P1

WORK SHEET I

SUBJECT : PHYSICS

CLASS – XII LESSON—ELECTROSTATICS

Q1. Two point charges q1 and q2 are placed close to each other. What is the nature of the force
between them when: (i) q1q2 < 0 and (ii) q1q2 >0? 1

Q2. Name the quantity with unit J/C. Is it a scalar or vector quantity? 1

Q3. An electric dipole of dipole moment 2x10 -6 C m is enclosed by a closed surface. What is the flux
passing out of the surface? 1

Q4. What is the angle between the directions of electric field at any (i) axial point and (ii) equatorial
point due to an electric dipole? 1

Q5. Two point charges placed at a distance r in air exert a force F on each other. At what distance
will these charges experience the same force F in a medium of dielectric constant K? 1

Q6. Consider a dipole of length 2a. What is the magnitude and direction of electric field at the mid
point of the length of the dipole 2

Q7. Two charges +10µC and -20µC are placed 15 cm apart. At what point on the line joining the two
charges is the electric potential zero? 2

Q8. The following data was obtained for the dependence of the magnitude of electric field, with
distance, from a reference point O, within the charge distribution in the shaded region. 2

(i) Identify the charge distribution and justify your answer.

(ii)
 (iii) If the potential due to this charge distribution has a value V at the point A, what is its
value at the point B and C.

Q9. Derive expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line of dipole. 3

Q10. Using Gauss Theorem, show mathematically that for a point outside a shell, the field due to a
uniformly charged thin shell is the same as if the entire charge of the shell is concentrated at the
centre. Why do you expect electric field inside the shell to be zero according to this theorem? 3

Q11. An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a uniform electric field. Write the expression
for the torque experienced by the dipole. Identify two pairs of perpendicular vectors in the
expression. Show diagrammatically the orientation of the dipole in the field for which the torque
is (i) Maximum (ii) Half the maximum value (iii) Zero. 3

Q12. Derive expression for energy stored in parallel plate capacitor. Net capacitance of three
identical capacitors in series is 1µF. What will be their net capacitance if connected in parallel?
Find the ratio of energy stored in the two configurations if they are both connected to the same
source.

WORK SHEET II

SUBJECT : PHYSICS

CLASS – XII LESSON—ELECTROSTATICS

Q1. The graph shown here, shows the variation of the total energy I stored in a capacitor against the
value of the capacitanceI itself. Which of the two – the charge on the capacitor or the potential
used to charge it is kept constant for this graph? 1

Q2. In which orientation a dipole placed in uniform electric field is in (i)

stable (ii) unstable equilibrium? 1
Q3. The electric potential as a function of distance x is shown in Fig . Construct a graph of the
electric field strength E. 2
2

Q4. The two graphs drawn below, show the variation of electrostatic potential (V) with I being
distance of point from the point charge for two point charges Q 1 and Q2. 1
(i) What are the signs of the two charges?
(ii) Which of the two charges has a larger magnitude?

Q5. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its surface is 10 V.
What is the potential at the centre of sphere. 1
Q6. Define electric potential. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a distance r from a
point charge q.

2
Q7. Why two equipotential do not cross each. Draw equipotential surface for electric field which is
decreasing along X-axis.

2
Q8. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4m diameter has a surface charge density
8.0x10-7C/m2. Find the charge on the sphere. What is the total flux leaving the surface?

2
Q9 A parallel plate capacitor is charged to a potential difference ‘V’ by a dc source. The capacitor is
then disconnected from the source and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant ‘K’ is inserted
between the plates. How does the (i) the capacitance, (ii) electric field between the plates and
(iii) the energy stored in the capacitor be affected? Justify your answer in each case. 3
Q10. A conducting slab of thickness‘t’ is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor,
separated by a distance ‘d’ (t<d). Derive expression for capacity of capacitor. 3
Q11. State Gauss’s Law in electrostatics. Using it derive expression for electric field due to uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet.

WORKSHEET 3
1. A proton is placed is a uniform electric field directed along the positive X-axis. In which
direction will it tend to move?
1
2. What is the electric potential due to an electric dipole at an equatorial point?
1
3. If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does the electric
flux through the Gaussian surface change?
1
4. Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other? Justify your answer.
1
5. A metal plate is introduced between the plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor. What
is its effect on the capacitance of the capacitor?
1
6. Calculate the amount of work done in turning an electric dipole of dipole moment 3×10-8
C-m from its position of unstable equilibrium to the position of stable equilibrium in a
uniform electric field of intensely 103NC-1.
2
7. The sum of two point charges in 7Nc they repel each other with a force of 1N when kept
30cm apart in free space. Calculate the value of each charge.
2
8. Two point charges q 1=10 ×10−8 C and q 2=−2 ×10−8 C are separated by a distance of
10cm in air

(iv) What is distance from charge q 1 would the electric potential be zero?
(ii) Also, calculate the electric potential energy of the system.
2
9. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Use this law derive an expression for the electric field
due to a long straight wire of linear charge density λ C-m.
3
10. State the principle of the device that can build-up high voltages of the order of a few
million volts. Draw its labeled diagram. A stage reaches in this device when the potential
at the outer sphere cannot be increased further by piling up more charge on it. Explain
why? 3
11. A parallel plate capacitor is changed by a battery. After some-times, the battery is
disconnected and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K is inserted between the plates.
How would
(i)the capacitances
(ii) the electric field between plates
(iii)the energy stored in the capacitor, be affected?

Justify your answer.

3
12. (i)Define electric flux. Write its SI units.
(ii)Using Gauss’s law, prove that electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged
infinite plane sheet is independent of the distance from it.
(iii)How is the field directed if
(a) the sheet is positively charged
(b) Negatively charged?
5

NUMERICALS
LEVEL I
1. What is the charge acquired by a body when 1 million electrons are transferred to it?

2. An attractive force of 5N is acting between two charges of +2.0 μC & -2.0 μC placed at
some distance. If the charges are mutually touched and placed again at the same distance,
what will be the new force between them?

3. A charge of +3.0 x 10-6 C is 0.25 m away from a charge of -6.0 x 10-6C.

a. What is the force on the 3.0 x 10-6 C charge?
b. What is the force on the -6.0 x 10-6 C charge
4. An electric dipole consist of a positive and a negative charge of 4µC each placed at a
distance of 5mm. Calculate dipole moment

5. Three capacitors of capacitances 2µF, 3µF and 4µF are connected in parallel. What is the
equivalent capacitance of the combination? Determine charge on each capacitor, if the
combination is connected to 100V supply
6. An electric dipole with dipole moment 4x10-9C-m is aligned at 300 with direction of
electric field of magnitude 5x104N/C. Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the
dipole.
 7. A point charge of 2µC is at the centre of cubic Gaussian surface 9.0 cm in edge. What is
the net electric flux through the surface?

8. What is the amount of work done in moving a 200nC charge between two points 5 cm
apart on an equipotential surface?
9. How much work must be done to charge a 24 μF capacitor, when the potential difference
between the plates is 500 V?
10. What is the equivalent capacity of the network given below?

____________________________________________________________________________

LEVEL II

1. What is the work done in moving a charge of 100μC through a distance of 1cm along the
equatorial line of dipole?

2. The given graph shows that variation of charge q versus potential difference V for two
capacitors C1 and C2. The two capacitors have same plate separation but the plate area of
C2 is double than that of C1. Which of the lines in the graph correspond to C1 and C2 and
why?

3. Two point charges 5µC and – 4 µC are separated by a distance

of 1 m in air. At what point on the line joining the charges is
the electric potential zero?

4. Two charges +5µC and +20µC are placed 15 cm apart. At what point on the line joining
the two charges is the electric field zero?

5. Two charges +16µC and −9 µC are placed 8 cm apart. At what point on the line joining
the two charges is the electric field zero?
6. A 600 pF capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected and from the
supply and is connected to another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much electrostatic
energy is lost in the process.

7. Keeping the voltage of the charging source constant, what will be the percentage change
in the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor if the separation between its plates were
to be decreased by 10%.

8. Four charges are placed at the vertices of a square of side d as shown in the figure.(i)
Find the work done to put together this arrangement. (ii) A charge q 0is brought to the
center E of the square, the four charges being held fixed at its corners. How much extra
work is needed to do this?

9. If S1 and S2 are two hollow spheres enclosing charges Q and 2Q respectively as shown in
the figure

(i) What is the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2?
(ii) How will the flux through the sphere S 1 change, if a medium of dielectric constant 5
is filled in the space inside S1.

10. A charge of 24μC is given to a hollow sphere of radius 0.2m. Find the potential
(i) at the surface of the sphere, and
(ii) at a distance of 0.1 m from the centre of the sphere.
 (iii)at the centre
LEVEL III
1. A slab of material of dielectric constant has the same area as the plates of a parallel plate
capacitor but has a thickness 3d / 4, where d is the separation of the plates. How is the
capacitance changed when the slab is inserted between the plates?

2. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8µF. What will
be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is doubled and the space between
them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant K=6?

3. Two dipoles, made from charges ±q and ±Q, respectively, have equal dipole moments.
Give the (i) ratio between the ‘separations’ of these two pairs of charges (ii) angle
between the dipole axis of these two dipoles.

4. The capacitors C1, and C2, having plates of area A each, are connected in series, as
shown. Compare the capacitance of this combination with the capacitor C3, again having
plates of area A each, but ‘made up’ as shown in the figure.

5. A point charge +10μC is at a distance 5cm directly above the centre of a square of side
10cm as shown in fig. What is the magnitude of flux through the square?

6. Calculate equivalent capacitance of the given network and determine the charge and voltage
across each capacitor.

7. Two identical charges ,Q each are kept at a distance r from each other. A third charge q is placed
on the line joining the two charges such that all the three charges are in equilibrium. What is
magnitude, sign and position of the charge q?
 8. ABCD is a square of side 5m. Charges of +50C, -50C and +50C are placed at A,C and D
respectively . Find the magnitude of resultant electric field at B.

9. A cube with each side a is kept in electric field given by E = Cx as

shown in the figure where C is a positive dimensional constant. Find
(i) The electric flux through the cube, and

(ii) The net charge inside the cube.

10. Two parallel plate capacitor X and Y have same area of plates and

same separation between them. X has air between the plates whereas Y has a dielectric of
constant k=4
(i) Calculate capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance is4 μF.
(ii) Calculate potential difference between the plates of X and Y.
(iii) What is the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y.

UNIT: I ELECTROSTATICS
ANSWERS
LEVEL I
1. Q = Ne 1.6 x10-13C
2. F=0
3. FAB = FBA=2.736N
4. P=2x10-8 C-m
5.
6. 10-4Nm
7. 2,26x105Nm2/C
8. W=0
9. W=3J
10. C=15µF

LEVEL II
1. 0
2. A
5
3. m from 5µC charge
9
 4. 5 cm from 5 µC charge
5. 24cm from -9 µC charge
6. 6x10-6 J
7. 11.11%
q2
8. (4−√ 2) , 0
4 π ∈0
Q
9. 1 :3 , ∅=
5 ∈0
10. (i) 1.08x106V (ii) 1.08x106V (iii)1.08x106V

LEVEL III
4k
1. C
k +3 0

2. 24 µF

3. q a=Q A or a/A=Q/q θ = 0

4. C3= Ceq

5. 1.88x105Nm2/C

200
6. pF ,100 V, 50V, 50V, 200V,10-8C, 10-8C, 10-8C,2x10-8 C
3

7. Q/4, Positive, r/2

8. 2.7x1010N/C
9. a3C N-m2/C, a3Cϵ 0 Coulombs.
10. Cx=5μF Cy= 20Μf

WORKSHEET - 1 (Current Electricity)

Very short Answer type Questions [1 mark each]

1. Write the condition under which the p.d. between the terminals of a battery and its emf is
equal.
2. The sequence of bands, marked on a carbon resistor is brown, black, brown and gold. Write
the value of resistance.
3. What is the effect of temperature on the conductivity of an electrolyte?
4. A wire of resistivity  is stretched to twice its length. What will be its new resistivity?
5. How does the drift velocity of e’s in a metallic conductor vary with increase in temperature?

Short Answer Type Questions-I [2 marks each]

6. You are given ‘n’ resistors each of resistance ‘r’. These are first connected to get of
minimum possible resistance. In the second case these are again connected differently to
get maximum possible resistance. Compute the ratio between the minimum and maximum
values resistance so obtained.
7. Draw V-I graph for ohmic and non- ohmic materials. Give one example for each.
8. How does the resistivity of (i) a conductor and (ii) a semiconductor vary with
temperature? Give reasons.
9. Name the two factors on which the resistivity of a given material depends. A carbon resistor
has a value
of 62K with a tolerance of 5% . Give the colour code for this resistor.
10. Out of the two bulbs marked 25W and 100W, which one has higher resistance.

Short Answer Type Questions-II [3 marks each]

11. Define the terms resistivity and conductivity and state their S.I. units. Draw a graph
showing the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical semiconductor.
12. Define the temperature coefficient of resistivity. Write its S.I. unit. Plot a graph showing
the variation of resistivity of nichrome / copper with temperature.
13. What is meant by drift velocity of free e’ s. Derive ohm’s law on the basis of the theory of
electron drift.
14. A series battery of 6 lead accumulators of emf 2V and external resistance of 0.5  is
charged by a 100V d.c. supply. What series resistance should be used in the charging
circuit in order to limit the current to 8A. Using the required resistor, obtain (i) power
supplied by the d.c. source and (ii) the power dissipated as heat.
15. In the network given below, use Kirchhoff’s laws to calculate the values of electric currents
I1 and I2 and I3.

16. Using Kirchoff’s rules determine the value of unknown resistance R in the circuit so that no
current flows through 4Ωresistance. Also find the potential difference between A and D.
 Long Answer Type Questions [5 marks each]

.
17. (a) State Kirchhoff’s rules for an electric network . Using Kirchhoff's rules, obtain
the balance condition in terms of the resistances of four arms of Wheatstone
bridge.
(b) In the meter bridge experimental set up, shown in the figure, the/null point 'D' is
obtained at a distance of 40 cm from end A of the meter bridge wire. I f a
resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series with X, null point is obtained at AD = 60 cm.
Calculate the values of X and Y.

WORKSHEET - 2 (Current Electricity)

Very short Answer type Questions [1 mark each]

1. The metallic conductor is at a temperature 1, the temperature of the conductor is increased to
2. How
will the product of its resistivity and conductivity change?
2. The sequence of bands, marked on a carbon resistor is brown, black, brown and gold. Write
the value of resistance.
3. A parallel combination of two cells of Emfs E1 & E2 and internal resistances r1, and r2 is used
to supply current to a load of resistance R. Write the expression for the current through the
load in terms of E1, E2, r1 and r2.
4. Which physical quantity does the slope of voltage versus current graph for a metallic
conductor depict? Give its SI unit.
5. Why is it generally preferred to obtain the balance point near the middle of the bridge wire in
meter bridge experiments?

Short Answer Type Questions-I [2 marks each]

6. Explain how electron mobility changes for a good conductor when (i) the temperature of the
conductor is decreased at constant potential difference and (ii) applied potential difference is
doubled at constant temperature.
7. Explain how the average velocity of free electrons in a metal at constant temperature, in an
electric field, remains constant even though the electrons are being constantly accelerated by
this electric field?

8. Using Kirchoff’s laws, calculate the potential difference across the 8 ohm resistor.

Short Answer Type Questions-II [3 marks each]

9. Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift
speed of electrons.
10. A number of identical cells, n, each of emf e, internal resistance r connected in series are
charged by a DC source of emf E , using a resistor R.
(i) Draw the circuit arrangement.
(ii) Deduce the expressions for (a) the charging current and (b) the potential difference
across the combination of the cells.
11. Is current density a vector or a scalar quantity? Deduce the relation between current density
and potential difference across a current carrying conductor of length l, area of cross-section
A, and number density of free electrons n.
12. In the given network find the values of currents I1 , I2 and I3.

13. State Kirchhoff's rules of current distribution in an electrical network. Using these rules
determine the value of the current I1 in the electric circuit given below.

(i) Draw the necessary circuit diagram. (ii) Find the values of emfs of the two cells.
14. Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in
the circuit is 0.2 A. What would be the potential difference between points B and E?

Long Answer Type Questions [5 marks each]

15. Write the condition of balance in a Wheatstone bridge. In the given Wheatstone bridge, the
current in the resistor 3R, is zero. Find the value of R, if the carbon resistor, connected in CD
arm of the bridge, has the colour sequence of red, red and orange.
The resistances, of BC and CD arms, are now interchanged and another carbon resistance is
connected in place of R so that the current through the arm BD is again zero. Write the
sequence of colour bands of this carbon resistor. Also find the value of current through it.

WORKSHEET - 3 (Current Electricity)

1. Name two parameters which determine the resistivity of a material.
2. Of which material is a potentiometer wire normally made and why?
3. Under what condition can we draw maximum current from a secondary cell?
4. A wire of resistivity 𝞺 is stretched to double its length. What will be its new resistivity?
5. A carbon resistor is marked in colour bands of red, black, orange and silver. What is the
resistance and tolerance value of the resistor.
6. Plot a graph showing the variation of conductivity with the temperature T in a metallic
conductor.
7. Draw a graph to show the variation of resistance R of the metallic wire as a function of its
diameter D keeping the other factor constant.
8. Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter but different materials are joined in series
across a battery. If the number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y, find the ratio of
drift velocity of electrons in the two wires.
9. Write the mathematical relation for the resistivity of a terms of relaxation time, number
density, and mass and charge carries in it, Explain using this relation, why the resistivity of
a metal increases and that of a semiconductor decreases with rise in temperature.
10. What is the change in resistance of an Eureka wire when its radius is halved and the length
is reduced to one-fourth of its original value.
11. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to write the expressions for the currents l 1, l 2 and l 3
in the circuit diagram shown.

12. In the meter bridge experiment, balance point was observed at J with AJ = l.
(i) The values of R and X were doubled and then interchanged. What would be the new
position of balance point?
(ii) If the galvanometer and battery are interchanged at the balance position, how will the
balance point get affected?

13. a) Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift
speed of
electrons. b) A number of identical cells, n, each of emf E, internal resistance r connected
in series are charged by a d.c. source of emf E¢, using a resistor R.
(i) Draw the circuit arrangement.
(ii) Deduce the expressions for (a) the charging current and (b) the potential difference
across the combination of the cells.
 WORKSHEET (NUMERICALS) : LEVEL - I

1. What happens to the power dissipation if the value of electric current passing through a
conductor of constant resistance is doubled.

2. A cell of emf 2 V and internal résistance 0.1  is connected to a 3.9  external resistance.
What will be the current in circuit?

3. Calculate the resistivity of a material of a wire 1 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter and having a
resistance of 2 ohm.
4. In a potentiometer arrangement; a cell of emf 1.25 V gives a balance point at 35.0 cm length
of the wire. If the cell is replaced by another cell and the balance point shifts to 63.0 cm,
what is the emf of the second cell? .
5 .A current is maintained in a conductor of cross-section 10-4 m2. If the number density of free
electrons be 9 x 1028 m-3and the drift velocity of free electrons be 6.94 x10 – 9 m/s, calculate the
current in the conductor.
6 .A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1  at 27.5 0C, and a resistance of 2.7  at 100 0C.
Determine the temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver.
7. Three resistors 1 , 2  and 3  are combined in series. (a) What is the total resistance of the
combination? (b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 12 V and negligible internal
resistance, determine the total current drawn from the battery.
8. (a) Three resistors 2 , 4  and 5  are combined in parallel. What is the total resistance of
the combination? (b) If the combination is connected to a battery of emf 20 V and negligible
internal resistance and the total current drawn from the battery.
9.A Voltage of 30V is applied across a carbon resistor with first second and third rings of blue,
black and yellow colours respectively. Calculate the value of current in mA, through the resistor.

10.In a meter bridge the balance point is found to be 39.5 cm from one end A, when the
resistor Y is of 12.5  . Determine the resistance of X.
WORKSHEET (NUMERICALS) : LEVEL - II

1. A cell of emf 2 V and internal résistance 0.1  is connected to a 3.9  external resistance.
What will be the p.d. across the terminals of the cell?

2. Out of the two bulbs marked 25W and 100W, which one has higher resistance.

3. A cell of 6 V and internal resistance 2 is connected to a variable resistor. For what value of
current does maximum power dissipation occur in the circuit?

4. What is the largest voltage you can safely put across a resistor marked 98  - 0.5 W?

5. Two heater wires of the same dimensions are first connected in series and them in parallel to
a source of supply . What will be ratio of heat produced in two cases?

6. Using data given in graph determine (i) emf (ii) internal resistance of the cell.
(iii) For what current, does maximum power dissipation occur in the circuit?

7. You are given ‘n’ resistors each of resistance ‘r’. These are first connected to get of
minimum possible resistance. In the second case these are again connected differently to get
maximum possible resistance. Compute the ratio between the maximum and minimum values
resistance so obtained.
9.Two identical cells of emf 1.5V each are joined in parallel providing supply to an external
circuit consisting of two resistors of 13 each joined in parallel . A very high resistance
voltmeter reads the terminal voltage of the cells to be 1.4V. Find the internal resistance of each
cell.

10.Three cells of emf 2V, 1.8V and 1.5V are connected in series. Their internal resistances are
0.05, 0.7 and 1 respectively. If this battery is connected to an external resistance of 4,
calculate :
(i) the total current flowing in the circuit. (ii) the p.d. across the terminals of the cell of emf
1.5V.

WORKSHEET (NUMERICALS): LEVEL - III

1. What is the current flowing in the arm BD of this circuit.

2. A cylindrical metallic wire is stretched to increase its length by 5%. Calculate the percentage
change in its resistance.

3. Two cells of EMF 1V, 2V and internal resistances 2Ω and 1Ω respectively are connected in
(i) series, (ii) parallel. What should be the external resistance in the circuit so that the current
through the resistance be the same in the two cases? In which case more heat is generated in
the cells?

4. Calculate the temperature at which the resistance of a conductor becomes 20% more than its
resistance at 270C. The value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the conductor is 2
x 10-4 / K.

5. Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross sectional area is in
the ratio of 1:2. They are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel. Compare the drift
velocities of electrons in the two wires in both the cases.
6. Two wires X, Y have the same resistivity but their cross-sectional areas in the ratio 2:3 and
lengths in the ratio 1:2. They are first connected in series and then in parallel to a dc source.
Find out the ratio of the drift speeds of the electrons in the two wires for the two cases.

7. A room has AC run for 5 hours a day at a voltage of 220V. The wiring of the room consists
of Cu of 1 mm radius and a length of 10m. Power consumption per day is 10 commercial
units. What fraction of it goes in the joule heating in the wires? What would happen if the
wiring is made of Al of the same dimensions? [ρCu = 1.7 x 10-8 Ωm, ρAl = 2.7 x 10-8 Ωm]
8. Two cells of emf 1.5 V and 2V and internal resistance 1  and 2  are connected in parallel
to pass a current in the same direction through an external resistance of 5 . (a) Draw Circuit
Diagram. (b) Using Kirchhoff’s laws, calculate the current through each branch of the circuit
and p.d. across the 5  resistor.

9. E2 =1.02V, PQ=1m. When switch S open, null position is obtained at a distance of 51 cm

from P. Calculate (i) potential gradient (ii) emf of the cell E 1 (iii) when switch S is closed,
will null point move towards P or Q. Give reason for your answer.

10. AB=100 cm, RAB=10. Find the balancing length AC.

11. Find the value of the unknown resistance X in the circuit, if no current flows through the
section AO. Also calculate the current drawn from the battery of emf 6V.

12. E1 = 2V, E2 = 4V, r1 = 1, r2 = 2, R = 5

Calculate (i) current (ii) p.d. between B and A (iii) p.d. between A and C.
13. 12 cells, each of emf 1.5V and internal resistance 0.5Ω, are arranged in m rows each
containing n cells connected in series, as shown. Calculate the values of n and m for which
this combination would send maximum current through an external resistance of 1.5Ω

14. The given figure shows the experimental set up of a meter bridge. The null point is found to
be 60cm away from the end A with X and Y in position as shown. When a resistance of 15Ω
is connected in series with ‘Y’, the null point is found to shift by 10cm towards the end A of
the wire. Find the position of null point if a resistance of 30Ω were connected in parallel with
‘Y’.

15. A cell of unknown emf E and internal resistance r, two unknown resistances R 1 and R2
(R2>R1) and a perfect ammeter are given. The current in the circuit is measured in five
different situations : (i) Without any external resistance in the circuit, (ii) With resistance R 1
only, (iii) With resistance R2 only, (iv) With both R1 and R2 used in series combination and
(v) With R1 and R2 used in parallel combination. The current obtained in the five cases are
0.42A, 0.6A, 1.05A, 1.4A, and 4.2A, but not necessarily in that order. Identify the currents in
the five cases listed above and calculate E, r,, R1 and R2.
ANSWERS: LEVEL - I

Q.No. Expected Answers

2 '
1 P = R. When electric current is doubled I = 2 I
I
' ' 2
Power becomes P = I 2R = 4 I R = 4P
2 E
I = r+R = 0.5A
3 −3 2
A πD 2 3. 14×(0 . 4×10 )
ρ=R =R =2× =2. 5×10−7 Ω m
l 4l 4×1
4 E 1 l 1 1. 25 35 63
= ⇒ = ⇒ E2 = ×1 . 25=2 . 25V
E 2 l2 E 2 63 35
28 −19 −4 −9
5 I =neAv d =9×10 ×1. 6×10 ×10 ×6 . 94×10 =10 A
6 R 2−R 1 2 .7−2 .1
α= ⇒ α= =0 . 00390 C−1
R 1 (T 2−T 1 ) 2 .1 ( 100−27 . 5 )
7 RS =R 1 + R2 + R 3 =1+ 2+ 3=6 Ω
(a) Total resistance
E 12
I= = =2 A
RS 6
(b) Current drawn from the battery
8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 20
= + + = + + = Ω⇒ R P = Ω
R P R 1 R 2 R 3 2 4 5 20 19
(a) Total resistance,
E 20
I= = =19 A

(b) Current drawn from the battery

( )
R P 20
19

9 V 30
I= = =0 .5×10−4 A=0 .05 mA
R = 60 x 104 Ω and R 60×10 4
10 l 39 . 5
X= Y= ×12. 5=8 .16 Ω
100−l 100−39 .5
ANSWERS: LEVEL - 2

Q.No. Expected Answers

1 E
I = r+R = 0.5A. V = E – IR = 1.95 V
2
2 V
⇒
1
R= P Rα P .
The bulb marked 25W has higher resistance than the bulb marked 100W.
3 E
For maximum power dissipation, r = R = 2 . I = r+R = 1.5A
4
V= √ PR = 7Volt.
5 2 2
V 2V
Hs = 2 R and HP = R ∴ Hs : HP = 1:4
6 (i) Emf = 1.4V
E−V
(ii) Internal resistance of the cell r = I = 5
E
(iii)For maximum power dissipation I = r+R = .14A
7 r
To get minimum, resistors are connected in parallel. Rp = n
To get maximum, resistors are connected in series. Rs = nr

8 E1 - E2 = 250 ф
E1 + E2 = 400 ф
⇒ E1 : E2 = 13 :3
9 1.5 – Ir = 13 I and 1.4 = 1.5 – Ir ⇒ Ir = 0.1
1.4 13
⇒ I = 13 A and r = 14 Ω
10 2+1. 8+1. 5 5 .3
(i) I =0 . 05+ 0 .7+1+4
= 5 . 75 = 0.92A
(ii) The p.d. across the terminals of the cell of emf 1.5V = E – Ir = 0.58V

ANSWERS: LEVEL - 3

Q.No. Expected Answers

1 P R
The Wheatstone bridge is a balanced because Q = S . Hence there is no current flowing
through arm BD..

2 105 '
Al= A ' l ' ⇒ A= A
100
 l R1 lA ' 2
R= ρ ⇒ = ' ⇒ R 2= (1 . 05 ) R1
A R2 l A
R 2−R 1
Χ 100=10. 25 %
% Change = R 1
5
3 3
3
I P= 2 = 5
For series combination, I S = 3+R and For series combination,
+R
3 3 R+2

I =I ⇒ R=
Given S P
9
4 = 225 Ω .

In series combination more heat is generated in the cells

4 R2 =R 1 [ 1+α ( T 2 −T 1 ) ] ⇒ R+ 0. 2 R=R [ 1+2×10−4 ( T 2−300 ) ] ⇒T 2=1300 K
5 I v d 1 A2 2
vd = = =
(i) In series, current in both wires is same. Drift velocity neA , v d 2 A1 1
eV τ
vd =
(ii) In parallel, p.d. across the both wires is same. Drift velocity ml
vd 1 l1 1
= =
vd 2 l2 1 .

6 (i) When wires are connected in series: In series, the current remains the same; so we use the

relation i = neAvd, Resistivity,

ρ=
m
2
ne τ ⇒
n=
m
2
e τρ ⇒
m
i= 2 eAv d
e τρ { }
or
i=
m
Av
e τρ d ⇒
1 ∴ ( v d )X = A Y = 3
¿
vd A (v d )Y A X 2
(ii) When wires are connected in parallel: In parallel, the potential difference is same. In this
case we apply the formula for drift velocity.
eτE eτV 1 ( v d )X l Y 2
vd = = vd ∝ ∴ = =
m ml For same temperature τ is same, so l (v d )Y l X 1

7 Power consumption = 2 units/hour = 2kW = 2000 J/s

I = P/V = 9A
Power loss in wire = I2R = I2ρl/A = 4 J/s =0.2% of total power consumption
Power loss in Aluminium wire = 4 ρCu/ ρAl = 6.4 J/s = 0.32 % of total power consumption

8 (b) I = I1+I2 , 5I+ I1 = 1.5 and

5I+2I2 = 2
⇒ I = 5/17 A
I1 = 0.5/17 A and I2 = 4.5/17 A.

P.d. across 5 Ω resistance = 5I = 1.47V

9 E2
(i) Potential gradient k = l 2 = 0.02V/cm
l
(ii) emf of the cell E1 = k PQ = 2V
When switch S is closed, null point is not affected because no current drawn from cell E1 at the
null point.
10 E1 IR AB
l
I = R AB + R = 0.2A ; ф = l AB = 2 x 10 V/cm ; E2 = ф AC ⇒ AC = 60cm.
−2 l
11 ABCD is a balanced Wheatstone bridge since there is no current in section AO.
P R 2 3
= ⇒ = ⇒ R
Q S 4 X X = 6, BC = 3.6 + 2.4 = 6 , Current drawn by circuit = 1A.

12 Net emf = E2 – E1 = 2V, Total resistance = R+ r1 + r2 = 0.25A

(i) I = 0.25A (ii) VAB = E2- Ir2 = 3.5V (iii) VAC = E1+ Ir1 = 2.25V

13 Resistance of one row = nr,

nr
R
Resistance of m rows int = m
nr
Rint =R eext ⇒ =R ⇒ 0. 5 n=1. 5 m⇒ n=3 m
For max. current, m ……….(1)
Total cells = nm…….. (2) ; On solving (1) & (2), n=6 and m= 2

14 X l X 60
= = ⇒ 2 X =3 Y
Formula Y 100−l , Y 40 ……………..(1)
When a resistance of 15Ω is connected in series with ‘Y’
X 50
= ⇒ X =Y +15
Y +15 50 ………(2) On solving (1) & (2), X = 45 Ω , Y = 30Ω
When a resistance of 30Ω is connected in series with ‘Y’
X l
= ⇒l=75 cm
Y +30 100−l from end A.