William Marston - an american who used blood pressure to and the criminal would know about.

Lie Detection and Interrogation examine german prisoners of war.

John Reid - In 1948, developed a device which recorded muscular 3 Phases Of A Polygraph Examination
(Polygraph) activity accompanying changes in blood pressure. He claimed 1. Pre-Test Phase - the examiner discusses with the
Polygraph - popularly referred to as lie detector. - measures and greater accuracy could be obtained by making the recordings subject the test issue, review the test questions
records several psychological indices such as blood pressure, pulse, simultaneously with standard blood pressure, pulse, and that will be ask during the test and assess the
respiration and skin conductivity while the subject is asked ans respiration recordings. subjects emotional and physiological suitability to
answers a series of questions. undergo the polygraph test.
- literally means "many writings". Two types of present day polygraph instrumentation 2. Testing Phase - subjects physiological responses
- is derived from two Greek words "Poly"- analog are recorded as the subject answers a set of
which means many and "Graphos"- computerized - most polygraph examiners now used this. questions reviewed earlier.
which means writing. 3. Post Test Phase - examiner reviews test data
blood pressure - is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon Types of Questions in a Polygraph Test obtained and interprets the polygraph chart.
the walls of blood vessels and is one of the principal vital signs. 1. Control Question - preliminary information question
pulse - represents the tactile arterial palpitation of the heartbeat 2. Irrelevant Question - Conclusions That A Polygraph Examiner May Reach
by trained fingertips. It can also be measured by listening to the 3. Relevant Question 1. Subject is telling the truth
heart directly using a stethoscope. - In a polygraph test, the types of questions 2. Subject is not telling the truth
respiration - the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the alternates, the test is passed if the physiological 3. The result is inconclusive
cells within tissues and the transport of carbon dioxide in the responses during the probable lie control questions
opposite direction. are larger than those during the relevant * A polygraph test normally lasts between one and a
skin conductivity - also known as Galvanic sin response - is a question. half hours to two and a half hours.
method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin which
varies with its moisture level. * Polygraph test result in the philippines is not
ohmmeter - is an electrical instrument that measures electrical Lie Detection - is the practice of determining whether someone is admissible in evidence as proof of the guilt of an
resistance, the opposition to an electric current. lying. accused.
galvanometer - an instrument for detecting and measuring electric
current. Three Basic Approaches To The Polygraph Test * Polygraph test is voluntary.
stimuli - is applied to sensory receptor, it influences a reflex via 1. The Control Question Test (CQT) - this test
stimulus transduction. compares the physiological response to relevant * The accuracy of polygraph test is about 90%
questions about the crime with the response to provided the examiner is competent and the
Personalities who contributed to the development of the questions relating to possible prior misdeeds. This polygraph machine is in good working condition.
polygraph machine. test is often used to determine whether certain
Cesare Lombroso - he invented in 1895 a device to measure criminal suspects should be prosecuted or classified * Polygraph is an investigative tool.
changers in blood pressure for police case. as uninvolved in the crime.
John Augustus Larson - a medical student at the University of 2. The Directed Lie Test (DLT) - this test tries to detect * The principle behind a lie detection test is that when
California at Berkeley, invented the polygraph in [Link] device lying by comparing physiological responses when the subject hears a questions which he or she
record both blood pressure and galvanic skin response. Further the subject is told to deliberately lie to responses intends to lie, the brain interprets and triggers
work on this device was done by Leonarde Keeler. when they tell the truth. automatic and uncontrollable physiological changes
Leonarde Keeler - was the co-inventor of the polygraph. He 3. The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) - this test captured by the polygraph.
developed the so called cardio-pneumo psychogram capable of compares physiological responses to multiple choice
detecting deception and worked on to produce the modern type questions about the crime, one choice of which Who Uses The Polygraph
polygraph. contains information only the crime investigators 1. Law Enforcement Agencies
2. Legal Community heart rate. A. 1801
3. Private Sector A. Ceasar Lombroso B. 1803
B. Daniel DeFoe C. 1802
Kinds of Errors in a Polygraph Test C. William Marston D. 1804
1. False Positive - occurs when a truthful examinee D. Ken Adler
is reported as being deceptive. 9. In the early 1900s, He invented what he called the “ink
2. False Negative - when a deceptive examinee is 4. In 1764, He wrote of torture, “By this method, the robust will polygraph”.
reported as truthful. escape, and the feeble be condemned. This was used to monitor cardiovascular responses by measuring
A. Cesare Lombroso pulse and blood pressure.
Causes of Polygraph Errors B. Daniel DeFoe A. Ken Adler
1. Failure of examiner to properly prepare the C. Cesare Beccaria B. Vittorio Benussi
examinee for the examination. D. William Marston C. James MacKenzie
2. Misreading of the physiological data on the D. Cesare Lombroso
polygraph charts. 5. He became the first person to use science as a method of
3. Defective polygraph machine. detecting [Link] 1914, He used pneumatic tubing to study an individual’s
deception. breathing rates. The device wrapped around the person’s chest
Reactions - changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, A. Cesare Lombroso and
breathing and sweat activity. B. Daniel DeFoe measured depth and rate of breath.
C. Cesare Beccaria A. Vittorio Benussi
D. William Marston B. Ken Adler
Lie Detection and Interrogation 6. The Father of Modern Criminology Cesare Lombroso, became
C. James MacKenzie
D. Cesare Lombroso
Reviewer 1 the
first person to use science as a method of detecting deception in
1. A portion of rice spit from a person’s mouth revealed whether the year Remember the following: Lie Detection and Interrogation
he or A. 1895
she was lying. Spitting out dry rice indicated the dry mouth of a B. 1925 1. A portion of rice spit from a person’s mouth revealed whether
[Link] form of lie detection originated in C. 1896 he or she was lying. Spitting out dry rice indicated the dry mouth of
A. India D. 1926 a [Link] form of lie detection originated in China.
B. China
C. England 7. He developed a method of measuring the amount of sweat a 2. In Europe, During the Middle Ages, torture was used as a means
D. Africa suspect produced during interrogation. This was determined by of forcing a person to tell the truth.
2. During the Middle Ages, torture was used as a means of forcing the
a electrical conductibility of the suspect’s skin. 3. In the early 1700s, Daniel DeFoe was the first to move away
person to tell the [Link] was prevalent in what continent? A. B. Sticker from torture by suggesting that deception could be evaluated by
A. Asia B. C. Lombroso monitoring the heart rate.
B. Africa C. D. Sticker
C. South America D. C. Beccaria 4. In 1764, Cesare Beccaria wrote of torture, “By this
D. Europe method, the robust will escape, and the feeble be condemned.
3. In the early 1700s, He was the first to move away from torture 8. The first “polygraph” machine was actually a copy machine
by invented
suggesting that deception could be evaluated by monitoring the in
5. The Father of Modern Criminology Cesare Lombroso, became
the first person to use science as a method of detecting deception
Lie Detection and Interrogation 7. The first to discover the phenomenon we now know as
electrodermal
in the year 1895. Reviewer 2 response.
1. The First Polygraph school. A. Leonarde Keeler
6. Cesare Lombroso became the first person to use science as a A. Keeler Institute B. Ron Adler
method of detecting deception. B. Scherers Institute C. John Larson
C. Marston Institute D. Marie Gabriel Vigouroux
7. B. Sticker developed a method of measuring the amount of D. Larsons Institute
sweat a 8. Cesare Lombroso was the first to experiment with a device
suspect produced during interrogation. This was determined by 2. The First Full Time professional polygraph examiner. measuring
the A. Leonarde Keeler blood pressure and pulse to detect deception in criminal
electrical conductibility of the suspect’s skin. B. William Marston suspects,He called it
C. John Larson A. Sphygmograph
8. The first “polygraph” machine was actually a copy machine D. Ron Decker B. Hydrosphygmograph
invented C. Cardiograph
in 1804. 3. It measures systolic blood pressure as a means of determining D. Pneumograph
whether a suspect was lying during an interrogation.
9. In the early 1900s, James MacKenzie invented what he called A. Sphygmomanometer 9. The First Polygraph machine suitable for use in criminal
the B. Emotograph investigation
“ink polygraph”. This was used to monitor cardiovascular C. Kymograph was invented by
responses by measuring pulse and blood pressure. D. Psychogalvanometer A. Cesare Lombroso
B. Leonarde Keeler
10. In 1914,Vittorio Benussi used pneumatic tubing to study an 4. A U.S case wherein the examiners testimony regarding a C. Vittorio Venussi
individual’s breathing rates. The device wrapped around the defendants D. John Larson
person’s chest and measured depth and rate of breath. fact of passing the polygraph test was not accepted in evidence.
A. U.S vs. Ohio 10. An instrument for recording variations in pressure, e.g., in
B. Keeler vs. U.S sound waves or in blood within blood vessels, by the trace of a
Answer: Lie Detection and Interrogation C. Frye vs. U.S stylus on a rotating cylinder.
1. C D. Larson vs. U.S A. Kymograph
2. D B. Galvanograph
3. B 5. He invented the modern polygraph machine in 1921. C. Pheumograph D. Cardiograph
4. C A. Leonarde Keeler
5. A B. William Marston Remember the following: Lie Detection and Interrogation
6. A C. John Larson
7. A D. Ron Decker 1. Keeler Institute - The First Polygraph school.
8. D
9. C 6. Polygraph literally means 2. Leonarde Keeler - The First Full Time professional polygraph
10. A A. Many Writings examiner.
B. Different Writings
C. Various Writings 3. Sphygmomanometer - It measures systolic blood pressure as a
D. Cursive Writings means of determining whether a suspect was lying during an
interrogation.
 [Link] developed the first instrument to record simultaneously a
4. Frye vs. U.S - A U.S case wherein the examiners testimony 1. An Italian scientist who in 1895, theorized that when in person's
regarding a defendants fact of passing the polygraph test was emotional blood pressure,pulse rate and respiration changes.
not accepted in evidence. stress or tension, blood would rush to the head. A. Mosso
A. Mosso B. Cesare Lombroso
5. John Larson - He invented the modern polygraphy machine in B. Cesare Becarria C. Dr. John Larson
1921. C. Cesare Lombroso D. Dr. William Marston
D. William Marston
6. Polygraph literally means "many writings". 7. He found out in 1914, that distinct changes occur in the
2. He built a delicately balanced board with a center fulcrum.A respiratory
7. Marie Gabriel Vigouroux - The first to discover the phenomenon person patterns during attempt to deceive.
we now know as electrodermal response. lying on this board was placed under stress and blood would A. John Larson
rush B. Cesare Lombroso
8. Cesare Lombroso was the first to experiment with a device to his head causing the board to tilt down at the head. C. Vittorio Benussi
measuring blood pressure and pulse to detect deception in A. Mosso D. Dr. William Marston
criminal suspects,He called it Hydrosphygmograph. B. Cesare Becarria
C. Cesare Lombroso 8. He conducted experiments in lie detection by measuring and
9. The First Polygraph machine suitable for use in criminal D. Dr. William Marston recording the rate and depth of the subject's respiration.
investigation was invented by John Larson. A. John Larson
3. In 1895, he used measurements of blood pressure changes B. Cesare Lombroso
10. Kymograph - This device allow the chart paper to be pulled during C. Vittorio Benussi
under the recording pens at constant speed. interrogations using a water pressure apparatus. D. Dr. William Marston
11. The Following sectors uses the polygraph examination A. Mosso
1. Private Sector B. Cesare Becarria 9. An Italian physiologist accidentally discovered that a dissected
2. Legal Community C. Cesare Lombroso frog
3. Law enforcement,Military and Government D. Dr. William Marston leg would twitch and contract spasmodically at the touch of a
scalpel charged with electricity.
1. A 4. This water pressure apparatus is known today as A. Mosso
2. A A. Cardiograph B. Luigi Galvani
3. A B. Cardiosphygmograph C. Vittorio Benussi
4. C C. Pneumograph D. Dr. William Marston
5. C D. Hydrosphygmograph
6. A [Link] had found that current or "galvanic Electricity" flowed
7. D 5. He established in 1915 the relevance of blood pressure changes through
8. B in animal tissue.
9. D the systolic blood pressure. A. Mosso
10. A A. Mosso B. Luigi Galvani
B. Cesare Becarria C. Vittorio Benussi
C. Cesare Lombroso D. John Larson
Lie Detection and Interrogation D. Dr. William Marston

Reviewer 3 Remember the following:Lie Detection and Interrogation

 [Link] - Records heart/blood pressure. embodied in polygraph procedure today.
1. Mosso - An Italian scientist who in 1895, theorized that when in [Link] - Records breathing. A. Veraguth
[Link] - Records electrical current in the [Link] B. A. R. Luria
as C. Sticker
emotional stress or tension, blood would rush to the head. Galvanic skin response and Galvanic skin conductance. D. Mosso

2. Mosso - He built a delicately balanced board with a center Answers: Lie Detection and Interrogation 4. In 1932, He wrote, the criminal is certainly far from being
fulcrum.A person lying on this board was placed under stress 1. A indifferent to
and 2. A his experience,but on the contrary,he puts himself in an active
blood would rush to his head causing the board to tilt down at 3. C relation
the 4. D to his experience,its trauma,urging him into activity - conditions
head. 5. D the
6. C dynamics of his behavior.
3. Cesare Lombroso - In 1895, he used measurements of blood 7. C A. Veraguth
pressure changes during interrogations using a water pressure 8. C B. A.R. Luria
apparatus. 9. B C. Sticker
10. B D. Mosso
4. This water pressure apparatus is known today as
Hydrosphygmograph 5. He developed in 1926, the metal recording [Link] also

5. Dr. William Marston - He established in 1915 the relevance of

Lie Detection and Interrogation incorporated
the kymograph and the rolled chart [Link] used these
blood Reviewer 4 developments
pressure changes in the systolic blood pressure.
1. In 1897, He was one of the first to suggest the use of the (EDA)
6. Dr. John Larson - He developed the first instrument to record Galvanic Skin Response as an indicator of deception. together with the cardio and pneumo components,developing
simultaneously a person's blood pressure,pulse rate and A. Mosso the
respiration changes. B. Larson first polygraph instrument known today.
C. Sticker A. Leonard Keeler
7. Vittorio Benussi - He found out in 1914, that distinct changes D. Marston B. Veraguth
C. Cesare lombroso
8. Vittorio Benussi - He conducted experiments in lie detection by 2. He was the first to make word association test using the D. A.R. Luria
measuring and recording the rate and depth of the subject's galvanometer.
respiration. A. Veraguth 6. He is the father of polygraph.
B. Mosso A. Leonard Keeler
9. Luigi Galvani - An Italian physiologist accidentally discovered C. Sticker B. William Marston
that a D. Marston C. John Larson
dissected frog leg would twitch and contract spasmodically at D. Cesare Lombroso
3. Many scientist have studied human behavior in relation to lie
[Link] Galvani - He had found that current or "galvanic [Link] them was this man who did not use an 7. He devised the first structured test [Link] test is made
Electricity" flowed through animal tissue. instrument up
approach but many of his theories in the psychology of using relevant questions interspersed with irrelevant
11. The 3 Basic components of a polygraph machine deception are [Link] R
 and I test. 3. A. R. Luria - Many scientist have studied human behavior in [Link] Arther - He operates the National School of Lie Detection
A. Leonard Keeler relation to and
B. William Marston lie [Link] them was this man who did not use an developed his known lie and probable lie question technique
C. Sticker instrument and the
D. John Larson approach but many of his theories in the psychology of guilt complex question.
deception are
8. He used Keeler's technique and after testing numerous subjects, embodied in polygraph procedure today. Answers: Lie Detection and Interrogation
he 1. C
found that in using that technique he was getting too many 4. A.R. Luria - In 1932, He wrote, the criminal is certainly far from 2. A
inconclusive result and an unacceptable error rate. being 3. B
A. A.R Luria indifferent to his experience,but on the contrary,he puts himself 4. B
B. Mosso in an 5. A
C. Veraguth active relation to his experience,its trauma,urging him into 6. A
D. John Reid activity - 7. A
conditions the dynamics of his behavior. 8. D
[Link] the detection of deception,He developed a structured 9. D
technique 5. Leonard Keeler - He developed in 1926, the metal recording 10. D
using comparison questions. [Link] also incorporated the kymograph and the rolled
A. A.R. Luria chart
B. Mosso
C. Veraguth and
[Link] used these developments together with the cardio
Lie Detection and Interrogation
D. John Reid pneumo components,developing the first polygraph instrument Reviewer 5
known
[Link] operates the National School of Lie Detection and developed today. 1. He introduced the symptomatic question or myth to
his known lie and probable lie question technique and the guilt disclose whether or not an outside issue is bothering the subject.
complex question. 6. Leonard Keeler - He is the father of polygraph. A. Dick Arther
A. Leonard Keeler B. Leonard Keeler
B. Mosso 7. Leonard Keeler - He devised the first structured test C. John Reid
C. John Reid [Link] D. Cleve Backster
D. Dick Arther test is made up using relevant questions interspersed with
irrelevant 2. Manufactured the first commercial polygraph instrument
[Link] R and I test. for Leonard Keeler.
Remember the following: Lie Detection and Interrogation A. Associated Press Inc.
8. John Reid - He used Keeler's technique and after testing B. Associated Research Inc.
1. Sticker - In 1897, He was one of the first to suggest the use of numerous C. Associated manufacturing Inc.
the subjects,he found that in using that technique he was getting too D. Associated Detection Inc.
(EDA) Galvanic Skin Response as an indicator of deception. many inconclusive result and an unacceptable error rate.
3. The name of the first manufactured polygraph instrument.
2. Veraguth - He was the first to make word association test using 9. John Reid - .In the detection of deception,He developed a A. Keeler polygraph instrument
the structured B. Associated Detecting instrument
galvanometer technique using comparison questions. C. Larson polygraph instrument
D. Marston polygraph instrument
 A. Leonarde Keeler Pre-test interview.
4. If a subject looked down and moved his toe in a circular motion B. John Larson
while C. William Marston [Link] most prominent polygraph examiner of all time is
being interrogated, he was taugh to be [Link] ancient D. Cleve Backster Leonard Keeler.
deception detection is known as
A. Nervous behaviorism Remember the ff: lie detection and interrogation 11. Present day manufacturers of polygraph instrument
B. The ordeal of the sacred donkey 1. Cleve Backster - He introduced the symptomatic question or 1. lafayette
C. The ordeal of rice myth 2. stoelting
D. The sacred ass to disclose whether or not an outside issue is bothering the 3. Axciton
subject. 4. Limestone
5. If the suspect's tongue was not burned,he was judged innocent. Now Known as Backster Zone Comparison technique. 1. D
If the suspect's tongue was burned,he was judged [Link] 2. B
ancient deception detection is known as 2. Associated Research Inc. - Manufactured the first commercial 3. A
A. The hot iron test polygraph instrument for Leonard Keeler. 4. A
B. Bear the hot iron test 5. C
C. The ordeal of the hot iron 3. Keeler polygraph instrument - The name of the first 6. A
D. The ember test manufactured polygraph instrument. 7. B
8. C
6. What company is the leader in the manufacture of polygraph? 4. If a subject looked down and moved his toe in a circular motion 9.
A. Lafayette instrument company while 10. A
B. Axciton being interrogated, he was taugh to be [Link] ancient
C. Stoelting
D. Limestone
deception detection is known as Nervous behaviorism.
[Link] is the largest polygraph market in the world?
A. Russia 5. If the suspect's tongue was not burned,he was judged innocent.
B. Ukraine If the suspect's tongue was burned,he was judged [Link]
C. U.S.A ancient deception detection is known as The ordeal of the hot
D. Georgia iron.

8. Depending on the complexity of the case and the number of 6. Lafayette instrument company is the leader in the manufacture
issues of
being tested a polygraph examination generally takes polygraph instrument.
A. 1-2 hours
B. 3-4 hours 7. The largest polygraph market in the world is Ukraine.
C. 2-3 hours
D. 4-5 hours 8. Depending on the complexity of the case and the number of
issues
9. What is the longest phase of the polygraph examination? being tested a polygraph examination generally takes 2 to 3
Ans. Pre-test interview hours.

[Link] is the most prominent polygraph examiner of all time? [Link] longest phase of the polygraph examination is the