2

tbmtk-^n-t\m-SpÅ Adn-bn¸pw
I\yIm P\-\hpw
(1:18-þ25)
tbip-hnsâ A½-b¸ - ·
- m-cpsS ]cn-Nb
- a
- pÅ kw`hw 1:18-þ25þÂ ]d-ªn-
cn-¡p-¶p. hcp-hm-\n-cn-¡p¶ tbip-hnsâ P\\ hnhcw tbmtk-^n\p
w, adn-b-bpsS IpSpw-_-¯n-\pw, {]tXy-In¨v adn-b¡pw e`n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ
BÝ-cys¯ Ipdn¨v \ap¡v Duln-¡p-hmt\ Ign-bp.
{]h-N\ \nd-th-de
- m-bn-cp¶p tbip F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p {]kvXm-h\ - b
- psS
Du¶Â; bpK-§-tfmfw aÀ½-am-bn-cp¶ ssZh-¯nsâ ]²Xn shfn-s¸-
Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p; tbip shdpsamcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-¶nÃ
F¶-XmWv {]tXy-IX; ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m-em-bn-cp¶p Ahs\ KÀ`w [cn-
¡p-¶-Xv. Ah³ hmkvX-h-¯n ssZhw PU-ambn XoÀ¶-h-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
Ahsâ `uan-I-cmb A½-b-¸-·m-cpsS \oXn-bpÅ kz`mhw thZ-`mKw
hyà-am-¡p-¶p; -tbip temI-¯n-te¡p h¶-Xns\ Ipdn¨v A]-IoÀ¯n-
]-c-amb H¶p-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.

hnj-am-h-Ø þ ""inip-thm-Sp-IqsS I p'' (1:18)

18 F¶m tbip- { In- k v X p- h nsâ P\\w Cuh®w Bbn- c p- ¶ p.
Ahsâ A½-bmb adnb tbmtk-^n¶p hnhm-lw -\n-Ýbn¡-s¸-«-tijw
AhÀ IqSn hcp-½ps¼ ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m KÀ`n-Wn-bm-bn F¶p I p.

hmIyw 18. 1:18 se P\\w F¶ hm¡v {Ko¡nÂ\n-¶p (-sP-s\-kn-kv)

XÀPna sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, AhnsS ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv ""hwim-hen'' F¶m-
Wv. ap³]v ]dª hmIy-§-Ä tbip-hnsâ am\p-jnI ]qÀÆn-I-h-is¯
kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶X - pw, ]n¶o-SpÅ hmIy-§Ä tbip{InkvXp temI-¯n-te¡p
hcp-¶-Xns\ kw_-Ôn-¨p-ap-Å-Xm-Wv.
Ahsâ A½ adnb1 tbmtk-^n\p hnhmlw \nÝ-bn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.
C¶s¯ ]mÝmXy hnhml \nÝ-b-t¯-¡mÄ Dd-¸p-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p ]p
cm-X\ sblqZ temI-¯nse hnhml \nÝ-bw (-B-hÀ. 20:7).2 hnhml \n
Ýbw Ignª kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw hnhmlw Ign-ª-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv,
]s£ AhÀ Hcpan¨v Xma-kn-¡p-hm³ ]mSn-Ã. tbmtk-^n-tâbpw adn-
b-bp-tSbpw Imcy-¯nÂ, tbmtk-^v ""`À¯m-hmbpw'' (1:19) adn-b ""`mcy-
bmbpw'' (1:20)3 Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. hnhml \nÝbw Ignª ]pcp-j³
hnhm-l-¯n\p ap³]v Xsâ {]Xn-{ipX h[p-hns\ Hgn-hm-¡-W-sa-¦n-Â
hnhmlw Ign-¡p-¶-Xn\p kÀ«n-^n-¡äp Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m

41
se ""Dt]-£W ]{Xw'' kv{Xo¡v \ÂI-Wa - m-bn-cp-¶p (B-h. 24:1þ4; aÀs¡m.
10:4).4 Dt]-£-W-]{Xw ]pcp-j³ kv{Xo¡v c v km£n-IÄ H¸nt«m AsÃ-
¦n-Â c v km£n-If - psS at²ytbm \ÂI-Ww.5 B \S-]S- n¡v tImS-Xntbm
\ymbm-[n-]t\m Bh-iy-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. ""GsXmcp ]pcp-jt- \bpw [hnhmlw]
Ign-¡p-hm³ Rm³ \ns¶ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶p.''6 F¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw anjv\m
A\p-k-cn¨v Dt]-£W ]{X-¯nsâ DÅ-S-¡w. hnhmlw \nÝ-bn-¡-s¸«
HcmÄ ac-W-s¸-«m \nd-th-dn-b-Xmbn IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. Pohn-¨n-cn-
¡p¶ kv{Xo hn[h Bbpw ]pcp-j³ hn[p-c³ Bbpan-cn¡pw ]n¶o-Sv.
hnhml \nÝ-b-¯n\pw hnhm-l-¯n-\p-an-S-¡p-Å Ime-b-fhv GXm\pw
amkw apXÂ Hcp hÀjw hsc \o p-t]m-tb-¡mw. AXn-\p-tijw hc³
h[p-hnsâ ASp¯p sN¶p- þ -hn-cp-¶p-Im-tcm-Sp-Iq-sS þ h-[p-hns\ hnhm-
l-Øe - t- ¯¡v B\-bn-¨p-sIm- p-h¶p hnhmlw Ign¨v IpSpw-_P - o-hnXw
\bn-¡pw (22:1þ14; 25:1þ13 t\m¡pI).
AhÀ IqSn hcp-½ps¼ AhÄ ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m KÀ`n-Wn-bmbn
F¶p I p. adnb aq¶p amkw Fen-i-s_¯n-t\m-sSm¸w Xma-kn-¨Xpw
ZqXsâ Acp-f-¸mSpw hni-Z-ambn eqs¡m-knsâ kphn-ti-j-¯n ]d-bp-
¶p (-eq-s¡m. 1:26-þ56). Cu ka-b-¯n\p tijw AhÄ ho«n-te¡v aS§n
t]mIp-Ibpw KÀ`-e-£Ww I p-Xp-S-§p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbmtk^v adn-
b-bp-ambn ssewKn-I-_Ôw ]peÀ¯m-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, AhÄ Ahn-iz-
kvX-bm-sW¶ tXm¶-ep- m-bn. \ymb-{]-am-W-{]-Imcw hnhm-l-\n-Ýbw
Ignª ]pcp-j-\m-bmepw kv{Xobm-bmepw Ahn-iz-kvX-cm-bm hy`n-Nm-c-
Ip-ä-am-Wv, Ipäw sNbvX Bsf IsÃ-dnªp sImÃ-Ww (-B-hÀ. 22:23, 24).

A\p-{K-lw- þ -c-£n-Xm-hv
B-Ip-hm-\pÅ]p{X³ (1:19-þ21)
19Ah-fpsS `À¯mhmb tbmtk^v \oXn-am-\m-I-sIm pw, AhÄ¡v
temIm-]-hmZw hcp-¯p-hm³ Ah¶p a\-kn-Ãm-bvI-sIm- pw, Ahsf
KqV-ambn Dt]-£n-¸m³ `mhn¨p. 20C§s\ \n\-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ IÀ¯m-
hnsâ ZqX³ Ah¶p kz]v\-¯n {]Xy-£-\mbn ""Zmho-Znsâ aI-\mb
tbmtkt^ \nsâ `mcy-bmb adn-bsb tNÀ¯p-sIm-Ähm³ i¦n-t¡- .;
Ah-fn DÂ]m-Zn-X-am-bXp ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m BIp-¶p. 21AhÄ
Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn-¡pw, Ah³ Xsâ P\s¯ Ah-cpsS ]m]-§-fnÂ\n
¶p c£n-¸m-\n-cn¡ sIm v, \o Ah¶p tbip F¶p t]À CtS-Ww.''

hmIyw 19. adn-bb

- psS `À¯mhv tbmtk-^v, AhÄ KÀ`nWn BsW¶v
Adn-bp-Ibpw inip-hnsâ A¸³ Xm\-söv a\-knem¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-
t¸m-Ä Ah³ hnj-a-I-c-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\-¯n-se-¯n. Ah³ \oXn-am-
\m-bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm v AhÄ¡v temIm-]-hm-Zw hcp-¯-cp-sX¶v hnNm-cn-
¨p. AXn-\m Ahsf KqV-ambn Dt]-£n-¸m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. ""skâ v
Fth'' (A-t]m-tfm) F¶Xp ChnsS ""Dt]-£n-¡pI'' F¶mWv AÀ°w.
sUmWmÄUv G, lmsáÀ ]d-ªp, ""adn-bsb hy`n-Nm-cnWn F¶p ]pd-
¯-dn-bn-¡p-hm³ tbmtk^v B{K-ln-¨n-Ã, AtX kabw ]m] Ipä-apÅ

42
Hcmsf hnhmlw Ign-¡p-hm\pw Ah³ X¿m-dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.''7
tbmtk-^n\v IsÃ-dn-b Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m-am-bn-cpt¶m CÃtbm F¶-
Xns\ kw_-Ôn¨v Nne tNmZy-§Ä \ne-\n¡p-¶p. tdm_À«v F¨v. K - ¬{Sn
Nq n-¡m-«n, ""Nne dºn-am-cpsS sXfn-sh-Sp-¸n IsÃ-dn-b in£¡v Nne-
t¸mÄ Abhv hcp-¯m-dp v., a¯m-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-¯n ]pcp-j³
k¶n-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-¶n-à ...''8 hy`n-Nmc Ipä-¯n ]nSn-¡-s¸« kv{XotbmSv
]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p (-tbm-l. 7:53-þ8:11). ""{]tXyI kml-N-cy-§-fn acW
in£ hn[n-¡p-hm³ H¶mw \qäm- n tdmam-¡m-À {ian-¨n-cp-¶p.''9 F§-
s\-bm-bm-epw, tdmam-¡mÀ B A[n-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n-bXp
{InkvXp-hnsâ P\-\-ti-j-am-Wv10 (10:18; 12:14 se ]cm-aÀiw t\m¡pI).
tbmtk^v Xsâ h[p-hn-t\mSv a\-k-enhv ImWn-¸m³ B{K-ln-¨p,
AhÄ¡v t\cn-Sp-hm-\n-Sb - pÅ FÃm Xcw-Xm-gv¯e - nÂ\n¶pw Ahsf c£n-
¸m³ XmÂ]-cy-s¸-«p. U¥kv BÀ. G. slbÀ ]d-ªp, ""B _Ôs¯
A§s\ ]cn-l-cn-¡p-hm³ Ah³ Xocp-am-\n-¨Xv tIm]w \nan-¯-am-bn-
cp-¶n-Ã, ]ns¶tbm aX-]-c-amb `àn11 \nan-¯-am-bn-cp-¶p.'' At±lw ]n
s¶bpw Fgp-Xn, ""a¯m-bn¡p {]nb-s¸« XXz-hp-ambn, ""bmK-¯n-e-Ã,
Icp-W-bn-emWv Rm³ {]km-Zn-¡p-¶Xv'' F¶-Xn-t\mSv tbmPn-¡p¶ hn[-
¯n-em-bn-cp¶p tbmtk^v Pohn-¨n-cp-¶Xv (tlm-ti.6:6; 9:13 epw 12:7 epw
D²-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p).''12
hmIyw 20. tbmtk^v A§s\ Xocp-am-\n¨ tijw, Ah¶p kz]v
\-¯n IÀ¯m-hnsâ ZqX³ {]Xy-£-\mbn ]d-ªp, ""Zmho-Znsâ k´-
Xn-bmb tbmtk-t^, \nsâ `mcy-bmb adn-bsb tNÀ¯p-sImÄhm³
i¦n-t¡- .'' XÂ^-ea - m-bn, adn-bsb KqV-ambn Dt]-£n-¸m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨-
XnÂ\n¶p Ah³ a\kv amän. ""\nc-]c - m-[nXz kwc-£Ww adn-bsb kw_-
Ôn¨v Ct¸mÄ tbmtk-^n\v bYmÀ°-¯n ]qÀ®-ambn t_m[y-s¸-«p.''13
P\-\s¯ {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶ H¶m-bn-cp¶p tbmtk^v I -Xmb kz]v
\w (1:20; 2:12, 13, 19, 22). tdm_À«v F¨v. au¬kv ]d-ªp, ""Hcp-hn-[-¯nÂ,
Cu tbmtk^v ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nse tbmtk-^ns\ {]Xn-^-en-¡bmWv
[bms¡m-_nsâ aI³], Ah\pw \oXn-am-\pw, kz]v\-¯m kzm[o-\n-¡-
s¸-«h
- \pw an{k-bn-an-te¡v t]mIp-hm³ \nÀº-Ôn-X\ - m-bh - p-am-bn-cp-¶p.''14
- \
s_³ hnsX-dn-§vS³ III ]d-ªp,

adn-b-bpsS Pohn-X-¯n ssZhw CS-s]-«-Xn-t\mSv tbmtk^v {]

Xn-I-cn-¨-Xn-s\-bmWv [a¯mbn] {i²n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, {]tXy-In-¨v, kz]v
\-¯m ssZthjvSw sN¿p-hm³ tbmtk^v F§s\ \bn-¡-s¸«p
F¶p ImWn-¡p-¶p. AXp bmZr-Ýn-I-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, tbip-hns\
IqSmsX, Cu kw`-h-¯n tbmtk-^ns\ am{X-amWv ""Zmho-Znsâ
k´Xn'' F¶p hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X- v. ssZh-\nÀt±-i{- ]-Imcw adn-bt- bbpw
tbip-hn-t\bpw \bn-¡p-Ibpw kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX {]tXyI
]nXm-hm-bn-cp¶p Ah³.15

""Zmho-Znsâ ]p{X³'' F¶ t]À tbmtk-^n Dd-¸n-¡p-¶Xv Ah³

tbip-hnsâ hfÀ¯-ѳ BIp-¶X - n-\m-em-Wv, A§s\ Ah³ Zmho-Znsâ

43
hwim-h-en-bn hcp-¶p- þ -hw-im-h-en-bn B {]tbmKw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p-I-gn-
ª-Xm-Wv (1:1, 6, 16).
adn-b¡v e`n¨ Acp-f-¸m-SnÂ, ktµiw Adn-bn¨ ZqXsâ t]À
K{_n-tb F¶m-bn-cp-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 1:26). tbmtk-^nsâ Imcy-¯nÂ
ZqXsâ t]À ]d-ªn-«n-Ã. adnb KÀ`n-Wn-bm-b inip- ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-
\m-em-bn-cp¶p ... F¶mWv ZqX³ tbmtk-^n-t\mSv Adn-bn-¨-Xv. a¯mbn
hnh-cn-¨-Xmb AÛpX KÀ`-[m-cWw kq£n-t¡- Xpw _lp-am-\n-t¡-
-Xp-am-sW-¶m-bn-cp¶p a¯mbn ]d-ªXv (1:18, 20). ""A\y-tZ-h-·msc
\a-kv¡-cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS hniz-mk-{]-Imcw [{Ko¡v CXn-lm-k-§-fn-te-Xp-t]m
se] tZh\pw tZhnbpw X½n-epÅ ssewKn-I-_Ô{]Im-c-a-Ã, adn¨v adn-b-
bn ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv {]hÀ¯n-¨mWv Ahsâ Dt±iw \nd-th-äp-¶-Xv''16
F¶mWv lmsáÀ ]d-ª-Xv. ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv adn-b-bpsS DZ-c-¯n {]
P Dcp-hm-Ibpw ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\p-amb Hcp hnip² inip-hmbn Xocp-
Ibpw sNbvXp (-eq-s¡m. 1:31-þ35). adn-b-bpsS DZ-c-¯n cq]w sIm Xv
""ssZh-h-N\w'' PU-ambn XoÀ¶-Xn-\m-emWv (tbml. 1:1, 14). dºn-am-cpsS
Nn´-Isf t{ImUo-I-cn¨v tUhnUv ln Fgp-Xn, ""ssZh-¯nsâ Bßmhv
Bcw-`-¯n temI-Øm-]-\-¯n F§s\ {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-bn-cp-¶p-thm,
A{]-Imcw AXnsâ \ho-I-c-W-¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶p'' 17 Ah³ ]n
s¶bpw hni-Z-am-¡n, ""ainlm hos -Sp-¸p-Im-csâ ]pXnb P\-t\m-XvLm-
S-\-¯n (""]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv'')18 {Inbm-ß-I-i-àn-bm ssZhw {]hÀ¯n-
¡p-¶-Xm-bn-«mWv a¯mbn hnh-cn-¡p-¶Xv.''
hmIyw 21. ZqX³ ]ns¶bpw tbmtk-^n-t\mSv ]d-ª-Xv, adn-b-bpsS
DZc-¯n P\n-¡p¶ inip-hn\v Xsâ P\s¯ Ah-cpsS ]m]-§-fnÂ\n
¶p tamNn-¸m-\n-cn-¡-sIm v tbip F¶p t]À hnfn-t¡-Ww. ""tbip''
F¶ F{_mb - - t]c - nsâ {Ko¡v cq]a- mWv ""tbip'' (Pok - uk - v) (bmlvjzm),
AÀ°w ""btlmh - b - mWv c£'' s]mXph - mb B sblqZ t]À \ÂIph - m³
ImcWw ({]-hr-¯n-. 13:6; sImsem-. 4:11) ssZh-¯nsâ ]p{X³ temI-¯n-
te¡v hcp-¶-Xnsâ Dt±iw \nd-th-äp-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p AXv. B Dt±iw ""P\
s¯ Ah-cpsS ]m]-§-fnÂ\n¶p tamNn-¡pI'' F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p (sb-i.
53:5, 6; bnsc. 31:31-þ34; a¯m. 20:28; 26:26-þ28; Kem. 4:4, 5; 1 Xnsam. 1:15).
As]m-{In-^m-bnse Hcp `mK¯pw t]cnsâ AÀ°w ]d-bp-¶p v:

\qsâ aI³ tbmiph bp²-¯n hoc-\m-bn-cp-¶p,

{]h-N-t\m-tZy-mK-¯n Ah³ tamsi-bpsS
]n³Km-an-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
Ahsâ t]À kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se,
Ah³ ssZh-¯nsâ
Xnc-sªSp¡-s¸-«-h-cpsS henb c£-I-\mbn XoÀ¶p,
Ah³i-{Xp-¡Ä¡v {]Xn-Imcw ho«n AhÀ¡v X§-fpsS
Ah-Imiw Dd-¸n-¡p-am-dm-¡n.19

BZys¯ tbmiph Hcp ssk\nI c£n-Xm-hm-bn-cp¶p F¦nÂ, c m-

as¯ tbmiph (tb-ip) BßnI c£-I-\mbn XoÀ¶p. Ah³ sblq-Z-

44
·msc tdmam-¡m-cpsS sRcp-¡-¯nÂ\n¶p tamNn-¸n-¡p¶ þ Hcp tZinb
amb `uXnI cmPy-¯nsâ c£-I\ - m-bn-«Ã h¶Xv, ]ns¶tbm, ]m]-¯nsâ
Ipä-¯nÂ\n¶pw AXnsâ A\-´-c-^-e-¯n \n¶pw tamNn-¸n-¡p¶
Bßnb c£-I-\m-bn-«mWv h¶-Xv (tdm-aÀ 3:23, 24; 6:23). ""Ah³ Xsâ
P\s¯ Ah-cpsS ]m]-§-fnÂ\n¶pw'' F¶ {]kvXm-h-\sb Ipdn¨v
entbm¬ tamdnkv ]d-ªp, ""Ah³'' (Hu-tSm-kv) F¶Xp hyàn-]-c-amb
kÀÆ-\m-aa - mWv, AÀ°w ""Ah³ am{Xw AÃmsX asäm-¶p-aÃ''20 F¶mWv
Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶-Xv.
""Ah³ kz´-am-b-h-cn-te-¡v'' (-sb-lqZ tZiw) BZyw h¶p F¦n-epw,
FÃm a\p-jy-tcbpw c£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn-cp¶p h¶-Xv (-tbm-l. 3:16-þ21).
sblq-Z-·mÀ an¡t]cpw Ahs\ XÅn-¡-f-ªp (-tbm-l. 1:11). F¶mÂ
PmXn-I-tfbpw Ahsâ cmPy-¯n-te¡v kzmKXw sNbvXp. ""Ahs\
ssIs¡m v Ahsâ \ma-¯n hniz-kn-¡p¶ GhÀ¡pw ssZh-a-¡Ä
BIp-hm³ Ah³ A[n-Imcw sImSp¯p'' (tbml. 1:12). AXn-\À°w
Ah-\n hniz-kn-¡p¶p F¶p ]d-bp-¶-h-scÃmw ""Ahsâ a¡Ä''
BIp¶p F¶-Ã. F¶m AhÀ¡v ssZh-a-¡Ä BIp-hm-\pÅ Ah-
Imiw D v F¶mWv ]d-ªXv. P\n-¨h - s
- cÃmw Hcn-¡Â acn-¡pw (-F{- _m.
9:27), ]s£ {]tXy-I-ambn acn-¡p-hm³ am{X-ambn P\n-¨Xv tbip am{X-
am-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ \½psS ]m]-§Ä¡v XnI-hpÅ bmK-ambn XoÀ¶p
(-F-{_m. 9:26-þ28; 10:5þ10; 1 tbml. 2:2; 4:10).

{]h-N-\w þ Hcp I\yIm P\-\w (1:22, 23)

22""I\yI KÀ`n-Wn-bmbn Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn¡pw'' Ah¶p 23""ssZhw
\t½m-Sp-IqsS'' F¶À°-apÅ C½m-\p-th F¶p t]À hn-fn¡pw F¶p
IÀ¯mhv {]hm-N-I³ apJm-´cw Acp-fn-s¨-bvXXp \nhr-¯n-bm-Iphm³
CsXm-s¡bpw kw`-hn¨p.

hmIyw 22. ]g-b-\n-ba {]h-N-\-§-sfÃmw tbip-hn \nd-th-d- [s¸«p]

F¶mWv Cu hmIy-t¯m-sSm¸w ]n¶o-SpÅ At\I hmIy-§fpw ]d-bp-
¶Xv (1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:35; 21:4; 26:56; 27:9). ae-{¼-kw-K-¯nÂ
tbip ]d-ªp, ""Rm³ \ymb-{]-am-Ws¯ \o¡p-hm³ h¶p F¶p \n
cq-]n-¡-cp-Xv, \o¡p-hm-\-Ã, \nhÀ¯n-¸m-\t{X Rm³ h¶Xv'' (5:17). Ah-
sbÃmw ChnsS hnh-cn¨ tbip-hnsâ AÛpXIc-amb I\yImP\-\-hp-
ambn _Ô-s¸-«m-Wn-cn-¡p-¶Xv (1:18-þ25). btlm-h-bmWv {]hm-N-I³ apJm-
´cw Acp-fn-s¨-bvX-sX¶v a¯mbn kv]jvS-ambn ]d-bp-¶p, F¶m aäp
kμÀ`-§-fn- {]hm-N-I³ Acp-fn-s¨bvXp F¶mWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv,
ssZh-izm-kn-b-X-sb-bmWv AXv hyà-am-¡p-¶-Xv. ChnsS t]À ]d-ªn-
«n-Ãm¯ {]hm-N-I³ sbi-¿m-hm-Wv.
hmIyw 23. sbi-¿mhv 7:14 Â\n¶p-ÅX - mWv Cu {]h-N\w: ""CXm I\y
I KÀ`n-Wn-bmbn Hcp aIs\ {]khn¡pw AhÀ Ah¶p C½m-\p-thÂ
F¶p t]À hnfn¡pw'' sk]vXz-Pnân ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xns\ A\p-kcn-
¨mWv a¯mbn AhnsS {Ko¡vhm¡v (]mÀ¯-t\m-kv) D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn¡p-

45
¶Xv, AXv ""I\yI'' F¶-Xnsâ F{_mb hm¡n-\v (-AÂam) ]I-c-apÅ
hm¡mWv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯n-Â, AÂam F¶Xp ]e-t¸mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-
¡p-¶Xv Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb ""bphXn'' AsÃ-¦nÂ, ""I\y-I'' (DÂ]. 24:43;
D¯-a. 1:3; 6:8 t\m¡pI). aäp aq¶p {]mh-iyhpw Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb
s]¬Ip-«n-sb-bmWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv (-]p-d-. 2:8; k¦o. 68:25; kZr-i. 30:19).
hnhmlw Ignª kv{XoIÄ¡v ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯n AÂam F¶ hm¡v
D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«nà F¶p sXfn-hp-IÄ hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
sbi-¿mhv 7:14 XÀPna sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\-¸p-d-ambn, Cu hmIys¯
kw_-Ôn¨v thsdbpw tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-t¡-- Xm-bn-«p- v. B hmIyw
{InkvXp-hnsâ P\-\s¯ am{X-amtWm ]d-bp-¶Xv? AtXm AXv Cc« \n
d-th-d DÅ-XmtWm? sbi-¿m-hnsâ {]h-N\w BZy t{imXm-¡Ä¡v
F§-s\-bmWv hymJym-\n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯Xv? a¯mbn B {]h-N\w F§-
s\-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv?
GXm v _n. -kn. 735þÂ, ZpjvS-cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp¶ Blm-kn-t\mSv
sbi¿m {]hm-N-I³ Dd-¸n¨p ]d-ª-sX-s´-¶mÂ, Acmw (-kn-dn-b) -cm-Pm-
hm-bn-cp¶ sdkn-s\-bpw- bn-{km-tb-ense t]J-sb-bpw (-sb-i. 7:1) Zmho-
Znsâ hwim-h-en (sbi. 7:6) \in-¸n-¡p-hm³ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.
ZpjvSc- mb A\y-tZ-h·
- msc \a-kv¡c - n-¡p¶ B c p cmPm-¡· - m-cp-tSbpw
ssZh-P\ - s¯ `cn-¡p-hm-\pÅ Ah-cpsS B{K-ls¯ ssZhw CÃm-Xm¡pw
F¶À°w (-DÂ]. 49:10; 2 iap. 7:12, 13). Ahsâ hmKvZm-\a - \
- p-kc- n¨v sbi-
¿mhv apJm-´cw ssZhw Blm-kn\p Hcp AS-bmfw sImSp¯p:

AXp-sIm v IÀ¯mhv Xs¶ \n§Ä¡v Hcp AS-bmfw Xcpw. I\y

I KÀ`nWn-bmbn Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn-¡pw. Ah¶p C½m-\p-thÂ
F¶p t]Àhn-fn-¡pw. Xn· XÅn \· Xnc-sª-Sp-¸m³ {]mb-amIpw
hsc Ah³ ssXcpw tX\pw sIm v D]-Po-hn-¡pw. Xn· XÅn \·
Xnc-sª-Sp-¸m³ _me¶p {]mb-am-Ip-½ps¼, \o shdp-¡p¶ c p
cmPm-¡-·m-cp-tSbpw tZiw Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-«n-cn¡pw (sb-i. 7:14-þ16;
Fw^-knkv ssa³).

Blm-kn\p sImSp¯ AS-bm-f-¯nÂ, B {]h-N-\-¯nse aI³ Npcp-

§nb Ime-bf - h
- n P\n-¡p-hm-\n-cp--¶h
- \m-bn-cp-¶p. Ipd¨p hÀj-§Ä¡p
tijw, Aiq-cyÀ bn{km-tb-en¶p FXn-cmbn h¶p (-_n. -kn. 733) -Acmw
(_n. -kn. 732) -X-t±-i-hm-kn-Isf ]e-scbpw \mSp-I-S¯n; t]J-sbbpw
sdkn-s\bpw sIm¶p-I-f-ªp (2 cmPm-¡-·mÀ 15:29, 30; 16:9). Ah-km\w
_n. -kn. 722þÂ Aiq-cyÀ bn{km-tb-ens\ iq\y-am¡n. Acm-an-t\bpw
bn{km-tb-en-t\bpw \in-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap³]m-bn-cp¶p btlmh Acp-fn-
s¨-bvX-Xp-t]mse B aIsâ P\-\w.
Ime-b-fhv Af-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ B P\-\-¯m Blm-kn\v ssZhw
sImSp-¯X - v, ]dª c p cmPm-¡· - mcpw cwK¯p \n¶p amtd Imebf-
hm-bn-cp¶p. aI³ P\n¨v Xn· XÅn \· Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p¶ {]mb-am-Ip-
½ps¼ F¶ AS-bm-fw. B {]h-N-\-¯nse `mK-amb I\yIm KÀ`hpw
aIsâ P\-\-hp-sa¶Xv Blm-kn\p a\-kn-em-bn-Ã. AXnse ka-b-þ`mKw

46
am{Xsa Ah\p ImWp-hm³ Ign-ªp-Åp. B c p cmPm-¡-·mÀ CÃm-Xm-
Ip-¶-Xn-\mÂ, Sn¥-¯v-þ]n-te-k-dp-ambn kJy-ap- m-¡-cp-sX¶v sbi-¿mhv
Blm-kn-t\mSv ]d-ªp.
B {]h-N\w tbip I\y-I-bn P\n-¨-t¸mÄ \nd-thdn F¶mWv
a¯mbn ]d-ªX - v (1:23). c p Xc-¯n-epÅ {]h-N\
- c
- oXn Dd-¸n-¡p-¶X - mWv
B {]h-N-\w. AXv A¶s¯ Ime¯pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp-¶p þ Aiq-
cy-cnÂ\n¶p Blm-kn\p e`n-¡p¶ Bizmkw; asämcp Ime-t¯¡pw
AXn\p {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-bp- m-bn-cp-¶p þ {InkvXp I\y-I-bn P\n-¡p-
¶-Xv. Blm-kn\v B {]h-N-\-¯nsâ Hcp `mKw a\-kn-em-bn-Ã. a¯mbn
AXp hyà-am-¡n-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, \ap¡pw AXp a\-kn-em-Ip-am-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
Zmho-Znsâ ]p{X-\m-b tbip Bbn-«mWv ainl hcp-¶-sX-¶mWv
sbi-¿mhv 7:14 D²-cn¨v a¯mbn ]d-ª-Xv. Xsâ hmgv¨sb Ipdn¨p Zmho-
Zn-t\mSv ssZhw Acp-fn-s¨-bvX hmKvZm-\-§Ä Hcn-¡Â Ft¶-¡p-ambn \n
d-th-dp-¶-Xn\mbn-«mWv Ah³ h¶-Xv (2 iap. 7:12, 13). AXn-\p-]p-d-sa,
adnb I\y-I-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv KÀ`w [cn¨p tbip-hn\p P·w \ÂIn-
b-Xv. tbip-hnsâ P\-\-¯n\v adnb F¶ GI I\y-I-sb-bmWv ssZhw
D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv.21
""C½m-\p-thÂ'' F¶ t]À XÀPna sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ AÀ°w
""ssZhw \t½m-Sp-IqsS'' F¶m-Wv, AXv Ah-km\w tbip-hnsâ Ah-Xm-c-
t¯m-Sp-IqsS \nd-thdn (sbi.9:6, 7 t\m¡pI). ]g-b\ - n-ba
- ¯
- nÂ, ""ssZhw
\t½m-Sp-IqsS'' F¶ {]tbmKw D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv ssZh-¯nsâ P\-¯n-t·Â
ssZh-¯nsâ {]hr-¯n-tbbpw ssZh-¯nsâ km¶n-[y-s¯bpw hnh-
cn-¡p-hm-\m-Wv. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ, ssZh-P-\-¯n-\n-S-bnse Pohn-¡p¶
ssZh-km-¶n-[y-s¯-bmWv ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv. ""hN\w'' ssZh-t¯m-Sp-IqsS
Bbn-cn-¡pI am{X-a-Ã, ""ssZhw Bbn-cp-¶p.'' (tbm-l. 1:1).""hN\w PU-
ambn XoÀ¶p \½p-sS-bn-S-bn ]mÀ¯p'' (tbm-l. 1:14). au¬kv \nco-
£n-¨p, ""C½m-\p-th-ensâ hmKvZm-\-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv [a¯m-bn-bpsS]
kphn-tijw Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv þ "Rmt\m temIm-h-km-\-t¯mfw \n
§-tfm-Sp-IqsS D m-bn-cn¡pw' (a-¯m. 28:20).''22

Im¯n-cn¸v Imew þ hnizm-k-Im-ew (1:24, 25)

24tbmtk^v Dd¡w DWÀ¶p IÀ¯m-hnsâ ZqX³ IÂ]n-¨-Xp-t]m
se sNbvXp. `mcysb tNÀ¯p-sIm- p. aIs\ {]k-hn¡pw hsc Ah³
Ahsf ]cn-{K-ln-¨n-Ã. 25aI¶p Ah³ tbip F¶p t]À hnfn¨p.

hmIyw 24. tbmtk^v kz]v\-¯nÂ\n-¶p-WÀ¶-t¸mÄ, \nsâ `mcy

adn-bsb tNÀ¯p-sImÄhm³ i¦n-t¡ F¶p ZqX³ ]d-ªXv kXy-am-
sW¶v Ah\p t_m[y-am-bn. ""sblqZ acym-Z-b-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ Hcp A¸sâ
Gähpw henb t\«-amWv tbmtk^v Dt]-£n-¨-Xv- þ -ssZ-th-jvS-¯n-\m
bnþAhsâ BZy-Pm-X³ F¶p-ÅXv hn«p-I-f-ªp.''23
adn-b-bpsS KÀ`s¯ Ipdn¨v Fen-i-s_-¯n-\pw (-H-cp-]s£ Ah-fpsS

47
`À¯mhv skJ-cym-hn-\pw) A - d- n-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶Ã - msX aäm-scÃmw AX-
dn-ªn-cp¶p F¶p \ap¡v Adn-bn-Ã. Xsâ I\yIm P\-\s¯ Ipdn¨v
K{_n-tb ZqX³ adn-bt- bmSv Acp-fn-s¨-bvXt- ¸mÄ, Fen-is - _¯v tbml-
¶ms\ KÀ`w [cn¨v Bdp-amkw Bbn-cp-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 1:36). B Adn-bn-¸ns\
XpSÀ¶v adnb DSs\ ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m KÀ`n-Wn-bm-Ip-I-bpw, ""B ka-
b¯p X¶'' AhÄ Fen-is - _-¯ns\ kμÀin-¡p-hm³ Ahn-sS-\n¶p t]m
Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶p thZ-`mKw A´Àeo-\a - m-¡p-¶p (eqs¡m.1:39). B
ka-b-¯v adnb KÀ`n-Wn-bm-sW¶v Ah-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn¡v Adn-bm-am-bn-
cp-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 1:42, 43). adnb Fen-i-s_-¯n-t\m-sSm¸w GXm v ""aq¶p
amkw Xma-kn-¨p'' (eqs¡m. 1:56), AXn-\À°w AhÄ ho«n F¯n-bt- ¸m-
tg¡pw Ah-fpsS KÀ`w ]pd¯v ImW-¯-¡-h®w Bbn. tbmtk-^n\v
kz]v\-¯n ZqX³ kμÀin¨ DSs\ Ah³ adn-bsb tNÀ¯p-sIm p
F¶v A´Àeo-\-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\mÂ, thsd Ipd-¨p-t]À IqsS B kml-Ncyw
Adn-bp-hm-\n-S-bp- v.24
hmIyw 25. AhÄ Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn¡pw hsc [tbmtk^v] Ahsf
I\y-I-bmbn Xs¶ kq£n-¨p. AXv Hcp I\yIm KÀ`hpw P\-\-hp-am-bn-
cp¶p F¶v B {]kvXm-h\ Dd-¸n-¡p-¶p. ""[Ah³] Ahsf I\y-I-bmbn''
kq£n¨p F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - n\p ]I-cw, {Ko¡n A£-cn-Ia - mbn ]d-bp-¶p,
""Ah³ Ahsf Adn-ªn-Ã'' (F³sI-sPhn t\m¡p-I). ""Adn-bpI'' F¶-
Xnsâ {Ko¡v hm¡v XÀPna sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv (-Pn-t\m-kvtIm), AXn\p
Xpey-amb F{_mb hm¡p-am-bn (-bm-Um) Iq«n-t¨À¯v ssewKn-I-amb
_Ô-¯n\p IqSn-h-cnI F¶ D]-tbm-K-am-Wp-Å-Xv (DÂ]. 4:1, 17, 25;
eqs¡m. 1:34; sIsP-hn). Nne {Ko¡v Is¿-gp¯p {]Xn-I-fn-Â ""BZy-Pm-
X³'' F¶Xv tamUn ]nSn-¸n-¨-XmWv ""aI³'' (sI-sPhn t\m¡p-I), Hcp-]
s£ eqs¡m. 2:7þÂ \ns¶-Sp-¯-XmImw: ""AhÄ Xsâ BZy-Pm-Xs\ {]
k-hn-¨p ...''
\nÀ½-ea - mb KÀ`-[m-cWw F¶ D]-tZiw AXnsâ D]-cn-`mKw sXämbn
\bn-¡-s¸-Spw.B hm¡v tbip-hns\ Ipdn-¨Ã ]d-bp-¶-Xv, adn-bsb Ipdn-
¨m-Wv.25 B Bi-b-¯nsâ ]n¶n-ep-ÅXv AhÄ ssZhn-I-Xz-ap-Å-h-fm-Wv,
AXp-sIm v Bcm-[n-t¡- X - mWv F¶p-amWv AhÀ ]d-bp-¶X - v. ss__n
Ä B D]-tZiw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶nÃ; hmkvXh - ¯
- n AXv Ah-fpsS a\p-jy-Xz-
s¯-bmWv {]I-S-am-¡p-¶-Xv (12:46-þ50; 13:55; eqs¡m. 2:48-þ51; tbml. 2:3, 4;
19:25-þ27). \nÀ½e KÀ`-[m-cWw F¶ D]-tZ-i-¯nÂ\n¶p Dcp-¯n-cnªp
h¶ asämcp D]-tZ-i-am-Wv, adn-b-bpsS \nXy I\y-Im-Xzw. F§-s\-bm-
bm-epw, a¯m-bn-bpsS hnh-cWw ]d-bp-¶-Xv, {InkvXp-hnsâ P\\w hsc
adn-bbpw tbmtk^pw ssewKnI _Ôw ""]peÀ¯n-bn-Ã'' (1:25) -F¶p
]d-bp-t¼mÄ, AXn\p tijw ewKn-I-_Ôw ]peÀ¯n AhÀ¡v thsd
a¡-fp-ap- mbn F¶p hyà-am-¡p-¶p (12:46; 13:55, 56).
tbip P\n-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc tbmtk^v adn-bsb ]cn-{K-ln-¨nà F¶p ]
d-bp-t¼mÄ, adn-b-bn P\n-¡p¶ inip ssZh-]p-{X-\m-sW¶ hnizmkw
Ah³ Dd-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AXv adnb ZpÀ¶-S-¸p-Im-cn-bm-sW¶pw
tbip \nb-a-hn-cp-²-ambn P\n-¨-Xm-sW-¶p-apÅ ZqjWw Ft¶-¡p-ambn
CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶p.

48
 tbmtk^v adn-b-sb Xsâ `mcy-bmbn tNÀ¯p-sIm-ÅpI am{X-a-Ã,
ZqXsâ \nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw inip-hn\p tbip F¶p t]À hnfn-¡p-Ibpw
sNbvXp (1:21). Ah³ AXp sNbvX-t¸mÄ, tbip ""tbmtk-^nsâ aI³''
F¶ \nb-a-]-c-amb Ah-Ø-bmWv hcp-¯n-b-Xv (1:16; 13:55; tbml. 6:42)
-F«mw \mfn tbip-hns\ ]cn-tO-Z\ Ign-¨-t¸m-gm-bn-cp¶p t]cn-SÂ
\S-¶-Xv (-eq-s¡m. 2:21). Cu `mK-¯nsâ BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw ""tbip''
F¶ t]À ImWmw (1:18, 25).

]mT-§Ä

Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ Hcp inip (1:18-þ25)

At\Iw hÀj-§Ä¡v ap³]v, A\m-IÀj-Ia - mb Hcp {Kma-¯nÂ, Hcp
inip P\n-¨p. Ahnhm-ln- Xbmb Hcp kv{Xobn-em-bn-cp¶p Ah³ P\n-¨Xv.
Ah-fpsS BNm-c-a-\p-k-cn¨v Ahsf ac-W-in-£¡v GÂ]n¨p sImSp-¡m-
am-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-fpsS hnj-am-hØ Adnª {]Xn-{ipX hc³ Ahsf
hnhmlw Ign-¡p-hm³ Xs¶ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. C¶m-sW-¦nÂ, B KÀ`w sh¨p-
sIm- n-cn-¡-cp-Xv, eÖm-I-c-amWv, AXp-sIm v AXns\ Ae-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-
XmWv \Ã-Xv, Bcpw Adn-bp-hm³ t]mIp-¶nà F¶ Btem-N-\-bmWv \
ÂIp-I. hnhmlw Ign-¡p-hm³ t]mIp¶ Bsfbpw Adn-bn-¡-cpXv F¶
\nÀt±-ihpw \ÂIn-tb-¡mw. A¯cw Hcp kv{Xobm-bn-cp¶p kphn-tij
hnh-c-W-¯nse adn-b. tbip-hnsâ A½-bmb adn-b.
KÀ`w Ae-kn-¸n-¡Â kaq-l-¯n hfsc Ime-ambn \ne-\n¡p-
¶p- v. adn-b-bpsS Ime-¯p-ap- m-bn-cp-¶p-. A¶p adnb Xsâ KÀ`w
Ae-kn-¸n-¨n-cp--¶psh-¦n F´p kw`-hn-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p? tbip Hcn-¡epw
P\n-¨n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n F´p kw`-hn-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p? adn-b-bpsS DZ-
c-¯n P\n-¡p-hm-\n-cn-¡p¶ temI-c-£n-Xmhpw ssZh-]p-{X\pw Ipd-hp-
Å-h-\mbn Xocp-I-bntÃ? XoÀ¨-bmbpw adn-b¡v tbip Bcm-sW¶v Adn-
bm-am-bn-cp-¶p (1:20-þ23; eqs¡m. 1:26-þ38), AXp-sIm v AhÄ Hcn-¡epw
inip-hns\ Ae-kn-¸n-¡p-I-bnÃ. AhÄ A§s\ sNbvXn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ,
temIw tbip-hns\ IqSmsX IqSp-X \ncm-i-bn B p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-
cp-¶p. Hmtcm Znh-khpw \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p a\pjy
Pohn-X§Ä CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶p. B inip-¡-fn- F{X t]À temI-¯n-te¡v
h¶v temI-¯n\v A\p-{K-l-ambn Xotc- -Xm-bn-cp-¶p, ]s£ AhÀ¡v
AXn\v Ah-kcw e`n-¡msX t]mbntÃ?
Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ inip-¡Ä ]pXnb Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-a-Ã. tbip P\n-¨-
t¸mÄ, Ahsâ amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw, aäp Ipd-¨p-t]À¡pw Hgn¨v aäp-Å-
hÀ¡v AXv Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ Hcp inip-hm-bn-cp-¶p.
alm-\m-bn-cp¶ sltcm-Zm-hn\v Ah³ Ah-iy-an-Ãm-¯-h-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
Xsâ knwlm-k-\s¯ asäm-cmÄ Iogvs¸-Sp-¯p-sa¶v Ah³ `b-s¸-«n-cp-
¶p. B {`m´-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn, Ien-Xp-Åe - n\pw, tcmj-¯n-\pw, Ipe-]m-
X-I-¯n\pw tIÄhn-tI-«h-\m-Wv, Ah³ ""sblq-Z-·m-cpsS cmPmhv'' P\n-
¡p-hm³ t]mIp¶p F¶ hmÀ¯ tI«-t¸mÄ, Ahs\ sImÃp-hm³ ]²Xn
Btem-Nn¨p (2:7þ18).

49
 Ah³ hfÀ¶-t¸mÄ, tbip-hnsâ kz´ IpSpw-_-¯n-
ep- Å - h À BZyw Ahs\ XÅn- ¡ - f - ª p (- t bm- l . 7:5). Ahsâ
DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â]v hsc Ahsâ ktlm-Z-c-·m-cn Bcpw hniz-kn-¨n-
cp-¶n-Ã (-tbm-l. 7:5; {]hr-¯n-IÄ 1:14; 1 sImcn. 15:7).
sblqZ aX-Øm-]\ - ¯
- n\v Ahs\ Bh-iy-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. tbml-¶m³
Fgp-Xn, ""Ah³ kz´-am-b-hcn-te¡v h¶p, kz´-am-b-htcm Ahs\
ssIs¡m- n-Ã'' (tbm-l. 1:11; sbi. 53:3þ9).
ssZh-¯nsâ Zm\-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯n \mw kt´m-jn-¡-Ww.
KÀ`-]m-{X-¯n-\I- ¯pw ]pd-¯p-apÅ \½psS a¡-tfmSv \mw s]cp-am-dp-¶Xv
AXnsâ sXfn-hm-Wv. KÀ`w Ae-kn-¡-en-s\-Xn-cmbn \mw Dd¨ \ne-]mSv
FSp-¡-Ww þ \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-\m-Im¯ inip-¡sf \
in-¸n-¡p-hm³ ]mSn-Ã. AXn-\p-]p-d-sa, B Ipªp-§-tfmSv \mw a\-k-en-hp-
Å-hc - mbn Ahsc Dt]-£n-¡p-hmt\m, Zpcp-]t- bmKw sN¿p-hmt\m ]mSn-Ã.

I\yIm P\-\w (1:18-þ25)

{InkvXob hnizm-k-¯nsâ {][m\ `mK-amWv tbip-hnsâ AÛp-X-I-
c-amb I\yIm P\-\w. B kw`-h-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p InS-¡p¶ A©p
{][m\ \nco-£-W-§Ä \ap¡v \S-¯mw (-A-hsb \ap¡v shdpw ""I\y
Im P\\w'' F¶p hnfn-¡mw).
I\yIm P\\w Hcp ssZhnI {]hr-¯n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ssZh-¯nsâ Ir]
\nan-¯-am-bn-cp¶p tbip temI-¯n-te¡v h¶-Xv (-tbm-l. 3:16; Fs^.
2:8þ10). a\p-jyÀ¡v X§-fpsS c£-¡mbn H¶pw sN¿p-hm³ km[y-a-Ã.
a¡-fp- m-Ip-hm-\pÅ Z¼-Xn-I-fpsS B{K-l-{]-Im-ctam AsÃ-¦n kzm`m-
hn-Ia- mb k´m-t\mÂ]m-Z\ ^e-amtbm AÃ tbip-hns\ temI-¯n\p ]
cn-Nb
- s- ¸-Sp-¯n-bX
- v. adn-¨v, AXp ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m \S¶ ssZh-¯nsâ
AÛp-X-am-bn-cp-¶p (1:18, 20; eqs¡m. 1:35), a\p-jy-cpsS Bh-iy-t¯m-SpÅ
ssZh-¯nsâ {]Xn-I-c-Ww.
I\yIm P\\w {]h-N\ \nhÀ¯o-I-cWw Bbn-cp¶p: ""I\yI
KÀ`n-Wn-bmbn Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn¡pw; Ah¶p ssZhw \t½m-Sp-IqsS
F¶À°-apÅ C½m-\p-th F¶p t]Àhn-fn¡pw'' (1:23). {InkvXp-hnsâ
hc-hnÂIq-sS, ssZhw Xsâ hmKvZm-\-§Ä \nd-thän Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-
k-\-¯n Ccp-¯p-hm³ Ahs\ kwc-£n-¨p (2 iap. 7:12, 13; {]hr-¯n-
IÄ 2:29-þ36).
tbip ap³]v D m-bn-cp¶p F¶p hnh-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv I\yIm P\\w.
{InkvXp BZysa D m-bn-cp¶ hyàn-bm-sW¶v ]pXn-b-\n-baw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-
¶p. tbml-¶m³ 1:1 ]d-bp-¶p, "" BZn-bn hN\w D m-bn-cp-¶p, hN\w
ssZh-t¯m-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cp-¶p, hN\w ssZhw Bbn-cp¶p.'' tbip temI-
¯n-te¡v h¶ hkvXpX Ah³ FÃm-bvt¸mgpw DÅ hyàn-bm-sW¶v
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p.
tbip-{In-kvXp-hn\v F§s\ ]qÀ® a\p-jy\pw ]qÀ® ssZh-hp-am-Ip-
hm³ Ignªp F¶v hyà-am-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p I\yIm P\-\w. tbml-
¶m³ 1:14 ]d-bp-¶p, ""hN\w PU-ambn XoÀ¶p, \½psS CS-bn ]mÀ¯p.''
adn-b (-a-\p-jy³) -]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-\m (ssZ-hw) AÛp-X-I-c-ambn Hcp

50
inip-hns\ KÀ`w [cn-¨p, AXv tbip Htc ka-b¯v ssZhhpw a\p-jy-
\p-am-bn-cp¶p F¶p sXfn-bn¡p-¶p (^n-en-¸n-bÀ 2:6, 7 t\m¡p-I). Ah³
""Zmho-Znsâ k´Xn'' am{X-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, ]ns¶tbm ssZh ]p{X³ IqsS-
bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ ""ssZhw \t½m-Sp-Iq-sS,'' ""C½m-\p-thÂ'' Bbn-cp-¶p.
I\yIm P\-\s¯ A`n-\μ - n-¡p-¶X
- mWv Ahsâ DbÀs¯-gp-t¶Â]p
w kzÀKm-tcm-l-W-hpw. tbip Cu temI-¯n-te¡p h¶Xp AÛp-X-I-c-
am-bn-«m-Wv, AXp-t]mse t]mbXpw AÛp-X-I-c-am-bm-Wv. Ahsâ ac-W-
tijw Ah³ aq¶mw \mÄ DbÀs¯-gp-t¶-äp- þ -A-hsâ ssZhn-I-Xzs¯
ià-ambn km£o-I-cn-¡p¶ H¶m-bn-cp¶p AXv (tdm-aÀ 1:4). \mÂ]Xp
Znhkw Ah³ km£n-IÄ¡v {]Xy-£-\mb tijw, tbip kzÀK-¯n-te-
¡v, ]nXm-hnsâ ASp-¡-te¡v Btcm-lWw sNbvXp (-eq-s¡m. 24:51; {]
hr-¯n-IÄ 1:9þ11).
I\yIm P\-\s¯ XyPn-¡p-¶Xv Xncp-sh-gp-¯p-I-fpsS izmkn-b-X-
sbbpw BZy k`-bpsS km£y-s¯-bp-amWv XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶-Xv. AXp
adn-bsb Hcp hy`n-Nm-cn-Wn-bmbpw tbip-hns\ \nb-ah - n-cp-²a
- mbn P\n-¨h- -
\p-am-¡p-¶p. AXn\p ]pd-sa, tbip-hns\ IÅ-\mbpw Im]-Sy-¡m-c\ - p-ambn
AhÀ IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. I\yIm P\-\-s¯ XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶Xv tbip-hnsâ
ssZhn-I-Xz-s¯bpw c£n-¡p-hm-\pÅ Ahsâ iàn-sb-bp-amWv AhÀ
XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶-Xv.
tUhnUv ÌphÀ«v

tbmtk-^v (1:18-þ25)
ss__nÄ tcJ-IÄ tbmtk-^ns\ Ipdn¨v A[n-I-sam¶pw ]d-bp-
¶n-Ã. Ah³ Zmho-Znsâ ]n³Km-an-bm-bn- (1:16, 20) \k-td-¯n ]mÀ¯n-
cp-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 2:4). Ah³ adn-bsb hnhm-l-\n-Ýbw sNbvXn-cp-¶p
(-eq-s¡m. 1:27). adnb KÀ`n-Wn-bm-bXv ssZh-¯m-em-bn-cp¶p F¶v Ah-t\m
Sv ZqX³ Acp-fn-s¨-bvXn-cp-¶p (1:18-þ21). tbmtk^v a\-k-en-hpÅ \oXn-am\
pw ssZh-h-N\w A\p-k-cn-¡p-¶-h-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p (1:19, 24, 25; 2:14, 21, 22).
{InkvXp-hnsâ P\-\-ti-jw, Ah³ \k-td-¯n Xma-kn¨v Xsâ tPm
en sNbvXn-cp-¶p (13:55). tbiphn\p ]{´ p hb-km-b-t¸mÄ, Ahsâ
Úm\w shfn- s ¸SpIbpw IpSpw- _ - t ¯m- s Sm¸w sbcp- i - t e- a n- t e¡v
Ahs\ sIm p-t]m-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]ns¶ IpSpw_w an{k-bn-an-te¡v
aS§n t]mIbpw XpSÀ¶p tbmtk^v tbip-hnsâ `uanI ]nXm-hmbn
Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp (eq-s¡m. 2:41-þ52). Ah\pw adn-b¡pw thsd Adp
a¡ÄIqsS D mbn F¶-sXm-gn-¨v, AXn-\p-tijw Ahsâ Pohn-Xs¯
Ipdn¨v \ap¡v H¶pw Adn-bn-à (13:55, 56). {InkvXp-hns\ {Iqin Xsd-
¡p-¶-Xn\p ap³]v Ah³ acn-¨n-cn-¡p-sa¶v tXm¶p-¶p (-tbm-l. 19:25-þ27).

c v ip\y-amb Øe-§Ä (1:18-þ25)

tbip-hnsâ kw`-h-¯n\v c p hi-ap- v. ]eÀ¡pw inip-hns\
thWw, ]pcp-js\ th . AhÀ inip-hmb tbip-hnsâ P\-\s¯
BtLm-jn-¡pw, ]s£ Ahs\ IÀ¯m-hmbpw cmPm-hmbpw kzoI-cn-¡-
bn-Ã ({]-hr-¯n-IÄ 2:14-þ47).

51
 hÀj-§Ä¡p ap³]pÅ c p iq\y-amb Øe-§Ä {]m[m-\y-ap-Å-
XmWv: ip\y-amb ]pÂs¯m-«nbpw iq\y-amb IÃ-dbpw. tbip ]pÂs¯m-
«n-bn Ign-ªn-Ã. Ah³ hfÀ¶p XnI¨pw ]m]-c-ln-X-ambn Pohn-¨p.
Ah³ D]-tZ-in-¡p-Ibpw tcmK-kuJyw hcp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-
km\w Ah³ {Iqin \½psS ]m]-§Ä¡pÅ {]mb-Ýn¯ bmK-ambn
XoÀ¶p-. I-Ã-d-bnepw Ah³ X§n-bn-Ã. ImcWw Ah³ DbÀs¯-gp-t¶-
äXn\mÂ, Ahsâ P\-\w, Pohn-Xw, acWw F¶n-h-s¡Ãmw AÀ°-ap- v.
temI-¯n-epÅ FÃm-hÀ¡pw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ Bhiyam-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
]s£ Ah\p FÃm-hcpw thWw (-aÀs¡m. 16:15, 16; tbml. 3:16-þ21; 7:7;
15:18, 19).

Ipdn-¸p-IÄ
1eq-s¡m. 1:26-þ56; 2:1þ52; 8:19-þ21; tbml. 2:1þ11; 19:25-þ27 t\m¡p-I. 2anjv\m
sIXp_m 1.2; 4.2. G. -Un. 200þÂ \ymb-{]-am-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨ hmsam-gn-bmb
]mc-¼-cys¯ kwtbm-Pn-¸n-¨-XmWv anjv\m. 3tbm-l. 1:20- F³GF-kv_n-bnÂ
""Bbn'' F¶p ]dªp ""adn-bsb \nsâ `mcy-bmbn FSp-¯p-sImÄI'' F¶
{]tbm-K-am-Wp-Å-Xv. IqSp-XÂ AÀ°-h-¯mb XÀPna ""\nsâ `mcy adn-bsb
tNÀ¯p-sImÄI'' F¶m-Wv (F³sI-sPhn t\m¡p-I). 4anjv\m IpZq-in³ 4.9.
5anjv\m KnZn³ 6.7; 9.4. 6C-_n-Uv., 9.3. 7sUm-WmÄUv G. -lm-sáÀ, amXyp 1þ13,
thÀUv _n_n-fn-¡Â Isaâ-dn, hmeyw. 33-G (-U-Åmkv: thÀUv _p¡vkv, 1993),
18, Ahn-iz-kvXX¡v d_n-amcpsS ]mc-¼cyw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. (-anjv\m sbt_m-
a¯v 2.8; tkmXm 5.1.) 8tdm_À«v F¨v. -slân, amXyp G Isaâdn Hm¬ lnkv
enä-ddn Bâ v Xntbm-f-Pn-¡Â BÀ«v (-{Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-Fw.
-_n. GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1982), 21. 9Un. -F. -ImÀk¬, Z tKmkvs]
 Ft¡mÀUnMv Sp tPm¬, ]nÃÀ Isaâdn ({Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-
bp-Fw. -_n. GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1991), 335. 10-C-_n-Uv., 591.
11-U-¥kv BÀ. F - .s
- l-bÀ, amXyp, CâÀs{]-t«-j³ (-eq-bnkvhnte: tPm¬ t\m
Ivkv {]kv, 1993), 9. 12-C-_n-Uv. 13lmsáÀ, 18. 14-tdm-_À«v F¨v. au¬kv, amXyp,
\yp CâÀ\m-jvW _n_n-fn-¡Â Isaâ-dn (-]o-_-Un, amkv.: sl³{Un-Ivk¬
]»n-tj-gvkv, 1991), 10. 15-s_³ hnsX-dn-MvS¬ Ill ""s_ÀXv Hm^v Pokkv'' C³
Un£vWdn Hm^v Pokkv Bâ v Z tKmkvs]Âkv, FUn, tPmtb _n. {Ko³
Bâ v kvtIm«v, saIvss\-äv (-Uu-tWgvkv t{Kmhv.: CâÀhm-gvknän {]kv, 1992), 62.
16lmsáÀ, 17. 17-tU-hnUv lnÂ, Z tKmkvs] Hm^v amXyp, Z \yp sk©pdn
ss__nÄ Isaâdn ({Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-Fw. -_n. GÀUvam³kv
]»n-jn§v I¼-\n., 1972), 78. 18-C-_n-Uv. sbi. 11:2; 42:1; tbmth. 2:28 t\m¡p-I.
19-kn-cmIv 46:1; (F³BÀ-Fkvhn; Fw^-knkv BU-Uv). 20-en-tbm¬ tamdn-kv, Z
tKmkvs]Â Ft¡mÀUnMv Sp amXyp, ]nÃÀ Isaâ-dn ({Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.:
U»n-bp-Fw. -_n. GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1992), 29.
21-sb-i. 7:14 sâ IqSp-X ]T-\-§Ä¡v, F¨vkn. ept]mÄUv, FIvkvs]m-
kn-j³ Hm^v sFk-¿m (-{Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v lukv, 1968),
1:155-þ59. 22-au¬kv, 10-þ11. 23-hn-sX-dn-MvS¬, 62. 24-F-§-s\-bm-bm-epw, Ai-cocn ]
c-¶n-«p- v (tbm-l. 8:41þ ""R§Ä ]c-kw-K-¯m P\n¨ a¡-fÃ'') F¶ Hcp

52
{]kvXm-h\ sblq-Z-·mÀ \S¯nbXns\ Nne ]WvUn-X-·mÀ a\-kn-em-¡n-b-Xv,
tbip-hns\ Ahsâ A½ hnhm-l¯ - n\p ap³]v KÀ`w [cn-¨X
- m-Ib
- m Ahn-izm-
kn-I-fm-bn-cp¶ sblq-Z-·mÀ, tbip-hns\ AhÀ ""\nb-a- hn-cp-²-ambn'' adn-b-bnÂ
P\n-¨-h-\m-bn-«mWv I Xv. (H-dn-sP³ FK³Ìv ske-bmkv 1.28.) 25-a-dn-bsb Ipdn-
¨pÅ IqSp-X D]-tZ-i-§Ä¡v t\m¡p-I, sP{^n. -U-»n-bp. t{_man-te, ""tacn,
C³ Z CâÀ\m-jvW Ìm³tUÀUv ss__nÄ F³ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b, sdh.
FUn., FUn. sP{^n. -U-»n-bp.t{_man-te (-{Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-
Fw. -_n. GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-\n., 1986), 3:268-þ73.

53
 {i²n-¨pÅ t\m«w

tbip P\n-¨-sX-t¸mÄ? (1:18-þ25)

alm-\m-bn-cp¶ sltcm-Zm-hnsâ hmgv¨ t\m¡n (_n. -kn. 37-þ4) tbip
P\n¨ XobXn GXm v Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯mw.- N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn, sltcm-Zmhv acn-
¨Xv _n. -kn. 4 G{]n amk-¯n-em-Wv. sltcm-Zmhv Ip«n-Isf sImÃp-
hm³ IÂ]\ sImSp-¯-t¸mÄ tbip-hn\v GXm v c p hb-km-bn-cp-¶p
(2:16). tbip _n. -kn. 5þÂ P\n-¨n-cn-¡p-hm-\mWv IqSp-XÂ km[y-X. A¶p
F§s\ XobXn IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cp¶p F¶-X-\p-k-cn-¨mWv Cu Xnb-Xnsb
Ipdn¨v sXän²m-c-W-I-fp-Å-Xv. Hcp It¯m-en¡m k\ymkn Utbm-\o-jn-
b-kv, FIvkn-Pp-hkv1 {InkvXp P\n¨ Xob-Xnsb kw_-Ôn¨v Bdmw \q
äm- nÂ, sXämbn IW¡p Iq«n-b-XnÂ\n¶pw sXän-²m-cW P\n-¡p-I-bp-
m-bn. IrXy-ambn IW¡p Iq«p-hm³ A¶v At±-l-¯n\v FÃm tcJ-
Ifpw e`n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.
{InkvXp-hnsâ P\\w Unkw-_À 25 Bbn BtLm-jn-¡p-hm³ XpS-
§n-bXv, It¯m-en¡m _nj-¸m-bn-cp¶ ens_-cymkv 360þÂ IÂ]\ ]p
d-s¸-Sp-hn-¨-Xnsâ ^e-am-bm-Wv.2 AXn\p ap¼v hymJym-Xm-¡Ä BtLm-
jn-¨n-cp-¶Xv amÀ¨v 20 t\m AsÃ-¦n G{]n 18 t\m Bbn-cp-¶p. k`-
bn hnhn[ hn`m-K-§-fp- m-b-t¸mÄ hn«p-hogv¨ sNbvXv H¯p XoÀ¸n-se-
¯nb Xob-Xn-bm-bn-cp¶p Unkw-_À 25. ""ssiXy-Ime Ab-\-s¯tbm''
AsÃ-¦n ""]pXnb kqcy-s\tbm'' BtLm-jn-¡p¶ tdmam-¡m-cpsS
DÂk-h-§-fmb kmsäÀWm-en-b, {_qam-enb3 F¶nh B ka-b-¯m-
bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm- mImw B XnbXn k½-Xn-¨-Xv. tIm¬Ìân-t\m-¸n-fnÂ
379 epw At´ym-Iy-bn 380 epw BWv {InkvXp-hnsâ P\\w BtLm-
jn-¨-Xv.- H-do-sP³ (-kn. 185-þ254) {InkvXp-hnsâ P\\w BtLm-jn-¡p-¶Xp
XÅn-¡-fªp ]d-ªp,

C¯cw P·-Zn-\m-tLm-jw \S-¯p-¶-Xv ]m]n-I-fm-Wv. Hcp DÂk-h-

t¯m-Sp-\p-_-Ôn¨v an{kbnw cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶ ^d-thm³ Xsâ P·-
Zn\w BtLm-jn-¨n-cp-¶p [DÂ]. 40:20], ]pXn-b\
- n-ba
- ¯
- n ^d-thm\p
w BtLm-jn-¨n-cp¶Xmbn ]d-bp¶p [aÀs¡m. 6:21].4

tbip P\n-¨ XobXn \ap¡v IrXy-ambn Adn-bm³ ]mSn-sÃ-¦n-epw,

Ah³ P\n-¨Xv Unkw-_-dn-em-bn-cn-¡-bn-Ã, sk]vXw-_-dn Bbn-cn-¡mw.
F´psIm v? ImcWw tbml-¶m³ kv\m]-I-s\ Ipdn¨p \ap¡v DÅ
Adnhm-Wv. adn-b-bpsS _Ôp-hm-bn-cp¶ Fen-i-s_-¯n-sâbpw ]ptcm-
ln-X-\m-bn-cp¶ skJ-cym-hnsâbpw aI-\m-bn-cp¶p tbml-¶m³. tbip
P\n-¡p-¶-Xn\p Bdp-am-kw ap³]m-bn-cp¶p tbml-¶m³ kv\m]-Isâ
P\-\w (eq-s¡m. 1:36). skJ-cym-hv, ssZhm-e-b-¯n ip{iqj sN¿p-t¼m-
gm-bncp¶p Ah¶p ZqXsâ Acp-f-¸mSv e`n-¨-Xv. Ah³ A_n-bm-¡q-dnÂ
]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-¶p (-eq-s¡m. 1:5). Zmho-ZnÂ\n¶pw F«m-as¯ Iqdm-
cp¶p Ah-tâ-Xv (1 Zn\-. 24:5þ10).
{InkvXp-hnsâ P\-\s¯ Ipdn-¨pÅ asämcp t]mbnâ v eqs¡m-knÂ
54
ImWmw: ""B Ime¯v temIw Hs¡bpw t]Àhgn NmÀt¯Ww F¶p
HuKp-kvtXmkv ssIk-cpsS Hcp BÚ ]pd-s¸-«p. Iptd-t\ymkv kpdnb
\mSv hmgp-t¼mÄ, Cu H¶m-as¯ NmÀ¯Â D m-bn'' (eq-s¡m. 2:1, 2).
Ncn{X tcJ-I-f-\p-k-cn-¨v, HuKp-kvtXmkv t]À NmÀ¯Â \S-¯n-bXv _n.
-kn. 28 epw, aäp-Åh _n. -kn. 8 epw G. -Un. 14 epam-Wv. CXn DÄs¸Sp-
¯n-bn-cp-¶Xv tdma³ ]uc-·m-sc-bm-bn-cp-¶p. sltcm-Zm-hnsâ hmgv¨-¡m-
e¯v cmPyw kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn tdma³ {]hn-iy-bm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, tdmam-¡m-cp-
ambn kJy-¯n am{X-am-bncp¶-Xp-sIm- v, sltcm-Zmhv IW-s¡-Sp-¸n\p
kzmX{´yw e`n-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc c p hÀjt¯¡v \o«n sh¨p. AXv
Ahsâ kz`m-hs¯ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. G.Un 6þ AsÃ-¦n alm-\m
b sltcm-Zm-hnsâ ac-W-tijw Bbn-cn¡mw Iptdym-\kv kpdnb \mSp
hmgp-t¼m-gs¯ IW-s¡-Sp¸v am{X-amWv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. F§-s\-bm-
bm-epw, eqs¡m-knsâ hnh-c-W-¯nse NmÀ¯Â aäpÅ Ncn-{X-hp-ambn
tbmPn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX Iptdym-\-knsâ Imes¯ NmÀ¯Â GUn.
6 \pw 7 \pw CS-¡m-bn-cn-¡mw, F¶m tdmanse emsä-d³ aqkn-b-¯nse
\mim-hi - n-jvS¯
- nse tase-gp¯v ]d-bp-¶Xv _n. k - n. 10 F¶m-Wv. hmkvX-
h-¯nÂ, Npcp-§nb XS-k§ - f- p-s ¦
- n-epw, Iptdym-\kv kpdnb \mSv hmWn-
cp-¶Xv _n. -kn. 12 \pw G. -Un. 16 \pw CS-¡m-bn-cp-¶p.5 B NmÀ¯Â
tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-«-Xn-\m HuKp-kvtXmkv _n. -kn. 8þ IÂ]\ ]pd-s¸-
Sp-hn-¨n-cn-¡mw. IqSmsX eqs¡m-knsâ kphn-tijw XÀPna sNbvXt- ¸mÄ
B {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸«p F¶mWv \ntK SÀWÀ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. Ah³
C§s\ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p, ""Cu NmÀ¯Â ap³]v Iptdym-\kv \mSp-hm-gn-
bm-bn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ \S-¶-Xm-Wv.''6 F§-s\-bm-bm-epw, Ahsâ Imgv¨-¸mSv
]cs¡ FXnÀ¡-s¸-«n-«p- v.

Ipdn-¸p-IÄ
1lm³kv Bs¨-en-kv, ""Utbm-\n-kn-bkv FIvkn-Pp-hkv'' C³ kmap-thÂ
sa¡mtf PmIvk¬, FUn., Z \yp kvIm^v-þslÀtkm-Kv. F³ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb
Hm^v dneo-Pn-bkv t\mtf-Pv (-{Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v lukv,
1963), 3:441. 2^n-en]v kvIm^v, lnÌdn Hm^v Z {InkvXy³ NÀ¨v, hmeyw.3, ss\
ko³ Bâ v t]mÌv ss\ko³ {InkvXym-\n-än (-\yp-tbmÀ¡v: NmÄkv kv{In_vt\
gvkv k¬kv, 1916), 395. 3BÂs_À«v slân \ypam³, ""{InkvXp-akv'' C³ kmap-
th sa¡mtf PmIvk¬, FUn., Z \yp kvIm^v-þslÀtkmKv F³ssk-t¢m-]o-
Unb Hm^v dnen-Pn-bkv t\mtf-Pv (-{Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v
lukv, 1963), 3:48. 4H-dn-sP³ tlman-eokv Hm¬ seh-än-¡kv 8.3 5Ip-dn-tbm-\n-b-
knsâ tPmen hnh-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, s{^U-dnIv U»n-bp. Um¦À, Pokkv Bâ v Z
\yp GPv: G Isaâdn Hm¬ skâ v eq¡vkv tKmkvs]Â, sdh. Bâ v FIvkv]v.
(-^n-e-sZÂ^nb: t^mÀs{«kv {]kv, 1988), 23. 6sP{^n sF. -sj-seÀ, ""Z ^Ìv t\
mtbÂ,'' bp. -F-kv.-\ypkv Bâ v thÄUv dnt¸mÀ«v (21 Unkw-_À 1992), 84.

55