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Check Sheet

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

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range

Frequency

150-155
155-160 160-165 165-170

170-175
175-180
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

3 12 19 17 6 3 3

Histogram & Frequency Curve

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Histogram- Shows frequency of

some parameter. Frequency means quantity or Numbers of Parameter ---Score.

(Historical Data) Take suitable scale on x & y axis Depending upon space available.
Square look

9
4

Strips (Intervals, classes) 5 Width = distance Along x axis.

= 20 for each strip

Range
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 5

Is it having square look?

Imp.terms- 1) No. of intervals or classes or strips, .12 2) Interval width ..5

Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte 6

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Make Graphical Summary of Data

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

Drawing a Histogram.
4) Make a Frequency sheet.

Strip range
(Exclusive)

Frequency

150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170 170-175 175-180

Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

3 12 19 17 6 3 9

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5) Draw the Histogram

Square look

Histogram With
A smooth curve drawn by joining the top mid points of strips. This curve is called-

Frequency curve
If the points are joined by straight line, then its called

Frequency Polygon Histogram or Frequency curve shows Distribution of frequency These tools summarize the Data Sets graphically for better understanding .

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

10

Exercise-1

From the Summarized Graphical Dataset (Histogram), Determine..

How many students achieved the marks below 50 ? A scholarship is given for the students achieving the Target of 60 (or above) Marks. How many students achieve this?
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 12

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Histogram shapes & comments

A-Most of the data are on target, with very little variation from it.

Target means the Desired Value (on X axis)

B-Although some data are on target, many others are dispersed away from the target.

C-Even when most of the data are close together, they are located off the target by a significant amount.

D-The data are off target and widely dispersed.

Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 13

Histogram shapes & comments

This pattern may be observed if data from several sources are mixed or different measurement devices are used.

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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Uses of Histogram
Histogram is used in H.R. Manufacturing- Summarize the Part dimensions Marketing- Summarize the sales data. Sports- Summarize the Points, Marks etc. And many other areas

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

15

A Use of Histogram
Compare process results with specification limits- A Gun firing hits can be compared with the desired limits and the Target.

Specification limits may take the form of length, weight, density, quantity of materials to be delivered, or whatever is important for the product of a given process.
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte 16

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A Use of Histogram
Use a tool to assist in knowing the dispersion.

Identify the cause of problems in a process by the shape as well as the width of the distribution.

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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Stratification
Stratification is simply the creation of a set of charts for the same data, using different possible causative factors.

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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EXERCISES
Prepare Histogram for following data

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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Solution preparation

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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Ogive
(Cumulative Frequency Curve)

Cumulative Frequency (CF) Curve

Exclusive

(Ogive)

Friday, August 05, 2011

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

22

10

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Exercise
(Ogive)

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Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

23

Bar Chart

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Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte Prof.D.M.Apte

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Pie Chart
Majors 1. Shows Breakdown of Total Quantity into Categories 2. Useful for Showing Relative Differences

Mgmt.
Econ. 10%
25%

36

3. Angle Size
(360)(Percent) (360) (10%) = 36
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Acct.
65%

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Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

Prof.D.M.Apte

25

25

Doing Pareto Analysis

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Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

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Pareto Diagram

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Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

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Pareto Diagram
Percent
Always % Cumulative Polygon (Ogive) Bar Midpoint

100% 67% 33% 0%

Descending Order

Vertical Bar Chart

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Equal Bar Widths

Acct.

Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte

Mgmt. Major Prof.D.M.Apte

Econ.
28
28

13