I.

Physics
Measurement/Unit Details of Fundamental units :
S.No. Physical Quantity S.I. Unit Abbreviation
Notes
1. Length Metre m
• A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, 2. Mass Kilogram kg
defined and adopted by convention or by law. 3. Time Second s
• It is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind 4. Temperature Kelvin K
of quantity. 5. Luminous Intensity Candela cd
• Any other quantity of that kind can be expressed as a 6. Electric Current Ampere A
multiple of the unit of measurement. 7. Amount of Substance Mole mol
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

• To measure physical quantities four systems are in

Definition of Units of SI System :
application as follows :
1. Metre (m) :
1. CGS System (Centimetre - Gram - Second System) : • The path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval
• It is a variant of the metric system based on the of 1/299,792,458 second. It is defined by taking the fixed
numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum 'c' to be
Centimetre - unit of length
299,792,458 m/s.
Gram - unit of mass
2. Kilogram (kg) :
Second - unit of time • The mass of Platinum - Iridium prototype kept at Sevres
2. FPS System (Foot - Pound - Second system) : (Paris). Generally, at 4ºC, the mass of 1 litre pure water
is 1 kilogram.
• It is also known as the British System of measurement.
According to revised definition (which came into force on
• It relates to measuring - 20th May, 2019), the kilogram is now defined in terms of the
Foot - unit of length Planck constant. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical
value of the Planck constant 'h' to be 6.62607015 × 10–34 kg
Pound - unit of mass
m2/s. Thus,
Second - unit of time
 h 
1 kg =  −34 
m −2 s
Note : 1 Pound is equal to 453.59 grams.  6.62607015 × 10 
3. MKS system (Metre - Kilogram - Second system) :
3. Second (s) :
• It relates to measuring - • One second equals the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods
Metre - unit of length of the radiation corresponding to the transition between
Kilogram - unit of mass the two hyperfine levels of the unperturbed ground state
of Caesium (Cs-133) atom. It is defined by taking the
Second - unit of time fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency to be
4. SI system (International System of Units) : 9,192,631,770 Hz, which is equal to s–1.
• It is the modern form of the metric system of measurement. 4. Ampere :
• It is the most widely used system of measurement. • Given two parallel, rectilinear conductors of negligible
circular cross-section positioned 1 metre apart in vacuum,
• It was adopted during the conference on International
one ampere is the electric current which passes through
Weight and Measures, held at Paris (France) in 1960. both of them makes them attract each other by the force
• It has seven fundamental or base units. of 2 x 10-7 Newton per metre of length.

General Science General Studies G–9

 According to revised definition (which came into force 7. Amount of Substance - Mole (mol) :
on 20th May, 2019), the ampere is defined by taking • The amount of substance composed of as many specified
the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge 'e' to elementary units (molecules)/atoms as there are atoms in
be 1.602176634 × 10–19 As (ampere second). Thus, one 0.012 kg of C-12.
ampere is the electric current corresponding to the flow of
1/(1.602176634 × 10–19) elementary charges per second. According to revised definition (which came into force on
20th May, 2019), the mole is the amount of substance of a
5. Kelvin :
system that contains 6.02214076 × 1023 specified elementary
• One degree K equals 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic
entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the
temperature of the triple point of water.
Avogadro constant 'NA', when expressed in the unit mol–1
According to revised definition (which came into force on and is called the Avogadro number.
20th May, 2019), the kelvin is defined by taking the fixed
numerical value of the Boltzmann constant 'k' to be 1.380649 Derived units :
× 10–23 kg m2s–2K–1. Thus, • These units of measurement are derived from the 7 base
units, specified by the International System of Units.
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

1.380649 
1 K =  −23 2 −2
×10 kg m s
 k 
• These are either dimensionless or can be expressed as a
That means one kelvin is equal to the change of thermodynamic
product of one or more of the base unit, possibly scaled
temperature that results in a change of thermal energy kT by
by an appropriate power of exponentiation.
1.380649 × 10–23 Joule (kgm2s–2).
• Some of the coherent derived units in the SI are given
6. Candela (cd) :
special names. Below table lists 22 SI units with special
• The candela is the luminous intensity in a given direction
of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of names. Together with the seven base units, they form
frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and has a radiant intensity in the core of the set of SI units. All other SI units are
that direction of 1/683 w/sr. combinations of some of these 29 units.
The 22 SI derived units with special names and symbols
Derived quantity Special name of unit Unit expressed in terms Unit expressed in
of base units terms of other SI units
plane angle radian rad = m/m -
solid angle steradian sr = m /m
2 2
-
frequency hertz Hz = s –1
-
force newton N = kg m s –2
-
pressure, stress pascal Pa = kg m s –1 –2
-
energy, work, joule J = kg m2 s–2 Nm
amount of heat
power, radiant flux watt W = kg m2 s–3 J/s
electric charge coulomb C=As -
voltage/electric volt V = kg m2 s–3 A–1 W/A
potential difference
capacitance farad F = kg–1 m–2 s4 A2 C/V
electric resistance ohm Ω = kg m s A 2 –3 –2
V/A
electric conductance siemens S = kg m s A
–1 –2 3 2
A/V
magnetic flux weber Wb = kg m s A 2 –2 –1
Vs

G–10 General Studies General Science

 magnetic flux density tesla T = kg s–2 A–1 Wb/m2
inductance henry H = kg m2 s–2 A–2 Wb/A
Celsius temperature degree Celsius ºC = K -
luminous flux lumen lm = cd sr cd sr
illuminance lux lx = cd sr m –2
lm/m2
activity referred to becquerel Bq = s–1 -
a radionuclide
absorbed dose, kerma gray Gy = m2 s–2 J/kg
dose equivalent sievert Sv = m s 2 –2
J/kg
catalytic activity katal kat = mol s –1 -

Some derived units in the SI expressed in terms of base units vii . Astronomical Unit -
Derived quantity Derived unit expressed • Astronomical unit is usually used to measure distances
in terms of base units within our solar system.
area m2 • An astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance between
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

Earth and Sun.

volume m3
• It equals to approximately 150 million kilometre or
speed, velocity m s–1
1 AU = 1.496 x 1011 metre.
acceleration m s –2
viii . Light-year -
wavenumber m –1
• A light-year is a distance that light travels in vacuum in
density, mass density kg m–3 one Julian year.
surface density kg m–2 • It is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances.
specific volume m kg
3 –1
• 1 light-year is equal to
current density Am –2
= 3 x 108 m/s × 365.25 × 24 × 60 × 60s
magnetic field strength A m–1 = 9.461 × 1015 metre.
amount of substance concentration mol m–3 • Julian year - In Astronomy, a Julian year is a unit of
measurement of time defined as exactly 365.25 days of
mass concentration kg m –3
86400 SI seconds each.
luminance cd m–2
ix. Parsec -
Other measures of Length unit :
• A Parsec is an astronomical term used to measure large
i. 1 milimetre = 10-3 metre distances to astronomical objects outside the solar system.
ii. 1 centimetre = 10-2 metre
• A Parsec is defined as the distance at which one
iii. 1 kilometre = 1000 metre astronomical unit subtends an angle of one arcsecond,
iv. 1 Angstrom (Å) = 10-10 metre which corresponds to 648000/π astronomical units.
• A unit of length to measure very small distances like • 1 Parsec is equal to 3.0857 × 1016 metre, or
wavelength, atomic and ionic radius or size of molecules
and spacing between planes of atoms in crystals. • 1 Parsec is equal to 3.26 light-years.
v . Nanometre -
• 1 nanometre is one billionth of a metre, equal to 10-9 metre.
Question Bank
• It is used to measure extremely small objects such as 1. In the following which is fundamental physical
atomic structures or transistors found in modern CPUs. quantity?
vi . Micron - (a) Force (b) Velocity
• It is the previous name of micrometre. (c) Electric current (d) Work
• 1 micron is equal to 10-6 m. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
• It is represented by (μ). 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020
• It is used to measure cell size. Ans. (c)

General Science General Studies G–11

 In physics, there are seven fundamental physical quantities When a force acts to move an object, then work done by the
(which are measured in base or fundamental units) : length, force is equivalent to the product of force and displacement
mass, time, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity in the direction of force . It is a scalar quantity. The SI unit
and amount of a substance. of work is Newton metre, which is also called as joule. Joule
is also the unit of Energy.
2. The unit of power is –
(a) Hertz (b) Volts 6. Frequency is measured in
(c) Watt (d) Neutron (a) hertz (b) metre/second
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010 (c) radian (d) watt
Ans. (c) (e) None of the above / More than one of the above
64th B.P. S.C. (Pre) 2018
In physics, power is the rate of doing work or of transferring
Ans. (a)
heat or electrical energy i.e. the amount of energy transferred
or converted per unit time. The Hertz (symbol : Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in
Work (w) the International System of Units (SI system) and is defined
Power (P) =
Time (t) as one cycle per second.
The SI unit of power is watt, which is equal to joule per 7. What is measured in hertz?
second. Power is always represented in watt (W) or Kilowatt (a) Frequency (b) Energy
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(KW). (c) Heat (d) Quality

(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
3. The unit of electric power is : 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
(a) Ampere (b) Volt Ans. (a)
(c) Coulomb (d) Watt
See the explanation of above question.
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 8. The SI unit of electrical resistivity of conductor is –
64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 (a) Faraday (b) Volts
Ans. (d) (c) Ampere (d) Ohm
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993
Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical Ans. (*)
energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of
Electrical resistivity is an intrinsic property that quantifies how
electric power is watt. Ampere is the unit of electric current,
strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
volt is the unit of electrical potential and coulomb is the unit
A low resistivity indicates a material, that readily allows the
of electric charge in the SI system.
movement of electric charge. The SI unit of electrical resistivity
4. The unit of the force is – is ohm-meter (Ωm). It is commonly represented by the-
(a) Faraday (b) Fermi  RA 
(c) Newton (d) Rutherford Greek letter ρ (rho) defined as  ρ = l 
 
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 Here,
Ans. (c) R = electrical resistance of the material
l = Length, A = Cross section area, ρ = resistivity
The SI unit of Force is 'Newton' or kg.m/sec2. As per other options, Faraday is the SI unit of Capacitance,
Force = mass × acceleration Volt is the SI unit of Electric Potential, Ampere is the SI unit
In physics, something that causes a change in the motion of of Electric Current while Ohm is the SI unit of Electrical
an object is called force. The modern definition of force (an Resistance (not resistivity).
object's mass multiplied by it's acceleration) was given by 9. ‘Ohm-meter’ is unit of :
Isaac Newton in his laws of motion. (a) Resistance (b) Conductance
5. The unit of work is : (c) Resistivity (d) Charge
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
(a) Joule (b) Neutron
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020
(c) Watt (d) Dyne Ans. (c)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
Ans. (a) See the explanation of above question.

G–12 General Studies General Science

 10. Light-year is the unit of – A light-year is the distance a beam of light travels in a single
(a) Distance (b) Time
Earth year. The speed of light is constant in a vacuum (not
(c) Speed of light (d) Intensity of light
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013 even affected by gravity). And that is where all the stellar
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1997 bodies are present, in a vacuum. The speed of light is constant
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008 throughout the universe and is known to high precision. That
Ans. (a) is why all astronomical distances are measured in light-years.
Light-year is a unit of astronomical distance equivalent 16. A parsec, a unit of distance used to measure the distance
to the distance that light travels in one year, which is related to the stars in the sky, is equal to –
9.46 × 1015 metres. (a) 4.25 light-years (b) 3.25 light-years
11. A light-year is the – (c) 4.50 light-years (d) 3.05 light-years
(a) Year which had maximum sunlight
(b) Year in which workload was very light R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999
(c) Distance travelled by light in one year Ans. (b)
(d) Mean distance between Sun and Earth
U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2013 A parsec is a unit of length used to measure the astronomically
Ans. (c) large distances of objects beyond our solar system.
1 Parsec = 3.08 × 1016 Metres
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

See the explanation of above question.

1 Light year = 9.46 × 1015 Metres
12. Light-year is the unit of –
So, 1 Parsec = 3.256 light-years,
(a) Energy (b) Intensity
Now according to options, only (b) is close to the exact answer.
(c) Age (d) Distance
Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 17. PARSEC is the unit of :
Ans. (d) (a) Distance (b) Time
See the explanation of above question. (c) Light intensity (d) Magnetic force

13. 'Light-year' is a unit of : U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997

(a) Time (b) Distance Ans. (a)
(c) Speed (d) Force
See the explanation of above question.
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2020 18. Which unit of measurement is multiplied by 0.39 to
66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020
convert it to ‘inches’ ?
Ans. (b)
(a) Millimetre (b) Centimetre
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Metre (d) Decimetre
14. ‘Light-Year’ is – U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010
(a) The year in which February has 29 days
(b) The distance travelled by light in one year Ans. (b)
(c) The time which sun rays take to reach the earth 1 Centimetre = 0.39 inch, so we can multiply centimetre by
(d) The time in which a spacecraft reaches moon from 0.39 to convert it to 'inches'.
the earth
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 19. How can the height of a person who is six feet tall, be
Ans. (b) expressed (approximately) in nanometre?
See the explanation of above question. (a) 183 × 106 nm (b) 234 ×106 nm
(c) 183 × 107 nm (d) 181 × 107 nm
15. Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical I.A.S. (Pre) 2008
distances are measured in light-years?
(a) Distances among stellar bodies do not change Ans. (c)
(b) Gravity of stellar bodies does not change 1 nanometre = 10-9 metre
(c) Light always travels in straight line
1 Feet = 0.305 metre
(d) Speed of light is always same
I.A.S. (Pre) 2021 1 Feet = 30.5 × 107 nanometre
Ans. (d) 6 Feet = 6 × 30.5 × 107 nanometre = 183 × 107 nanometre

General Science General Studies G–13

 20. A nanometre is equal to – Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object,
(a) 10-6 cm (b) 10-7 cm
(c) 10-8 cm (d) 10-9 cm with respect to time. The SI unit of acceleration is metre per
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013 second square (m/s2). The SI unit of force is newton (N).
Ans. (b) The SI unit of impulse is newton second (Ns). The SI unit
of work is joule.
1 nanometre = 1.0 × 10-9 metre
25. Which one of the following SI unit is not correctly
Since, 1 metre= 100 cm
matched?
So, 10-9 metre = 102 × 10-9 cm
(a) Work – Joule (b) Force – Newton
= 10-7 cm (c) Mass – kg. (d) Pressure – Dyne
21. One Nanometer is equal to U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
(a) 10–9 m (b) 10–6 m Ans. (d)
(c) 10 m
–10
(d) 10–3 m
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 Pascal is the unit of pressure or stress in the International
Ans. (a) System of Units (SI). Dyne is the unit of force in CGS system.
Clearly, option (d) is not correctly matched.
See the explanation of above question.
22. Ampere is the unit of – 26. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
(a) Voltage (b) Electric current using codes given below :
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(c) Resistance (d) Power List-I List-II

Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 (Units) (Parametric quantities)
Ans. (b) A. Watt 1. Heat
Ampere is the SI unit to measure electric current. If one B. Knot 2. Navigation
C. Nautical mile 3. Speed of a ship
ampere current is flowing in any conducting wire, it means
D. Calorie 4. Power
6.25 × 1018 electrons are entering per second from one
Code :
direction and same amount of electrons flows from the other
A B C D
end per second.
(a) 3 1 4 2
23. Megawatt is the measuring unit of power which is – (b) 1 2 3 4
(a) Generated (b) Consumed (c) 4 3 2 1
(c) Saved (d) Lost in transmission
(d) 2 4 1 3
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
Megawatt is the measuring unit of power, which is generated
The SI unit of power is watt (W), which is equal to one joule
in Power station or Power Plant. 1 Megawatt is equal to 106
per second. Knot is the unit of measuring of speed of a ship.
(1 million) watt.
Nautical mile is a unit of distance used by navigators in the
24. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer sea. Calorie is a unit of measuring heat and energy. Thus
from the code given below : option (c) correctly matched.
List-I List-II
(Physical quantities) (Units) 27. Match the following :
A. Acceleration 1. Joule A. Joule 1. Current
B. Force 2. Newton second B. Ampere 2. Power
C. Work done 3. Newton C. Watt 3. Work
D. Impulse 4. Metre/second2 D. Volt 4. Electric potential
Code : Code :
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (a) 3 1 2 4
(b) 3 4 1 2 (b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 3 4 1 (c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 3 1 2
(d) 1 3 2 4
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)

G–14 General Studies General Science

 (c) 1 2 3 4
Joule is the SI unit of work. Ampere, watt and volt are the
units of current, power and electric potential respectively. (d) 2 1 4 3
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
28. How many watts are there in a horsepower?
I.A.S. (Pre) 1999
(a) 1000 (b 750
Ans. (c)
(c) 746 (d) 748
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991 In fluid mechanics, the Mach number is a dimensionless
Ans. (c) quantity representing the ratio of the speed of a body to
the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. Supersonic
Horse power is a unit of measurement of power (the rate at travell is a rate of an object that exceeds the speed of sound
which work is done). (Mach 1). So Mach is used to represent the high speed.
1 watt = 1 joule/second Wavelength is measured in angstrom while pressure is
1 Horse power = 746 watt. measured in pascal and energy in joule.

29. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ? 32. 'Joule' is related to energy in the same way as 'Pascal'
(a) Knot - Measure of speed of ship is related to :
(b) Nautical mile - Unit of distance used in navigation (a) Mass (b) Pressure
(c) Density (d) Purity
(c) Angstrom - Unit of wavelength of light
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(e) None of the above

(d) Light year - Unit of measuring time
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
See the explanation of above question.
Light year is not a unit of measuring time, but a unit of
measuring distance. The remaining pairs are correctly 33. One micron is equal to –
matched. (a) 1/10 mm (b) 1/100 mm
(c) 1/1000 mm (d) 1/10,000 mm
30. Angstrom is a unit of
39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994
(a) wavelength
Ans. (c)
(b) energy
(c) frequency 1 micron ∑ 10ñ6 m.
(d) velocity ∑ 10ó6 × 103 mm.
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
Ans. (a)

Angstrom (Å) is the unit of length used mainly in measuring

the wavelengths of electromagnetic waves which is equal 34. One micron represents a length of –
to 10–10 metre or 0.1 nanometre. It is named after the 19th (a) 10-6 cm (b) 10-4 cm
century Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Angstrom. (c) 1 mm (d) 1 m
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011
31. Match List-I (Quantity) with List-II (Units) and select Ans. (b)
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II One micron represents a length of 10–6 m. It is represented
by μ sign.
A. High speed 1. Mach
B. Wavelength 2. Angstrom 1 micron = 0.000001 m. = 0.0001 cm.
C. Pressure 3. Pascal cm. cm. = 10–4 cm.
D. Energy 4. Joule
Code :
35. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4 (a) Decibel - Unit of sound intensity
(b) 1 2 4 3 (b) Horsepower - Unit of power

General Science General Studies G–15

 (c) Nautical miles - Unit of naval distance The smaller units of measuring mass are Milligram,
(d) Celsius - Unit of heat Microgram, Pikogram and Femtogram.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004 1 Pikogram ∑ 10-12 gram 1 Milligram = 10-3 gram
U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001 1 Microgram ∑ 10 gram
-6
1 Nanogram ∑ 10-9 gram
1 Femtogram = 10-15 gram
Ans. (d)
40. Pascal is a unit of measuring :
Celsius is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. (a) Humidity (b) Pressure
Heat is measured in Calories. Nautical mile is used to measure (c) Rainfall (d) Temperature
distance at sea. 1 nautical mile is equal to 1.852 km. The Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
SI unit of power is watt (W), which is equal to Joule per Ans. (b)
second. Another unit of power is horsepower (hp) or metric
horsepower. 1 horsepower is equal to 746 watts. Decibel is The pascal (Pa) is the unit of pressure or stress in the
used to measure the sound intensity. International System of Units (SI). It is named after the
scientist Blaise Pascal. One pascal is equivalent to one newton
36. Which one of the following is not the unit of heat? (N) of force applied over an area of one square metre (1m2).
(a) Calorie 1 Pa = 1 newton/metre2 = 1kg / ms2 = 1kg m–1s–2
(b) Kilocalorie
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(c) Kilojoule 41. What is the unit of pressure?

(a) Newton / sq. metre (b) Newton-metre
(d) Watt
(c) Newton (d) Newton/metre
M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 (e) None of the above / More than one of the above
Ans. (d) 64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
The watt is a derived unit of power in the International System Ans. (a)
of Units (SI). Rest of all are the units of heat. See the explanation of above question.
37. Which one of the following is not the unit of heat? 42. The unit of pressure is
(a) Centigrade (b) Calorie (a) kg/cm2 (b) kg/cm
(c) Erg (d) Joule (c) kg/mm (d) kg/cm3
U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017 (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
Ans. (a)
Ans. (e)
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot or cold. It
A kilogram-force per centimetre square (kgf/cm 2) is a
is measured with a thermometer calibrated in one or more
deprecated unit of pressure which was often written as just
temperature scales. The most commonly used scales are
kilogram per square centimetre (kg/cm2). But, kg/cm2 is not
Centrigrade scale, Fahrenheit scale and Kelvin scale. While
the correct expression for pressure and it should be kgf/cm2.
the calorie, erg and joule are the units of heat energy. Heat
1 kgf/cm2 equals 98,066.5 pascals. Thus, in the present
energy is transferred from one body to another as the result
context, option (e) is the right answer.
of a difference in temperature. Heat is a form of energy.
43. What is the unit of atmospheric pressure?
38. A distance of 1 km. means – (a) Bar (b) Knot
(a) 100 m. (b) 1000 cm. (c) Joule (d) Ohm
(c) 1000 m. (d) 100 cm. Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001 Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
Bar is metric (but not SI) unit of pressure. It is equal to 105
The SI unit for distance is metre. 1 Km. is equal to 1000m. newton/metre2. Pascal is SI unit of pressure.
1 m is equal to 100 cm. 1 bar = 105 Pascal.
39. One pikogram is equal to – 44. 1 kg/cm2 pressure is equivalent to :
(a) 10–6 gram (b) 10–9 gram (a) 0.1 bar (b) 1.0 bar
(c) 10 gram
–12
(d) 10–15 gram (c) 10.0 bar (d) 100.0 bar
42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997 Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)

G–16 General Studies General Science

 In this question 1 kg/cm2 refers to 1 kg-force/cm2. C. Richter 3. Rate of flow
D. Bar 4. Computer
1 Dyne ∑ 1.02 × 10-6 kg -force (kgf)
Code :
and 1 Bar ∑ 106 dyne/cm2
A B C D
Therefore substituting the value of Dyne into the value of
(a) 1 2 3 4
Bar –
(b) 3 4 2 1
1 Bar ∑ 106 dyne/cm2 ∑ 1.02 × 10-6 × 106 Kgf/cm2. (c) 4 3 2 1
∑ 1.02 Kgf/cm2. (d) 3 4 1 2
U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl.) (Pre) 2008
45. Which one of the following quantities does not have unit?
Ans. (b)
(a) Stress (b) Force
(c) Strain (d) Pressure Cusec is a measure of flow rate of water and is abbreviation
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above of 'cubic feet per second' (28.317 litres per second). Byte is a
65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019 unit of digital information in computing and communications
Ans. (c) that consists of eight bits. The Richter magnitude scale (also
Richter scale) assigns a magnitude number to quantify the
When the shape or size of a matter is changed by applying energy released by an earthquake. The bar is a metric (but not
an external force, it is known as strain. Since, it is a ratio,
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

SI) unit of pressure exactly equal to 100,000 Pascal.

hence it is dimensionless and without any unit. The unit of
force is newton (kg ms–2) and the unit of stress and pressure 49. What is measured in cusec ?
is pascal (kg m–1s–2). (a) Purity of water (b) Depth of water
(c) Flow of water (d) Quantity of water
46. 1 barrel of oil is equals to which of the following? Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
(a) 131 litre (b) 159 litre Ans. (c)
(c) 179 litre (d) 201 litre
See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009
Ans. (b) 50. Which one of the following is the unit of measure of
the thickness of the ozone layer of the atmosphere ?
The amount of oil is now measured in cubic metres. (a) Knot (b) Dobson
1 barrel = 158.9873 litre (c) Poise (d) Maxwell
1 barrel = 0.158987 cubic metre Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010
1 barrel = 42 U.S. gallon Ans. (b)
1 barrel = 34.9723 U.K. gallons.
Ozone layer thickness is expressed in terms of Dobson
47. The smallest unit of length is – unit, which measure what its physical thickness would be
(a) Micron (b) Nanometre if compressed in the Earth's atmosphere. 1 Dobson unit
(c) Angstrom (d) Fermimetre (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness at STP (Standard
Temperature and Pressure). The unit is named after G.M.B.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
Dobson, one of the first scientists to investigate atmospheric
Ans. (d)
ozone. One Dobson unit is equivalent to 2.687 × 1020
1 Micron ∑ 10-6 metre molecules of ozone per square metre.
1 Nanometre ∑ 10-9 metre 51. 'Dobson' Unit is used for the measurement of –
1 Angstrom ∑ 10-10 metre (a) Thickness of Earth
1 Fermi (Femtometre) ∑ 10-15 metre (b) Thickness of Diamond
48. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer (c) Thickness of Ozone layer
(d) Measurement of Noise
using the codes given below the lists.
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005
List - I List - II
Ans. (c)
A. Cusec 1. Pressure
B. Byte 2. Intensity of Earthquake See the explanation of above question.

General Science General Studies G–17

 Measuring Devices and Scales Cathetometer An instrument to measure vertical distance.
Cryometer A type of thermometer used to measure the
Notes very low temperature of an object.
Different Scientific Apparatus and its Applications Cyclotron An apparatus that accelerates charged
particles outwards from the centre along a
Apparatus Application
spiral path.
Altimeter An instrument used to measure the altitude Crescograph A device used to measure the growth in
of an object, mainly in an aeroplane. plants.
Ammeter An instrument used to measure the electric Dilatometer An instrument that measures volume
current in a circuit. changes caused by a physical or chemical
process.
Anemometer A device used for measuring wind speed and
Dip Circle A device used to measure the angle between
wind pressure.
the horizon and the Earth's magnetic field
Actiometer A device used to measure the heating power (the dip angle).
or intensity of solar radiation. Dynamo An instrument which converts mechanical
A device used for measuring the rate of water energy into electrical energy.
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

Atmometer
evaporation. Dynamometer A device used for measuring force, Torque
or power of the engine.
Audiometer An instrument used for measuring or
Electroencepha- An instrument used for recording the
evaluating hearing acuity.
lograph (EEG) electrical activity of the brain.
Barograph A type of Barometer that records the
Electrometer An electrical instrument for measuring
atmospheric pressure over time in graphical electric charge or electrical potential
form. difference.
Barometer A device used for measuring atmospheric Electroscope An instrument used to detect the presence
pressure. and magnitude of electric charge on a body.
Bolometer A device to measure the power of incident Evaporimeter An instrument used for measuring the rate
of water evaporation from a wet surface to
electromagnetic radiation via the heating
the atmosphere.
of a material with a temperature dependent
Endoscope An instrument used in medicine to look
electrical resistance.
inside the body.
Calipers A caliper is a device used to measure the Fathometer An apparatus to measure the depth of the sea.
distance between two opposite sides of an
Fluxmeter An instrument used to measure the magnetic
object. flux.
Calorimeter A calorimeter is an object used for Galvanometer An electrical instrument for detecting and
calorimetry, or the process of measuring indicating electrical current.
the heat of chemical reactions or physical Gravimeter An instrument used for measuring
gravitational acceleration.
changes as well as heat capacity.
Gyroscope A device used for measuring angular
Cardiograph An instrument for recording graphically the velocity.
movements of the heart. Hydrometer An instrument for measuring the relative
Chronometer It is a specific type of mechanical timepiece density of liquids.
tested and certified to meet certain precision Hydrophone An instrument used for recording or listening
to under-water sound.
standards. It is used by navigators in the sea.
Hygrometer An instrument for measuring the relative
Colorimeter A device used to measure the absorbance of humidity of the atmosphere.
particular wavelengths of light by a specific Hygroscope An instrument which gives an indication of
solution. the humidity of air.

G–18 General Studies General Science

 Hypsometer A device for calibrating thermometers at Pycnometer A laboratory device used for measuring
the boiling point of water at a known height the density or specific gravity of materials
above sea level or for estimating height (liquids or solids).
above sea level by the finding temperature Pyrheliometer It is an instrument for the measurement of
at which water boils. direct beam solar irradiance.
Kymograph A device to record muscular motion, changes Pyrometer A type of remote-sensing radiation
in blood pressure and other physiological thermometer used to measure the high
phenomena. temperature of the surface.
Lactometer An instrument used to check the purity of Psychrometer An apparatus used to measure the relative
milk by measuring its density. humidity of the atmosphere.
Luxmeter An equipment that measures the brightness Rain Gauge (Udometer, Pluviometer or Ombrometer) It
of light falling on an object at a particular gathers and measures the amount of liquid
area. precipitation over a set of period.
Lysimeter A device used to measure the amount of Radiometer It is a device for measuring the radiant flux
actual evapotranspiration which is released of electromagnetic radiation.
by the plant.
Refractometer A device used for the measurement of an
Magnetometer It is also known as Magnetic sensor. It is an index of refraction.
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

instrument that measures magnetism-either

Salinometer An instrument used for measuring the
by magnetization of a magnetic material
salinity of water.
like a ferromagnet or the direction, strength
or relative change of a magnetic field at a Saccharimeter An instrument used for measuring the
particular location. concentration of sugar solutions.
Manometer A device to measure pressure of liquids or Sextant An instrument which measures the angular
gases. distance between two visible objects. It is
Microphone Its nickname is mic or mike. It is a transducer used to know the height of celestial bodies.
that converts sound waves into electrical Sphygmo- An apparatus used to measure the blood
signals. manometer pressure.
Microtome It is a tool used for cutting extremely thin Stethoscope A medical device used for listening to the
slices of materials, known as sections. Used sounds of the heart.
especially in Biology to observe the sections
under a microscope or electron microscope. Speedometer It measures & displays the instantaneous
Nephoscope An instrument for measuring the altitude, speed of a vehicle.
direction and velocity of clouds. Tachometer An instrument used for measuring rotation
Odometer An instrument for measuring the distance of the speed of a shaft or device. It is widely
travelled by a wheeled vehicle. used in automobiles & planes etc.
Ondometer An instrument for measuring the frequency/ Viscometer An instrument used to measure the viscosity
wavelength of electromagnetic waves. of a fluid.
Periscope It is an instrument for observation over, Wind vane An instrument for showing the direction of
around or through an object or condition that the wind.
prevents direct line of sight observation from
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) - A
the observer's current position.
technique that uses sound propagation
Phonograph A device for mechanical recording &
(usually underwater, as in submarine
reproduction of sound.
navigation) to navigate, communicate with
Photometer An instrument for measuring the intensity or detect objects on or under the surface of
of light. the water, such as other vessels. It uses the
Potentiometer An instrument for measuring voltage by echo principle by sending out sound waves.
comparison of an unknown voltage with a
RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) - Radar is
known reference voltage or to measure the
electromotive force (emf) - a differential an object - detection system that uses radio
potential that tends to give rise to an electric waves to determine the range, angle or
current. velocity of objects

General Science General Studies G–19

 Question Bank 6. The velocity of wind is measured by :
(a) Barometer (b) Anemometer
1. Which one of the following instrument is used for (c) Hydrometer (d) Wind vane
locating submerged objects in an ocean ?
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016
(a) Audiometer (b) Galvanometer
Ans. (b)
(c) Sextant (d) SONAR
U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2016 See the explanation of above question.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000 7. Which one of the following is not correctly matched –
Ans. (d) (a) Anemometer – Wind speed
SONAR [Sound Navigation and Ranging] is used for locating (b) Ammeter – Electric current
submerged objects in an ocean. It is based on a very simple (c) Tacheometer – Pressure difference
principle i.e. pulse of ultrasonic waves is sent into the water, (d) Pyrometer – High temperature
it strikes the target and bounced back towards the source. It U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997
helps to detect or locate submerged submarines and icebergs. Ans. (c)

2. SONAR is mostly used by– A tacheometer is a type of theodolite used for rapid
(a) Astronauts (b) Doctors measurements and determines, electronically or electro-
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(c) Engineers (d) Navigators optically, the distance to target and is highly automated in
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011 its operations. The remaining pairs are correctly matched.
Ans. (d) Pyrometer is a device used for measuring relatively
high temperature, such as is encountered in furnaces.
SONAR is mostly used by Navigators.
Anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed.
3. In SONAR, we use – An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure electric
(a) Radio waves (b) Audible sound waves current in a circuit. Electric current is measured in ampere (A).
(c) Ultrasonic waves (d) Infrasonic waves
8. The device to measure electric current is –
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013
(a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter
Ans. (c)
(c) Voltameter (d) Potentiometer
See the explanation of above question. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
4. The apparatus used to measure intensity of sound is : 65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019
(a) Chronometer (b) Anemometer Ans. (b)
(c) Audiophone (d) Audiometer See the explanation of above question.
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (d) 9. Pyrometer is used to measure –
(a) Air pressure (b) Humidity
An Audiometer is used to measure the intensity of sound, (c) High temperature (d) Density
while Anemometer is used for measuring wind speed and
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011
wind pressure. Chronometer is a timepiece or timing device
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008
with a special mechanism for ensuring and adjusting it's
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006
accuracy, for use in determining longitude at sea or for any
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004
purpose where very exact measurement of time is required.
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998
Audiophone is a type of small hearing aid.
Ans. (c)
5. Which of the following is measured by 'Anemometer' ? A Pyrometer is a type of remote-sensing radiation
(a) Velocity of water-flow (b) Depth of water
thermometer which is used to measure high temperature. It is
(c) Force of the wind (d) Intensity of light
based on Stefan-Boltzmann law, which describes that the total
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012
radiation emitted by a black body is proportional to the fourth
Ans. (c)
power of its absolute temperature (E∝T4). It is also used to
See the explanation of above question. measure the temperature of distant objects such as sun.

G–20 General Studies General Science

 10. Which one of the following devices is used to measure 15. What is measured by manometer?
extremely high temperature? (a) Air pressure
(a) Pyrometer (b) Photometer (b) Pressure of gas
(c) Phonometer (d) Pycnometer (c) Density of liquids
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016 (d) Pressure of oil on the surface
Ans. (a)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990
Ans. (b)
See the explanation of above question.

11. Which one of the following thermometers is known as Manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to
pyrometer? measure pressure of liquids or gases, commonly referred as
(a) Thermo-electric thermometers pressure measuring instrument.
(b) Radiation thermometers
(c) Gas thermometers 16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
(d) Liquid thermometers using the codes given below:
U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 List - I List - II
Ans. (b) (Instrument) (Measuring quantity)
A. Ammeter 1. Pressure
See the explanation of above question. B. Hygrometer 2. Weight
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

C. Spring balance 3. Electric current

12. The thermometer which used to measure 2000 oC
D. Barometer 4. Relative humidity
temperature is –
(a) Gas thermometer Code :
(b) Mercury thermometer A B C D
(c) Total radiation pyrometer (a) 2 3 4 1
(d) Steam pressure thermometer (b) 3 4 2 1
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009 (c) 4 1 2 3
Ans. (c) (d) 1 2 3 4
U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A (Pre) 2001
A total radiation pyrometer is used to measure very high Ans. (b)
temperature. It is suited especially for the measurement
of moving objects or any surface that cannot be reached An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure
or cannot be touched. The temperature is measured by the electric current in a circuit. A hygrometer is used for
measuring the thermal radiation. measuring the moisture content, which is known as humidity
in the atmosphere. A spring balance is a weighing apparatus
13. Which one of the following can be used to measure
that measures different weights by the tension of a spring. A
temperature above 1500oC ?
(a) Clinical thermometer barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
(b) Thermoelectric couple thermometer
17. Which one of the following pair is not correctly
(c) Platinum resistance thermometer
matched?
(d) Pyrometer
(a) Odometer : Measuring instrument for distance covered
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
by motor wheels
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Pre) 2010
(b) Ondometer : Measuring instrument for frequency of
Ans. (d)
electromagnetic waves
Pyrometer is used to measure temperature above 1500oC. (c) Audiometer : Device for measuring sound intensity
(d) Ammeter : Measuring instrument for electric power
14. 'Pyrheliometer' is used for measuring :
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015
(a) Sun spots (b) Solar radiation
Ans. (d)
(c) Air temperature (d) Temperature of plants
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015 Ammeter is an instrument used to measure the electric
Ans. (b) current not for measuring electric power. Thus, option (d) is
Mainly there are two types of devices that are used to not correctly matched.
measure solar radiations, these are : (i) Pyrheliometer, 18. The device to measure electric current is
(ii) Pyranometer. (a) Voltmeter (b) Ammeter

General Science General Studies G–21

 (c) Voltameter (d) Potentiometer 23. Relative humidity is measured by :
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above (a) Hydrometer (b) Hygrometer
64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 (c) Lactometer (d) Potentiometer
Ans. (b) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
The device used for measuring the electric current in a circuit
Ans. (b)
is known as an ammeter. The electric current is defined as the
flow of electrons. Its SI unit is ampere. Hence, the instrument Hygrometer is a device used to determine the relative
measuring the flow of electric current in ampere is known as humidity of the atmosphere. Lactometer is used to measure
ampere meter or ammeter. the density of milk, hydrometer is used for measuring the
relative density of liquids while potentiometer is used to
19. Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric measure the electric potential (voltage) in a circuit.
pressure?
(a) Hydrometer (b) Barometer 24. Which instrument is used for measuring humidity in
(c) Manometer (d) Hygrometer the air?
U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
(a) Hydrometer (b) Hygrometer
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000
(c) Spectrometer (d) Eudiometer
Ans. (b)
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology Ans. (b)

to measure atmospheric pressure. A sudden fall of mercury A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the
in a barometer indicates the thunderstorm. moisture content in the atmosphere which is also called as
humidity in the the air. Spectrometer is an instrument used
20. The liquid/liquids used in the simple barometer is /
are : to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the
(a) Water (b) Mercury electromagnetic spectrum. A Eudiometer is a laboratory
(c) Alcohol (d) All of the above device that measures the change in volume of a gas mixture
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 following a physical or chemical change.
Ans. (b)
A barometer is an instrument for measuring atmospheric 25. Which instrument is used for the measurement of
pressure. There are different types of barometers e.g. wa- humidity in the air ?
ter-based barometers, mercury barometers, vaccum pump (a) Hygrometer (b) Hydrometer
oil barometer, aneroid (nonliquid) barometers etc. Generally, (c) Manometer (d) Odometer
a simple barometer consists of a long glass tube (closed at U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014
one end and open at the other) filled with mercury and turned Ans. (a)
upside down into a container of mercury.
See the explanation of above question.
21. The density of milk can be obtained by the use of :
26. Hygrometer is used to measure –
(a) Hydrometer (b) Butyrometer
(a) Humidity in atmosphere
(c) Lactometer (d) Thermometer
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006 (b) Atmospheric pressure
Ans. (c) (c) High temperature
(d) Velocity of wind
Lactometer is used for the measurement of the density of Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010
milk. Butyrometer is used to measure fat content in milk or Ans. (a)
milk products.
See the explanation of above question.
22. The density of milk is measured by?
(a) Lactometer (b) Hydrometer 27. Which instrument is used to measure humidity?
(c) Barometer (d) Hygrometer (a) Hydrometer (b) Hygrometer
(c) Pyrometer (d) Lactometer
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
Ans. (a)
64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (b)

G–22 General Studies General Science

 See the explanation of above question. Code :
A B C D
28. Which of the following device quantify the humidity (a) 1 2 3 4
in Air? (b) 4 3 2 1
(a) Thermostat (b) Pyrometer (c) 3 4 2 1
(c) Hypsometer (d) Hygrometer (d) 2 1 4 3
R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
Ans. (d) Ans. (c)

Hygrometer is a device which quantifies the humidity in the Stethoscope is an acoustic medical device used for listening
air. Pyrometer is used for measuring high temperature and to the action of someone's heart sound. Sphygmomanometer
hypsometer is used to measure height or altitude. Thermostat is used to measure blood pressure. Caratometer is an
is a device which is used for regulating the temperature of a internationally acclaimed device for checking the purity
system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a of gold. Luxmeter is used to measure the intensity of light.
desired set point temperature.
32. The name of the equipment used for measuring blood
29. Which of the following is correctly matched? pressure is :
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

(a) Thermoresistor - Electronic Thermometer (a) Tacheometer (b) Sphygmomanometer

(b) Capacitor - Thermometer (c) Actiometer (d) Barometer
(c) Bipolar Junction - Rectifier U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007
Transistor Ans. (b)
(d) Junction Diode - Amplifier
U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2016 See the explanation of above question.
Ans. (a) 33. The apparatus used to measure the intensity of light
is known as –
Thermoresistor is a device which acts as an electronic
(a) Anemometer (b) Colorimeter
thermometer. This device changes its resistance with changes
(c) Luxmeter (d) Altimeter
in temperature. So, option (a) is correctly matched.
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004
30. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used in monitoring Ans. (c)
(a) Heart (b) Liver
See the explanation of above question.
(c) Pancreas (d) Brain
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above 34. Radar is used for :
64th B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018 (a) Detecting objects by using light waves
Ans. (d) (b) Reflecting sound waves to detect objects
(c) Determining the presence and location of objects with
An EEG is a test that detects electrical activity of the brain radio waves
using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp. (d) Tracking rain-bearing clouds
Brain cells communicate via electrical impulses and are U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008
active all the time, even when a person is sleeping. This U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996
activity shows up wavy lines on an EEG recording. U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004
31. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer Ans. (c)
from the codes given below the lists :
RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. As
List-I List-II
indicated by the name, it is based on the use of radio waves.
A. Stethoscope 1. To measure intensity of It refers to the technique of using radio waves to detect the
light presence of objects. Today, it is used for a wide variety of
B. Sphygmomanometer 2. To check purity of gold applications, such as to determine the range, angle or velocity
C. Caratometer 3. To hear heart sound of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft,
D. Luxmeter 4. To measure blood pressure guided missiles, vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.

General Science General Studies G–23

 35. Which of the following quantities is measured on the 40. Which of the following instruments is used to record
Richter scale? seismic waves?
(a) Speed of a glacier (a) Seismogram (b) Seismograph
(b) Population growth (c) Seismoscope (d) Seismometer
(c) Intensity of an earthquake
U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017
(d) Temperature inside the earth
R.A.S./R.T.S.(Pre) 2003 Ans. (b)
Ans. (c) See the explanation of above question.
The Richter scale is the most common standard of
41. The intensity of earthquake is measured by?
measurement for an earthquake. It was invented in 1935 by
(a) Barometer (b) Hydrometer
Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as
(c) Polygraph (d) Seismograph
a mathematical device to compose the size of earth- quake.The
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015
Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake,
Ans. (d)
that is the amount of energy released during an earthquake.
36. The intensity of earthquakes is measured : See the explanation of above question.
(a) On the Richter scale (b) On the Kelvin scale 42. Which one of the following devices is used to measure
(c) In decibel (d) In Pascal
the intensity of earthquake?
U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004 (a) Seismograph (b) Stethoscope

Ans. (a) (c) Cosmograph (d) Periscope
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
See the explanation of above question. Ans. (a)
37. Richter scale is used for measuring –
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Velocity of sound
(b) Intensity of light 43. What does a 'seismograph' record ?
(c) Amplitude of seismic waves
(a) Heart-beats (b) Atmospheric pressure
(d) Intensity of sound
U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 (c) Earthquake (d) None of these
Ans. (c) M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995
Ans. (c)
See the explanation of above question.
See the explanation of above question.
38. Which one is not correctly matched ?
(a) Celsius - Temperature 44. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
(b) Kilowatt hour - Electricity from the codes given below the lists :
(c) Rh factor - Blood
List-I List-II
(d) Richter scale - Humidity
Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002 A. Earthquake 1. Ammeter
Ans. (d) B. Height 2. Seismograph
C. Electric current 3. Altimeter
Richter scale is not used to measure humidity. In fact, it is D. Resistance 4. Ohm
used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake. Remaining pairs Code :
are correctly matched. A B C D
39. Which of the following is a seismometer device? (a) 2 3 1 4
(a) Crescograph (b) Seismograph (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) Geiger Counter (d) Raingauge (c) 1 3 4 2
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 (d) 3 2 4 1
Ans. (b)
U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992
Earthquake generates seismic waves which can be detected Ans. (a)
with a sensitive instrument called Seismograph. Crescograph An altimeter or an altitude meter is an instrument used
is a device for measuring growth in plants. It was invented to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose in the early 20th century. Ammeter is used to measure electric current in a circuit. A
Raingauge is used to measure rain. Geiger Counter is a seismograph is used to measure earthquakes and Ohm is the
'particle detector' device that detects radioactivity or radiation. unit of electrical resistance.

G–24 General Studies General Science

 45. Match the correct : (c) Cardiograph - Heart movement
A. Fathometer 1. Atmospheric pressure (d) Seismometer - Curvature of surface
B. Barometer 2. Atmospheric humidity U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999
C. Hygrometer 3. Height U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010
D. Altimeter 4. Depth of sea Ans. (d)
Code :
Among the given options, option (d) is not correctly matched.
A B C D
Seismometer is an instrument used to measure seismic waves
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 4 1 2 3 generated by earthquakes. Carburetor is a device that blends
(c) 4 2 3 1 air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. Cardiograph
(d) 3 1 2 4 is an instrument used to record the mechanical movements
Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2003 of the heart. Manometer is an instrument that uses a column
Ans. (b) of liquid to measure pressure.

Fathometer is an instrument used to determine the depth of 49. Phonometer is used to measure which one of the
water or a submerged object by means of ultrasonic waves. following?
The barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure, (a) The power of brightness of light
hygrometer is used to measure atmospheric moisture and (b) Extremely high temperature
(c) Frequency of electromagnetic wave
Join − https://t.me/thehindu000

altimeter is used to measure altitude/height of an object

above a fixed level. (d) Atmospheric humidity
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014
46. Fathometer is used to measure : Ans. (*)
(a) Earthquake (b) Rain
(c) Depth of sea (d) Sound intensity Phonometer is an instrument which is used for testing the
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015 force of the human voice in speaking. Photometer is used for
Ans. (c) measuring the intensity of light.
50. The apparatus used for detecting lie is known as –
See the explanation of above question.
(a) Polygraph (b) Pyrometer
47. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer (c) Gyroscope (d) Kymograph
from the codes given below the lists : U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013
List - I List - II Ans. (a)
A. Anemometer 1. Earthquakes
A Polygraph popularly referred to as a lie detector, measures
B. Seismograph 2. Atmospheric Pressure
and records several physiological indices such as blood
C. Barograph 3. Wind velocity
pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while the
D. Hygrometer 4. Humidity
subject is asked and answers a series of questions. A Pyrometer
Code :
is a type of remote-sensing thermometer used to measure the
A B C D
high temperature of a surface. A Gyroscope is a spinning
(a) 1 2 3 4
wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation is free to assume
(b) 4 1 2 3
any orientation. Kymograph is an instrument for recording
(c) 4 1 3 2
variations in pressure, as of the blood or in tension, as of a
(d) 3 1 2 4
muscle, by means of a pen or stylus that marks a rotating drum.
U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012
Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010 51. The instrument, used for measuring angular distances
Ans. (d) in vertical plane (elevation) and the horizontal plane
(azimuth), is :
Anemometer : Wind velocity (a) Bevel protractor (b) Altimeter
Seismograph : Earthquake (c) Syncline (d) Theodolite
Barograph : Atmospheric pressure Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020
Hygrometer : Humidity Ans. (d)
48. Which one of the following is not correctly matched : Theodolite is an optical instrument, used for measuring
(a) Manometer - Pressure angular distances between designated visible points in the
(b) Carburetor - Internal combustion engine horizontal and vertical planes.

General Science General Studies G–25