corner.

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 Chapter - 2
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
One mark questions:
1. What is an equipotential surface?
2. How does electric potential due to a point charge vary with distance?
3. How does electric potential due to a dipole vary with distance?
4. What is the shape of an equipotential surface around a point charge?
5. Define Polarization of a dielectric sample.
6. Define electric susceptibility.
7. What is a capacitor?
8. Define the SI unit of capacitance.
9. How does the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor change when a dielectric is introduced
between the plates?
10. Give the circuit symbol of a capacitor.
11. Draw equipotential surfaces around (a) point charge (b) dipole (c) two positive charges
12. Define dielectric constant in terms of capacity of a parallel plate capacitor.

Two mark questions:

1. Give the properties of equipotential surfaces.
2. Mention the expression for potential energy of an electric dipole in an uniform electric field and
explain the terms.
3. What is electrostatic shielding? Mention one application for it.
4. What are Polar molecules? Give example
5. What are Non Polar molecules? Give example
6. Mention the factors on which capacitance a parallel plate capacitor depends.
7. Give the uses of Capacitors.
8. Mention the expression for energy stored in a charged capacitor.
9. Draw equipotential surface for a) a positive point charge b) a uniform electric field
10. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance C. What will be the
capacitance if
a) the distance between the plates is doubled?
b) the space between the plates is filled with a substance of dielectric constant?

Three mark questions:

1. Write the expression for electric potential at a point due to a short electric dipole. Mention one
contrasting feature of electric potential at a point as compared to that due to a point charge.
2. Arrive at the relation between electric field and electric potential.
3. Derive the expression for electric potential energy of a system of two point charges in the absence of
electric field.
4. Obtain the expression for effective capacitance of two capacitors in series.
5. Obtain the expression for capacitance of two capacitors connected in parallel.
6. Derive the expression for electric potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric
field.

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Five mark questions:
1. Define electric potential due to a point charge and arrive at the expression for the electric potential
at a point due to a point charge.
2. Derive the expression for potential at a point due to an electric dipole.
3. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium or Derive the
expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor without dielectric medium between the
plates.

Numerical Problems:
1. In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 6 × 10 𝑚 and
the distance between the plates is 3𝑚𝑚. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. If this capacitor is
connected to a 100V supply, what is the charge on the each plate of the capacitor?
2. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8𝑝𝐹. What will be the
capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half and the space between them is filled
with the substance of dielectric constant 6 ?
3. A parallel plate air capacitor consists of two plates each of area 100 cm 2 separated by 0.3 cm. The
capacitor is connected to 1kV supply
a) Find the charge on the capacitor.
b) If air is replaced by dielectric of relative permittivity 2, how much additional charge will
flow to the same supply.
4. Two charges 3 × 10 𝐶 & − 2 × 10 𝐶 are located 15𝑐𝑚 apart. At what point on the line joining the
two charges is the electric potential zero’? Take the potential at infinity to be zero.
5. Two point charges +1𝑛𝐶 and −4𝑛𝐶 are 1m apart in air. Find the position along the line joining the
two charges at which the resultant potential is zero.

6. Two points charge +10𝑛𝐶 & +30𝑛𝐶 are 1𝑚 apart. a) Find the electric potential at a point between
hem which is at a distance of 0.8𝑚 from the stronger charge. b) Find the point between the charges
where potential due to them are equal?
7. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square of side 1𝑚. Point charges 2 × 10 𝐶, −4 × 10 𝐶 & 8 × 10 𝐶 are placed at
corners 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 10𝜇𝐶 from 𝐷 to the
point of intersection of diagonals.
8. Charges 2𝜇𝐶, 4𝜇𝐶 & 6𝜇𝐶 are placed at three corners 𝐴, 𝐵 & 𝐶 respectively of a square 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 of side 𝑥
metre. Find what charge must be placed at the fourth corner so that the total potential at the centre
of the square is zero.
9. When two capacitors are connected in series and connected across 4kV line, the energy stored in the
system is 8J. The same capacitors if connected in parallel across the same line, the energy stored is
36J. Find the individual capacitances.
10. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor have an area of 100cm 2 each and are separated by 3mm. The
capacitor is charged by connecting it to a 400V supply
a) Calculate the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
b) If a dielectric of dielectric constant 2.5 is introduced between the plates of the capacitor,
then find the electrostatic energy stored and also change in energy stored

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 Chapter - 3
Current Electricity
One mark questions:
1. Define ohm.
2. Give the SI unit of resistivity
3. Define resistivity 𝜌.
4. Define current density.
5. Give the SI unit of current density
6. Constanton and manganin coils are used in making standard resistance boxes. Why?
7. What is the condition for balanced Wheatstone network?
8. Name a device which works on Wheatstone network.
9. What is the significance of Kirchoff’s junction rule?
10. What is the significance of Kirchoff’s loop rule?
11. What is the principle on which a metre bridge works?
12. Define relaxation time.
13. What is Current density?
14. Give the SI units for a) Current density b) Conductance c) Conductivity
15. Give the relation between Resistance and Conductance.
16. How many electrons per second constitute a current of one micro ampere?
17. A wire of a given resistivity is stretched to three times its length. What will be its new resistivty?
18. What happens to drift velocity due to increase in temperature?
19. What happens to relaxation time due to increase in temperature?
20. What is Relaxation time?

Two mark questions:

1. State and explain Ohm’s law.
2. Mention the limitations of Ohm’s law.
3. What is an ohmic device? Give an example.
4. What is a non ohmic device? Give an example.
5. Mention the expression for resistance in terms of resistivity and explain the terms.
6. Define resistivity. Mention the SI unit of Resistivity.
7. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend on?
8. How does the resistance of a conductor vary with its (i) length (ii) area of cross section?
9. How does the resistivity of the following materials vary with the increase in temperature for (i)
metallic conductor (ii) semiconductor
10. Draw graphs showing variation of resistivity of a) metallic conductor (copper) b) semiconductor
(silicon) c) nichrome with absolute temperature.
11. State Kirchoff’s rules.
12. Define drift velocity. Give the expression for drift velocity in terms of relaxation time and explain
the terms.
13. Define mobility. Mention its expression and SI unit.
14. Write the expression for drift velocity in terms of current and explain the terms used.
15. Define a) emf b) Internal Resistance c) Terminal Potential difference of a cell.
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16. Draw Wheatstone network and write the condition for its balance.
17. What is electrical power? Mention the formula for power dissipated in a resistor and explain the
symbols.

Three mark questions:

1. Derive the relation 𝐽⃗ = 𝜎𝐸⃗ (Equivalent form of Ohm’s law).
2. Derive the expression for drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor. Or
Derive the expression for drift velocity in terms of relaxation
3. Derive the expression for current in terms of drift velocity (𝐼 = 𝑛𝐴𝑒𝑣 )
4. Derive the expression for electrical conductivity of a material in terms of relaxation time 𝜎 = .
5. Obtain the expression for current drawn by external resistance using Ohm’s law.

Five mark questions:

1. Obtain the expression for effective emf and effective internal resistance when two different cells are
connected in series.
2. Obtain the expression for effective emf and effective internal resistance when two different cells are
connected in parallel.
3. Deduce the condition for balance of Wheatstone’s bridge network using Kirchoff’s rules.

Numerical Problems:
1. The number density of free electrons in a copper conductor is estimated at 8.5 × 10 𝑚 . How long
does an electron take to drift from one end of a wire 3.0 𝑚 long to its other end? The area of cross
section of the wire is 2.0 × 10 𝑚 and it is carrying a current of 3.0𝐴.
2. A copper wire of 10 𝑚 area of cross section carries a current of 2𝐴. If the number density of
electrons is 8 × 10 in cubic metre. Calculate the current density & average drift velocity.
3. A battery of internal resistance 3Ω is connected to a 20Ω resistor & potential difference across the
resistance is 10𝑉. If another resistor of 30Ω is connected in series with the first resistor & battery is
again connected to the combination, calculate the emf of the battery & terminal potential difference
of the combination.
4. Two cells of emf 2𝑉 & 4𝑉 and internal resistance 1Ω & 2Ω respectively are connected in parallel so as
to send a current in the same direction through an external resistance of 10Ω. Find the potential
difference across the 10Ω resistor.
5. Two identical cells either in series or parallel combination gives the same current of 0.5𝐴 through an
external resistance of 4Ω. Find the emf & internal resistance of each cell.
6. A wire having length 2.0𝑚, diameter 1.0𝑚𝑚 and resistivity 1.963 × 10 𝛺𝑚 is connected in series
with a battery of emf 3𝑉 and internal resistance 1𝛺. Calculate the resistance of the wire and current
in the circuit.
7. 100𝑚𝑔 of nichrome metal is drawn into a wire of area of cross section 0.05𝑚𝑚 . Calculate the
resistance of the wire. Given density of nichrome 8.4 × 10 𝑘𝑔𝑚 and resistivity of the material is
1.2 × 10 Ω𝑚.
8. In the given circuit, calculate the current through the galvanometer.

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9. A Wheatstone Bridge is as shown in the following figure. Find the current through the
Galvanometer.

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 Chapter - 4
Moving charges and Magnetism
One mark questions:
1. What is Lorentz force?
2. Write Lorentz force in vector form.
3. When will the magnetic force on a moving charge be maximum in a magnetic field?
4. A charged particle enters magnetic field in the direction of the field. What is the nature of the path
traced by it?
5. A charged particle enters magnetic field normal to the direction of the field. What is the nature of
the path traced by it?
6. A charged particle is moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field. What is the magnitude magnetic
force on it?
7. What is the magnitude of magnetic force on a charged particle moving anti-parallel to a uniform
magnetic field?
8. What is the nature of the force between two parallel conductors carrying current in the same
direction?
9. What is the nature of the force between two parallel conductors carrying current in the opposite
directions?
10. How do you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter?
11. How do you convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter?
12. Mention the principle of moving coil galvanometer.
13. Mention the principle on which electric motor works.
Two mark questions:
1. State Ampere’s circuital law and represent it mathematically. Or
State and explain Amperes circuital law.
2. Mention Lorentz force in vector form and explain the terms.
3. Give the expression for force acting on a charge moving in magnetic field and explain the terms.
4. When is the force acting on a charge moving in a magnetic field maximum and minimum?
5. Give the expression for force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a uniform
magnetic field and explain the terms.
6. Obtain the expression for radius of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field and right
angle to the field.
7. When is the force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field
maximum and minimum?
8. What is a solenoid? Mention the expression for magnetic field inside a solenoid?
9. Mention the expression for magnetic field produced at the centre on the axis of a current carrying
solenoid and explain the terms.
10. A galvanometer having a coil of resistance 12Ω, gives full scale deflection for a current of 4mA. How
do you convert it into a voltmeter of range 0 to 24V.
11. A galvanometer has a coil of resistance 100Ω & gives full scale deflection for a current of 5mA. How
do you convert it into an ammeter reading 0-50mA?

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Three mark questions:
1. State and explain Biot-Savart’s law. Express it in vector form.
2. State Ampere’s circuital law. Using it derive the expression for magnetic field at a point due to a long
current carrying conductor.
3. Derive the expression for force acting on a conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic field.
4. With a circuit diagram, explain how a pointer galvanometer is converted into ammeter?
5. With a circuit diagram, explain how a pointer galvanometer is converted into voltmeter?

Five mark questions:

1. Derive the expression for magnetic field strength at any point on the axis of a circular current
loop (or coil) using Biot-Savart’s law.
2. Derive the expression for force between two long straight parallel conductors carrying current
and hence define one ampere.
3. Derive the expression for torque acting on a rectangular current loop placed in a uniform
magnetic field.

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 Chapter - 5
Magnetism and matter
One mark questions:
1. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a bar magnet.
2. Name the type of magnetic substance whose relative permeability is 0.987.
3. Name the type of magnetic substance whose relative permeability is 1.003?
4. Relative permeability of a material 𝜇 = 400. Identify the nature of the magnetic material.
5. Name the type of magnetic substance whose relative permeability is 2000?
6. Give the SI unit of magnetic field or magnetic induction
7. Give the SI unit of magnetic dipole moment
8. Define magnetic moment of a current loop.
9. Define magnetization of a sample.
10. Mention the SI unit of magnetization
11. Give SI unit of magnetic intensity
12. Define magnetic susceptibility.
13. Define magnetic permeability.

Two mark questions:

1. Give the properties of Magnetic field lines:
2. What are paramagnetic materials? Give an example.
3. What are diamagnetic materials? Give an example.
4. What are ferromagnetic materials? Give an example.
5. State and explain Gauss’ law in magnetism.

Three mark questions:

1. Give the properties of Diamagnetic materials.
2. Give the properties of Paramagnetic materials.
3. Give the properties of Ferromagnetic materials.
Give the differences between Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic materials
4. Give the differences between Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials.
5. Give the differences between Diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials.
6. Mention the expression for magnetic field due to a current carrying solenoid and explain the terms.
Justify how a current carrying solenoid is equivalent to a Bar magnet?
7. Write the expression for magnetic potential energy of a magnetic dipole kept in a uniform magnetic
field and explain the terms. When is it a) maximum b) minimum

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 Chapter - 6
Electromagnetic induction
One mark questions:
1. Name the phenomenon in which electric current is generated by time varying magnetic field.
2. State Lenz’ law.
3. What is self induction?
4. What is mutual induction?
5. What is the SI unit of self inductance and mutual inductance?
6. Define one henry?
7. Write the expression for energy stored in an inductor (or coil of wire).
8. What is an AC generator?
9. Mention one disadvantage of eddy currents.
10. Inductance coils are made of copper. Why?
11. What is motional emf?
12. What is the fundamental significance of Faraday’s discovery?
13. What is the significance of Lenz’s law.
14. Name a device working on the principle of self induction.
15. Mention the principle on which a transformer works.
16. Name the devices working on the principle of mutual induction.
17. How the self inductance of a coil depend on number of turns in the coil?
18. Mention the principle on which an AC generator (AC dynamo) works.
19. Name one device working on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Two mark questions:

1. State and explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
2. The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies as 𝛷 = 3𝑡 + 4𝑡 + 9. Find the magnitude of the emf
induced at 𝑡 = 2𝑠.
3. Current in a coil falls from 5A to 0A in 0.1s, calculate the induced emf in the coil if its self-
inductance is 4H.
4. Mention the expression for self inductance of a coil and explain the terms
5. Mention the expression for mutual inductance of a pair of coils and explain the terms.
6. What are the factors on which self inductance of a solenoid depend?
7. What are the factors on which mutual induction between a pair of solenoids depend?
8. What are eddy currents? Give one use of eddy currents?
9. Give the uses of eddy currents.
10. A coil of self inductance 2H is carrying a steady current of 1A. Calculate the energy stored in the
coil.
11. Give the working principle of AC Generator. Why the current generated by it is called alternating
current?

Three mark questions:

1. Explain briefly an experiment with a coil and magnet to demonstrate the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction.

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2. Briefly explain the coil and coil experiment in electromagnetic induction when there is relative
motion between them. Or
Briefly explain the ‘current induced by current’ experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction.
3. State and explain Lenz law.
4. Obtain the expression for energy stored in an inductor. Or
Obtain the expression for energy stored in a current carrying coil.

Five mark questions:

1. What is motional emf? Derive the expression for electromotive force (motional emf) when a
conducting rod is moving in a magnetic field.
2. With a diagram explain the construction of AC generator. Derive the expression for instantaneous
emf of AC generator.

Numerical Problems:
1. A circular coil of radius 10cm and 25 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter with an angular
speed of 40 rad/s in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 5 × 10 𝑇. Calculate the peak emf
induced in the coil. Also find the peak current in the coil if the resistance of the coil is 15Ω.
2. A conductor of length 3m moving in a uniform magnetic field of strength 100T. It covers a distance
of 70m in 5 second. Its plane of motion makes an angle 30 0 with the direction of magnetic field.
Calculate the emf induced in it.

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 Chapter - 7
Alternating current
One mark questions:
1. How is rms value of alternating current related to its peak value?
2. How is rms value of alternating voltage related to its peak value?
3. The rms value of voltage is 220V. What is its peak voltage?
4. If the peak value of ac current is 4.24A. What is its root mean square value?
5. How does capacitive reactance of a capacitor vary with frequency?
6. How does inductive reactance of an inductor vary with frequency?
7. Mention the value of power factor of a pure inductor.
8. Mention the value of power factor of a pure capacitor
9. Mention the value of power factor of a pure resistor.
10. What is the average power supplied to a inductor in one cycle of AC?
11. What is the average power supplied to a capacitor in one cycle of AC?
12. What is the average power supplied to a resistortor in one cycle of AC?
13. What is wattless current?
14. What is a transformer?
15. What is the principle behind the working of a transformer?
16. Write the condition for resonance of a series LCR circuit.
17. What is the significance of Q – factor?
18. Define quality factor (Q-factor).
19. Define power factor.

Three mark questions:

1. Mention the sources of power loss in transformer.
2. Show that voltage and current are in phase with each other when an AC voltage is applied across a
resistor. Represent this relation in phasor diagram. Or
Obtain the expression for current in case of pure resistor connected to an AC source and draw
phasor diagram indicating phase relationship between voltage and current.
3. Show that current lags voltage by 900 when AC source is connected to a pure inductor. Represent
this relation in phasor diagram. Or
Obtain the expression for current in case of pure inductor connected to an AC source and draw
phasor diagram indicating phase relationship between voltage and current.
4. Show that current leads by voltage by 900 when AC source is connected to a pure capacitor.
Represent this relation in phasor diagram. Or
Obtain the expression for current in case of pure capacitor connected to an AC source and draw
phasor diagram indicating phase relationship between voltage and current.
5. What is a transformer? Mention the sources of energy loss in a transformer.
6. What is resonant frequency? Obtain the expression for resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit.
7. With a diagram explain the construction and working of a transformer.
8. Obtain the expression for energy stored in an inductor. Or
Obtain the expression for energy stored in a current carrying coil.

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Five mark questions:
1. Derive the expression for impedence and phase angle of a series LCR circuit. Or
Arrive at the expression for the impedence of a series LCR circuit using phasor diagram method and
hence write the expression for current through the circuit.

Numerical Problems:
1. A light bulb is rated at 100W for a 220V supply. Find
a) Resistance of the bulb
b) Peak voltage of the source
c) RMS current through the bulb
2. A pure inductor of inductance 25.0mH is connected to a source of 220 V. Find the inductive
reactance, rms current and peak current in circuit if the frequency of the source is 50Hz.
3. A 15𝜇𝐹 capacitor is connected to 220 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡, 50𝐻𝑧 source. Find the capacitive reactance & the current
(rms & peak) in the circuit.
4. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283𝑉 & frequency 50𝐻𝑧 is applied to a series LCR circuit in
which 𝑅 = 3Ω, 𝐿 = 25.48𝑚𝐻 & 𝐶 = 796 𝜇𝐹. Find
a) The impedence of the circuit.
b) Phase difference between voltage across the source & current.
c) The power factor.
d) The power dissipated in the circuit
5. A 20Ω resistor, 1.5H inductor and 35μF capacitor are connected in series with a 220V,50Hz ac
supply. Calculate the impedence of the circuit and also find the current through the circuit.
6. Calculate the resonant frequency of a series LCR circuit with 𝐿 = 2.0𝐻, 𝐶 = 32𝜇𝐹 & 𝑅 = 10Ω. Also
calculate the band width and 𝑄 value of this circuit?
7. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 285 volt is applied to a series LCR circuit in which 𝑅 = 2Ω, 𝐿 =
28.5𝑚𝐻 and 𝐶 = 800𝜇𝐹. Find
a) Frequency for which the current is maximum (resonant frequency).
b) Calculate the impedence, current and power dissipated at resonance.
8. A resistance of 600Ω , an inductor of 0.4𝐻 and a capacitor of 0.01𝑚𝐹 are connected in series to an
AC source of variable frequency. Find the frequency of AC source for which current is maximum.
Also calculate the band width & quality factor for the circuit.
9. A resistor of 100Ω, a pure inductance coil of 𝐿 = 0.5𝐻 and a capacitor are in series in a circuit
containing an AC source of 200volt, 50Hz. In the circuit the current is ahead of the voltage by 30 .
Find the value of capacitance.
10. A resistor, an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series with a 120V, 100Hz AC source.
Voltage leads the current by 350 in the circuit. If the resistance of the resistor is 10Ω and the sum of
inductive reactance and capacitive reactance is 17Ω, calculate the self inductance of the inductor.
11. An inductor & a bulb are connected in series to an AC source of 220𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡, 50 𝐻𝑧. A current of 11𝐴
flows in the circuit & the phase angle between voltage & current is 𝜋 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑. Calculate the
impedence & inductance of the circuit.
12. A source of alternating emf of 220V, 50Hz is connected with a resistor of resistance 200Ω, an
inductance of 100mH and a capacitance of 30𝜇𝐹. Does the current lead or lag voltage and by what
angle?
Page | 15
 Chapter - 8
Electromagnetic waves
One mark questions:
1. What are electromagnetic waves?
2. Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves?
3. What is displacement current?
4. Give the inconsistency of Ampere’s circuital law.
5. What is the need for displacement current?
6. Who explained the inconsistency of Ampere’s circuital law?
7. Write the expression for displacement current.
8. What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space?
9. Give the expression for speed of electromagnetic waves in free space or vacuum. Or
Give the expression for speed of electromagnetic waves in terms of permittivity and permeability of
free space
10. Give the wavelength range of electromagnetic spectrum.
11. Name the electromagnetic radiation used for viewing objects through fog.
12. Which part of electromagnetic radiation is sensitive to human eye?
13. Name the electromagnetic radiation which are produced when high energy electrons are
bombarded with metal targets.
14. What are the electromagnetic rays emitted due to energy transitions in nucleus of an atom?
15. Name the electromagnetic radiation which is having high penetrating power.
16. Mention the wavelength range of various regions of electromagnetic radiation. (1 mark each)
17. Write the relation between the magnitudes of electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic
wave.

Two mark questions:

1. What is displacement current? Mention the expression for displacement current and explain the
terms.
2. Give the properties of Electromagnetic waves:
3. Arrange the various regions of electromagnetic spectrum in the increasing order of wavelength.
4. Arrange the various regions of electromagnetic spectrum in the increasing order of frequency.
5. Mention the expression for Ampere-Maxwell’s law and explain the terms.
6. Give the uses of Radio waves
7. Give the uses of Micro waves
8. Give the uses of Infrared rays
9. Give the uses of Visible light
10. Give the uses of Ultraviolet rays
11. Give the uses of X – rays
12. Give the uses of Gamma rays

Page | 16
 Chapter – 9
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
One mark questions:
1. What is the relation between the radius of curvature and the focal length of a spherical reflecting
surface?
2. What is a real image?
3. What is a virtual image?
4. When does a concave mirror produce virtual image?
5. Give the expression for magnification of a mirror.
6. Give the expression for magnification of a lens.
7. For what angle of incidence is Snell’s law invalid?
8. Define Power of a lens.
9. Define critical angle?
10. How does power of a lens vary with its focal length?
11. Give relation between power and focal length of a lens.
12. Give the SI unit of power.
13. Two lenses of power +1.5𝐷 and – 0.5𝐷 are kept in contact on their principal axis. What is the
effective power of the combination?
14. What is principle of optical fibres, endoscope?
15. When does a convex lens produce virtual image?
16. For which position of the object magnification of a convex lens is -1 (minus one)?
17. A blue ray of light enters an optically denser medium from air. What happens to its frequeny?
18. Mention the expression for magnification of simple microscope.
19. Mention the expression for magnification of compound microscope.
20. Mention the expression for magnification of refracting telescope.

Two mark questions:

1. Draw the ray diagram for image formation in case of a concave mirror when the object is placed at
the centre of curvature of the mirror.
2. State laws of reflection.
3. State laws of refraction.
4. State and explain Snell’s law.
5. Give the uses of Total Internal Reflection.
6. Give the uses of Optical fibres.
7. What is total internal reflection? Define critical angle.
8. Mention the conditions for total internal reflection.
9. Arrive at the expression of critical angle.
10. Mention the expression for critical angle and explain the terms

Three mark questions:

1. Derive the relation 𝑓 = in case of concave mirror. Or Derive the relation between focal length
and radius of curvature of a concave (or spherical) mirror.
2. With a diagram explain the phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection.
Page | 17
 3. Explain the working of Optical fibres
4. Draw a ray diagram for a real image produced by a concave mirror.
5. Draw a ray diagram for image formation in the case of simple microscope (at normal
adjustment).
6. Draw a ray diagram for image formation in the case of compound microscope (at normal
adjustment).
7. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation of a distant object by a refracting telescope (at normal
adjustment).
8. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Cassegrain telescope.

Five mark questions:

1. Derive mirror formula (or equation) for a concave mirror.
2. Obtain the relation between 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑛 , 𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 for refraction at spherical surface when a real object
is placed towards the convex surface.
3. Arrive at Lens Maker’s formula for a thin lens.
4. Derive the expression for the refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of the angle of the
prism and angle of minimum deviation.
5. Derive the expression for equivalent focal length of two thin convex lenses in contact.

Numerical Problems
1. A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank of containing water to a depth of 80cm. What is the
area of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out? Refractive index of
water is 1.33 (Consider the bulb as a point source).
2. A prism of angle 60 produces angle of minimum deviation 40 . What is its refractive index?
Calculate the angle of incidence
3. Find the angle of minimum deviation produced by an equilateral prism of RI 1.55
4. A prism of RI 1.6 produces a minimum deviation of 40 . Find the angle of the prism.
5. A prism is made of glass of unknown refractive index. A parallel beam of light is incident on a face of
the prism. The angle of minimum deviation is measured to be 40 . What is the refractive index of
the material of the prism? The refracting angle of the prism is 60 . If the prism is placed in water
(refractive index 1.33), predict the new angle of minimum deviation of a parallel beam of light.
6. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of an equilateral prism so that it just
suffers total internal reflection at the other face? The refractive index of the material of the prism is
1.5 [March 2020]
7. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that the refracted ray inside the prism is
parallel to its base. Calculate a) angle of deviation of the ray b) speed of light ray inside the prism.
8. Two lenses of focal lengths 0.20m and 0.30m are kept in contact. Find the focal length of the
combination. Calculate the powers of lenses and combination.
9. An object of 3cm is placed 14cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 21cm. Find the position,
nature and size of the image formed. [June 2019]
10. The radii of curvature of two faces of a biconvex lens are 0.2𝑚 and 0.25𝑚 respectively. Find the
focal length and power of the lens (RI of lens is 1.6).

Page | 18
11. Focal length of a lens in water is four times the focal length of the lens in air. Calculate the refractive
index of lens (Refractive index of water is 1.33)
12. A convex lens of focal length 0.24𝑚 in air and 𝑅𝐼 1.5 is completely immersed in water of RI 1.33.
Find the change in focal length of the lens.
13. An equiconvex lens of RI 1.5 is immersed in a liquid of RI 1.6. If radius of curvature of each surface
is 0.1m, find the nature and focal length of the lens.
14. The radii of curvature of two surfaces of a convex lens is 0.2m and 0.22m. Find the focal length of
the lens if the refractive index of the material of lens is 1.5. Also find the change in focal length, if it
is immersed in water of refractive index 1.33
15. Double convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of
the same radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal length is to be
20cm?
16. A beam of light converges at a point 𝑃. Now a lens is placed in the path of the convergent beam
12𝑐𝑚 from 𝑃. At what point does the beam converge if the lens is (a) a convex lens of focal length
20𝑐𝑚, and (b) a concave lens of focal length 16𝑐𝑚

Page | 19
 Chapter - 10
Wave Optics
One mark questions:
1. What is a wavefront?
2. When a point source of light is placed at the principal focus of a thin convex lens, what is the shape
of the emergent wavefront?
3. What is the shape of wavefront due to
a) point source at a finite distance?
b) linear source at a finite distance?
c) point or linear source at infinite distance?
4. What is the shape of the wavelength of light from distant stars?
5. What is the shape of wavefront on the earth for sunrays?
6. What is meant by interference of light?
7. What is diffraction of light?
8. Write the formula for Malus’ law.
9. What is polarizing angle?
10. State Brewster’s law.

Two mark questions:

1. What are coherent sources? Give example.
2. What are incoherent sources? Give example.
3. Write the relation between the path difference and wavelength of light wave used for constructive
and destructive interference
Or Write the conditions for path difference in case of constructive and destructive interference.
4. Write the conditions for phase difference in case of constructive and destructive interference.
5. Mention the expression for path difference at a point on the screen in case of Young’s double slit
experiment and explain the terms.
6. Mention the expressions for distance of bright and dark fringes from the centre of the interference
pattern and explain the terms.
7. State Huygen’s principle of secondary waves.
8. What is polarization of light? Name any one method of producing plane polarized light.
9. Represent polarized and unpolarized light diagrammatically.
10. Give the applications of Polaroids:
11. Explain Malus’ law for polaroids.

Three mark questions:

1. Arrive at Snell’s law of refraction, using Huygen’s principle for refraction of a plane wave.
2. Using Huygen’s wave theory of light, show that the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection
in case of reflection of a plane wavefront by a plane surface.
3. Describe Young’s double slit experiment to demonstrate interference of light.
4. Give the differences between Interference and diffraction.

Page | 20
Five mark questions:
1. Derive the expression for resultant displacement and amplitude when two waves having same
amplitude and phase difference 𝜑 interfere and hence obtain the conditions for constructive and
destructive interference.

Numerical Problems
1. In a Young’s double slit experiment, light of wavelength 620nm is used to illuminate slits of width
0.3mm. A screen is placed at a distance of 0.9m. Calculate (a) fringe width (b) distance between 12 th
and 19th bright fringe on the screen.
2. In Young’s double slit experiment a light of wavelength 5000A 0 is used to incident on two slits. If the
separation between the slits is 2mm and distance between slits and screen is 1.5m. Find (a) distance
of 5 bright fringe (b) distance of 4 dark fringe from the centre of fringe pattern.
3. A beam consists of wavelength 650nm and 520nm is used to obtain interference fringes in a Young’s
double slit experiment . What is the least distance from the central maximum where the bright
fringe due to both the wavelengths coincide? (Given D=2m and d=1.5mm)
4. In a YDS experiment while using a source of wavelength 4500𝐴 , the fringe width obtained is 5𝑚𝑚.
If the distance between the screen and the plane of the slits is reduced to half, what should be the
wavelength of light required to get fringes of width 4mm?
5. In a YDS experiment while using a source of wavelength 6000𝐴 , the fringe width obtained is 6𝑚𝑚.
If the distance between the screen and the plane of the slits is reduced to half, what should be the
wavelength of light required to get fringes of width 4𝑚𝑚.
6. In a YDS experiment distance between the slits is 1mm. The fringe width is found to be 0.6mm.
When the screen is moved away from the slits through a distance of 0.25m, the fringe width
becomes 0.75mm. Find the wavelength of light used.
7. In a Young’s experiment fringes of certain width are produced on a screen kept at a certain distance
from the slits. When the screen is moved away from the slits by 0.1m, fringe width increases by
60𝜇𝑚. The separation between the slits is 1mm. Calculate the wavelength of light used.
8. In a Young’s double slit experiment distance between the slits is 0.5mm. When the screen is kept at a
distance of 100cm from the slit the distance of the 9 bright fringe from the centre of the fringe
system is 8.835𝑚𝑚. Find the wavelength of light used.
9. Monochromatic light of wavelength 5000A0 from a narrow slit is incident on a double slit. If the
separation of 10 fringes on the screen 1m away is 2cm, find the slit separation.
10. A YDS experimental set up is using yellow light of wavelength 600nm and two slits 1.5mm apart.
Interference fringes are 0.1mm apart. Calculate the distance of slits from the screen. What will be
the fringe width if this distance is increased by 10cm?
11. InYoung’s double slit experiment the slits are separated by 0.28𝑚𝑚 and the screen is placed at a
distance 1.4m away from the slits. The distance between the central bright fringe and the fifth dark
fringe is measured to be 1.35cm. Calculate the wavelength of the light used. Also find the fringe
width if the screen is moved 0.4m towards the slits, for the same experimental set up.
12. Two slits separated by 1mm in YDS experiment are illuminated by violet light of wavelength 400nm.
The interference fringes are obtained on the screen placed at 1m from the slits. Find the fringe
width. If violet light is replaced by red light of wavelength 700nm, find the percentage change in
fringe width.
Page | 21
 Chapter - 11
Dual nature of matter and radiation
One mark questions:
1. Define one electron volt?
2. Who discovered electrons?
3. What is electron emission?
4. What is thermionic emission?
5. What is field (cold) emission?
6. What is secondary emission?
7. What is photoelectric effect?
8. What is the significance of stopping potential?
9. Why alkali metals are more suited for photoelectric emission?
10. How is work function related to threshold frequency?
11. What is rest mass of a photon?
12. What is the energy of a photon of frequency 𝜗?
13. What is the momentum of a photon of frequency 𝜗?
14. What is the momentum of a photon of wavelength 𝜆?
15. What are matter waves or de-Broglie waves?
16. How does the de-Broglie wavelength vary with momentum of moving particle?
17. How does de-Broglie wavelength of a proton change if its velocity is increased?
18. An electron and a positron have same momentum. What is the ratio of their deBroglie wavelengths?
19. What happens to deBroglie wavelength of a particle if its Kineic energy is increased to four times of
its initial value?
20. What is the significance of stopping potential?
21. What happens to maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons (stopping potential) if the intensity
of the radiation is increased?
22. What happens to photocurrent (number of electrons emitted per second) if frequency of the
radiation is increased?

Two mark questions:

1. Mention the types of electron emission.
2. What is a photosensitive material? Give one example.
3. Mention the expression for deBroglie wavelength in terms of mass and velocity. Explain the terms.
4. Mention the expression for deBroglie wavelength in terms of Kinetic energy. Explain the terms.
5. Calculate deBroglie wavelength associated with an electron moving with a speed of 2 × 10 𝑚𝑠 .
Given ℎ = 6.625 × 10 𝐽𝑠, 𝑚 = 9.11 × 10 𝑘𝑔
6. Mention Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the terms.

Three mark questions:

1. Mention Hertz’ and Hallwach’s observations of photoelectric effect.
2. Define the terms
(i) Work function (ii) Threshold frequency (iii) Stopping potential.
3. Mention three properties of photon.
Page | 22
4. With a diagram describe Lenard’s experimental set up to study photoelectric effect.

Five mark questions:

1. Write the Lenard’s experimental observations (or laws of photoelectric effect). Or
Summarize the experimental features and observations of photoelectric effect.
2. Write Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect. Give Einstein’s explanation of photoelectric effect.

Numerical Problems:
1. The work function of cesium metal is 2.14eV. When light of frequency 6 × 10 𝐻𝑧 is incident on
the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the
(a) Energy of incident photons
(b) maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons
(c) stopping potential and
(d) maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons?
2. The threshold frequency for a certain metal is 3.3 × 10 𝐻𝑧. If a light of frequency
8.2 × 10 𝐻𝑧 is incident on the metal, predict the cut off voltage for the photoelectric emission.
3. A light of frequency 7.21 × 10 𝐻𝑧 is incident on a metal surface. Electrons with a maximum speed
of 6.0 × 10 𝑚𝑠 are ejected from the surface. What is the threshold frequency for photoelectric
emission of electrons?
4. Light of wavelength 488𝑛𝑚 is produced by an argon laser, which is used in the photoelectric effect.
When light from this spectral line is incident incident on the emitter, the stopping (cut-off) potential
of photoelectron is 0.38𝑉. Find the work function of the material from which the emitter is made.
5. The work function of cesium if 2.14𝑒𝑉. Find (a) the threshold frequency for cesium and (b) the
wavelength of the incident light if the photocurrent is brought to zero by a stopping potential of
0.60𝑉.
6. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 2271𝐴 from a 100W mercury source irradiates a photocell made of
molybdenum metal. If the stopping potential is 1.3volt, estimate the work function of the metal.
How would the photocell respond to a high intensity red light of wavelength 6328𝐴 produced by
He-Ne laser?

Page | 23
 Chapter - 12
Atoms
One mark questions:
1. For what scattering angle impact parameter is zero?
2. What is a stationary state according to Bohr’s theory?
3. Mention the empirical formula for wave number of
(a) Lymann (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Brackett (e) Pfund series
4. In which region of electromagnetic spectrum does the following series of hydrogen atom lie?
(a) Lymann (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Brackett (e) Pfund series?
5. To what type of species Bohr’s model can be applied to?
6. How does radius of an electron orbit vary with principal quantum number?
7. How does the energy of an electron in H-atom vary with the principal quantum number 𝑛 ?
8. What is excitation energy?
9. What is ionisation energy?
10. To which level electron should jump from higher energy levels to
(a) Lymann (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Brackett (e) Pfund series
11. Give the expression for energy of an electron in 𝑛 stationary state of hydrogen atom in eV.
12. What is the significance of negative total energy of an electron orbiting round the nucleus?

Two mark questions:

1. Define a) Impact parameter b) Scattering angle
2. Mention two observations of Geiger-Marsden’s experiment on scattering of alpha particles. Or
Mention two observations of Rutherford’s alpha ray scattering experiment.
3. Mention two merits of Bohr’s model.
4. Mention two limitations of Bohr’s atom model.

Three mark questions:

1. Draw the diagram representing the schematic arrangement of Geiger-Marsden experimental set up
for the alpha particle scattering.
2. State Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
3. Mention the expression for radius of 𝑛 stationary orbit of hydrogen atom.
4. Mention the expression for velocity of electron in 𝑛 stationary orbit of hydrogen atom.
5. Give de-Broglie explanation of Bohr’s quantization rule.

Five mark questions:

1. Derive the expression for total energy of an electron in the 𝑛 stationary orbit of hydrogen atom.
Or Assuming the expression for radius, derive the expression for total energy of an electron in the
𝑛 stationary orbit of hydrogen atom.

Numerical Problems
1. Calculate the shortest and longest wavelengths of Balmer series of hydrogen atom.
Given: 𝑅 = 1.097 × 10 𝑚
Page | 24
2. The first member of Balmer series of hydrogen atom has wavelength of 6563𝐴 . Calculate the
wavelength and frequency of the second member of the same series.

3. The first member of Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum has wavelength 6563𝐴 . Compute the
longest wavelength and series limit of Lyman series.
4. The first member of Balmer series of Hydrogen has a wavelength 6563𝐴 . Calculate the wavelengths
of 𝐻 line and first member of Lymann series.
5. A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the 𝑛 = 4 level.
Determine the wavelength and frequency of the photons.
6. An electron transmission occurs from 𝑛 = 4 & 𝑛 = 2 energy level in hydrogen atom. Find the
wavelength of the emitted radiation if the energy of the electron in the ground state is −13.6𝑒𝑉. To
which series does the spectral line belong?

Page | 25
 Chapter - 13
Nuclei
One mark questions:
1. Define atomic mass unit (1𝑎𝑚𝑢 𝑜𝑟 1𝑢)
2. How many neutrons are present in 56 Ba 141 ?
3. Which nucleus does not contain neutrons?
4. Which is the device used for measurement of atomic masses?
5. How does nuclear radius of an atom depend on its mass number?
6. Write the relation between the radius of the nucleus and mass number.
7. What is the order of nuclear radius or diameter?
8. What is the order of magnitude of nuclear density?
9. How does the nuclear density depend on the size of the nucleus?
10. What is the ratio of nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass numbers in the ratio 1:3?
11. What is mass defect?
12. What is binding energy?
13. What is specific binding energy or binding per nucleon?
14. What is the significance of binding energy per nucleon?
15. What is nuclear fission?
16. Give an example of nuclear fission reaction.
17. What is nuclear fusion?
18. Give an example for nuclear fusion reaction.
19. What is natural radioactivity?
20. Who discovered radioactivity?
21. The decay of proton to neutron is possible only inside the nucleus. Why?
22. What is disintegration energy or Q value?
23. What is nuclear force?
24. What is the order of temperature required for nuclear fusion reaction to occur?
25. What is the significance of specific binding energy or binding energy per nucleon?

Two mark questions:

1. What are isotopes? Give example.
2. What are isobars? Give example.
3. What are isotones? Give example.
4. What is nuclear fission? Give an example.
5. What is nuclear fusion? Give an example.
6. Give two main features or observations of binding energy curve.
7. What is meant by binding energy per nucleon? Mention its importance.

Three mark questions:

1. What is nuclear force? Give the properties of Nuclear forces
2. Draw Binding energy curve
3. Give two features of Binding energy curve.
4. What are the conclusions of binding energy curve.

Page | 26
5. Mention the types of radioactive decay and explain briefly.
6. Give the differences between Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion.

Numerical Problems:
1. Calculate the mass defect and specific binding energy of 7 N 14 . Given that
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 = 14.00307𝑢, 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 =
1.00783𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 1.00867𝑢 [March 2014]
2. Calculate the binding energy and binding energy per nucleon of 8 O 16 . Given that
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 = 15.995𝑢, 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 1.007825𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 =
1.008665𝑢
3. Calculate the binding energy of an alpha (α) particle in MeV from the following data.
Mass of Helium Nucleus = 4.00260u
Mass of neutron = 1.008662u
Mass of proton = 1.007825u
4. A copper coin has a mass of 63.0g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required to separate all
the neutrons and protons from each other. The coin is entirely made of 𝐶𝑢 atoms.
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑢 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 62.92960𝑢
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 1.00727𝑢
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 1.00866𝑢
𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 6.022 × 10
5. Calculate the energy released in MeV by 1g of 𝑈 in the following fission reaction.
92 U  0 n  56 Ba  36 Kr  3 0 n
235 1 141 92 1

Given: Mass of U = 235.04394 amu; Mass of

235
92
92
36 Kr = 91.88544 amu
Mass of 141
56 Ba = 140.91784 amu; Mass of n = 1.00874 amu
1
0

6. A 100MW nuclear reactor uses U-235 as fuel. Assuming energy released per fission of U-235 be
207MeV. Calculate the mass of U-235 consumed in a day?

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 Chapter - 14
Semiconductor electronics

One mark questions:

1. What is the conductivity of a semiconductor at 0K?
2. Give the value of energy gap for conductors?
3. What is meant by doping?
4. What are dopants?
5. Give an example of pentavalent impurity.
6. Give an example of trivalent impurity.
7. How is a n-type semiconductor obtained from an intrinsic semiconductor?
8. What are the majority and minority charge carriers in n-type semiconductor?
9. How is a p-type semiconductor obtained from an intrinsic semiconductor?
10. What are the majority and minority charge carriers in p-type semiconductor?
11. What is the charge of an n-type semiconductor?
12. What is the charge of a p-type semiconductor?
13. What is a p-n junction?
14. What is semiconductor diode or p-n junction diode?
15. What is depletion region or layer?
16. What is rectification?
17. What is a rectifier?

Two mark questions:

1. Give the conductivity range for a) conductors b) semiconductors c) insulators
2. Draw I-V characteristics curve for forward bias and reverse bias of a semiconductor diode.
3. What are intrinsic semiconductors? Give example
4. What are extrinsic semiconductors? Give example
5. What are n-type and p-type semiconductors?

Three mark questions:

1. Explain the formation of energy bands in solids.
2. Define (a) valence band (b) conduction band (c) energy band gap (or forbidden energy gap) in solids.
3. With a diagram explain the electrical conductivity of instrinsic semiconductors.
4. With a diagram explain the formation of n-type semiconductor.
5. With a diagram explain the formation of p-type semiconductor.
6. Distinguish between Intrinsic and Extrinsic semi conductors.
7. Distinguish between n-type an p-type semiconductors.
8. Distinguish between Forward bias and Reverse bias.

Five mark questions:

1. Explain the formation of energy bands in solids. On the basis of energy bands distinguish between a
metal, a semiconductor and an insulator.

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2. Describe with suitable block diagrams, action of p-n junction diode under forward and reverse bias
conditions. Also draw I-V characteristics.
3. What is rectification? With a circuit diagram explain the working of a half wave rectifier. Draw the
input and output waveforms.
4. What is rectification? With a relevant circuit diagram and waveforms explain the working of a PN
junction diode as a full wave rectifier.

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