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 23
BLANK PAGE

0009/02(A)12016
 24

The information contained in this booklet is the property of the Government of the
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release or reproduction of this information, whether in whole or in part and in whatever
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Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board without delay.

Copyright Acknowledgements:

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holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make the necessary
arrangements at the first opportunity.

0009/02(A)/2016
 Index
No.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPORE

PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION

0009/2 (B) PSLE

4 OCTOBER 2016

SCIENCE
(BOOKLET B)

Total Time for Booklets A and B :1 h 45 min

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your Index No. in the boxes at the top right hand corner.
2. Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.
3. Follow all instructions carefully.
4. Answer all questions.
5. Write your answers in this booklet.

FOR MARKERS' USE FOR CSM / SM / ASM's USE

Question Marker ID Supervisor ID / Signature
No. Marker 1 Marker 2
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38 FOR RECORDER'S USE
39 Total Max Recorder ID /
Mark Mark Signature
40
41
40
42
43
44

iEAB This booklet consists of 16 printed pages.

Ve l.,1 Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board

© MOE 2016
 2

PART II

For questions 31 to 44, write your answers in this booklet.

The number of marks available is shown in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
(40 marks)

31 An animal M grows on the shell of a crab as shown below.

animal M growing
on shell

crab

(a) Animal M has a poisonous sting. Explain how the crab would benefit from its
relationship with animal M. [1]

(b) Animal M can also grow on a rock. Explain why it is an advantage for animal
M to grow on the crab instead of growing on a rock. [1]

SCORE
0009/02(6)/2016
2
 3

32 To store seeds for long periods of time, a farmer placed them in a large underground
hole as shown.

The hole was filled completely with seeds and the opening was sealed to prevent
rainwater and air from entering.

seal

sommr,-daprarAPP-
....dirdier.

• %
Ski„..14
14_1 -140 - 'two
21, Aixte...cit
visclii 4/0,410, .10,"freed. w
seeds at the .40V.410.11111-rillt-S1114'011,104,4
centre did not e seeds in outer
germinate 1--
'40'ziw if, I fis 004.041
folk layer
0441. 4.1110
1,
tio Art " es:441.0i,lk.70 40 olio germinated
eleio% ,I4d.-kikmitiirilif
41;1
0 , soler441
o'''1
1 :‘,....VI"ttei rig, I ilatrie410#‘
$ tir;.-Irek.lbvP,ro,40.04 f
"IP 4ir isviiik lb

(a) After some time, the farmer found that seeds in the outer layer of the hole
germinated but the seeds at the centre of the hole did not germinate. Explain
why. [2]

(b) Would the seeds at the centre of the hole decompose after some time?
Explain your answer. [1]

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
0009/02(6)/2016

3
 4

33 At the beginning, island Q had plants and animals but island R had no plants
and no animals.

island Q island R

A few years later, island R started to have plants. Later on, animals were also found
there.

(a) Suggest one way how island R started to have plants. [1]

(b) Give a reason why animals could be found living on island R only after plants
were found growing there. [1]

(c) After some time, a scientist observed that the population of animals on island
Q remained constant but the population of animals on island R increased
rapidly.

Explain why the population on island R increased rapidly. [1]

SCORE
0009/02(B)/2016
3
 5

34 The diagram shows white and black moths. The moths frequently rest on tree trunks.

white moth black moth

The bark of tree trunks in Town A was light in colour.

(a) Which moth would survive better in Town A? Explain your answer. [1]

(b) After several years, air pollution caused the bark of tree trunks in Town A to
turn dark in colour.

Based on this information, what would happen to the population size of both
moths in Town A after several years? Explain your answer. [2]

(c) The life cycle of the moth is similar to that of the butterfly. The graph shows
the mass of a moth during different stages of its life cycle.

mass
of moth

► time

Name stage C of the life cycle of the moth. Suggest a reason why there is no
gain in mass during stage C. [1]

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
0009/02(6)/2016
4
 6

35 Samy conducted an experiment using the set-ups below. He placed four similar test
tubes A, B, C and D in different corners of a dim room.

plant

oil

water

lamp II.
15 cm 60 cm

60 cm

(a) The graph shows the amount of water in the test tubes over a period of time.

' - 7"......
- ....:. ......
-• ••,
,....-....... .......
..... -...... .... - D
amount of water -......,
-.•-. -.-.. - •B
in test tube
'`... ' C
A

► time

Based on the graph,

(i) explain why different distances of light from the plant affect the amount
of water lost. [1]

(ii) which variable, light or wind, has a greater effect on the amount of water
lost? Give a reason for your answer. [1]

0009/02(6)/2016
 7

(b) Samy observed that a plant P growing in a sunny area has smaller leaves
than the same type of plant growing in a shaded area.

leaf A in sunny area leaf B in shaded area

Based on Samy's experiment, suggest a reason why leaf A is smaller in size

than leaf B. [1]

SCORE

36 A greenhouse provides a suitable environment for growing certain crops.

A farmer planted some strawberries in his greenhouse. To produce sweet

strawberries, he must ensure that the plants get at least 8 hours of sunlight daily.

(a) Suggest how having at least 8 hours of sunlight daily may help in producing
sweet strawberries. [1]

(b) In some cold countries, greenhouses are built next to a power station. There
are pipes to transport the waste gases and heat produced by the power
station to the greenhouses.

Suggest one benefit of this arrangement to the environment. [1]

(Go on to the next page)

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0009102(B)12016

2
 8

37 Liwen conducted an experiment using four identical tubes as shown.

black
stopper box

water

A B C D

After a few hours, a drop of liquid Y was added to each tube. When liquid Y was
added, the colour of water changed according to the amount of carbon dioxide
present.

(a) Each number below represents a different colour. The number for the colour
of the water in tube A is 4.

increasing amount of carbon dioxide

o.-
purple red yellow

gi ■ 6 7

tube A

Suggest a number for the colour of the water in tubes B and D. [1]

Tube B: Tube D:

(b) Liwen predicted that tube C has more carbon dioxide than tube A. However,
her friend Santhi said that this may not be true. Explain why tube C may not
have more carbon dioxide than tube A. [2]

SCORE
0009/02(6)/2016
3
 9

38 When air became very cold suddenly, cracks appeared on the pavement.

cold wind

Explain how the change in temperature caused the pavement to crack. [2]

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
0009/02(B)/2016
2
 10

39 Xiaoming conducted an experiment using the set-ups shown. The two beakers were
identical and contained hot water at the same temperature.

thermometer
wooden cover
wooden cover
air
beaker of
hot water beaker of
hot water

block of wood large glass container

set-up A set-up B

(a) After some time, Xiaoming found that the temperature of water in set-up B
was higher than that in set-up A. Explain why. [2]

(b) Animal Q below lives in cold countries. It has a thick layer of fur on its body.

thick layer of fur

Based on the results of Xiaoming's experiment, explain how the thick layer of
fur of animal Q would help to keep it warm. [1]

SCORE
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3
 11

40 Jiaxian used the set-up shown to investigate the magnetic force between two
magnets.
wooden rod

magnet A

magnet B

Diagram 1 Diagram 2
(a) Explain why magnet A stayed in the same position above magnet B as shown
in Diagram 1. [1]

(b) Jiaxian pushed magnet A towards magnet B as shown in Diagram 2. He

found that he needed to push harder as distance P decreased. Explain why.
[1]

(c) A toy ball, G, floated above a base because of magnetic force as shown in
Diagram 3.

A second toy ball, H, had a rod through its centre that was connected to a
base as shown in Diagram 4 . Both balls were made of the same material and
of the same size.
direction of rotation
direction of rotation
rod
ball G
ball H

magnets base
4, base

Diagram 3 Diagram 4

Jiaxian rotated both balls with the same amount of force.

Explain why H stopped rotating around the rod after a few rounds but G
continued to rotate many more rounds before stopping. [1]

(Go on to the next page)

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0009/02(B)/2016

3
 12

41 (a) Huiting's mother bought a new pot that has a layer of material that prevents
food from sticking to its surface during cooking.

Huiting's mother stopped her when she wanted to use a metal scrub to clean
the pot.

metal scrub

77.1
.1. layer of material

pot

Explain how the metal scrub will damage the pot. [1]

(b) Huiting wanted to find out the hardness of two materials H and F. She used a
rounded object made of material G and forced it into each material with the
same force. The results of her experiment are shown below.

Nrounded object of
...._[...L. rounded object
material G of material G

mm
_ 3 mm
t

object of object of
material H material F

List materials F, G, H in increasing order of hardness. Explain your answer.

[2]

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0009/02(6)/2016
3
 13

42 Haziq used the set-up shown to find out how the type of bulb affects the temperature
of its surrounding.

wooden box with a lid

data logger

temperature sensor
bulb R

Bulb R was lit up. He covered the box and recorded the temperature of the air in the
box over a period of 10 minutes. Then he removed bulb R and left the box uncovered
for 15 minutes before repeating the experiment with bulb S and then bulb T. The
results are shown in the table.

Temperature of air in box (°C)

Type of bulb
At the beginning After 10 minutes
R 25 30
S 25 33
T 25 36

(a) Fill in the boxes to show the energy changes in the bulb. [1]

changed into
+

energy energy energy

(b) Give a reason why Haziq left the box uncovered for 15 minutes before
repeating the experiment with the next bulb. [1]

(c) Which bulb, R, S or T should Haziq use to light up his room so as to reduce
energy used by the air conditioner? Give a reason for your answer.
[1]

(Go on to the next page)

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0009/02(6)/2016
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 14

43 (a) An inflated balloon was placed in a toy rocket as shown below. When air was
released from the balloon, the toy rocket moved upwards.

inflated balloon

After moving some distance, no more air was released from the balloon at G.
Explain why the toy rocket was still able to move from point G to the highest
point H and then fell downwards. [2]

(b) The diagram below shows the path of a balloon moving in many different
directions when air escapes from it.

.---2
• ._......-4,:;-„, e• r-'--"
s----..._,
'„
If there is no wind in the room, suggest a reason why the balloon does not
move in a straight line. [1]

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 15

44 A ride at an amusement park for children becomes unsafe when the mass of a child
is too high. Therefore, a child can board the ride only if his/her mass is less than
40 kg.

Set-up A is used to detect a child with mass of 40 kg or more.

set-up A

(a) What type of material are the contacts made of? Why? [1]

(b) An engineer says that the design of set-up A is not safe. He says it will be
safer if the bulb lights up when a child of acceptable mass stands on it.
Give a reason why the design of set-up A is not safe. [1]

(c) How should set-up A be changed to allow a child who is 50 kg and below to
board the ride? [1]

End of paper

SCORE
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 16

The information contained in this booklet is the property of the Government of the
Republic of Singapore. Action will be taken against any person who makes unauthorised
release or reproduction of this information, whether in whole or in part and in whatever
format.

Those seeking permission to release or reproduce this information, in whole or in part and
in whatever format, must direct their request in writing to the Chief Executive, Singapore
Examinations and Assessment Board.

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Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board without delay.

Copyright Acknowledgements:

The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board has made every effort to trace
copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make
the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

0009/02(6)/2016
 PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

39. (a) The wooden block will take a 2016

shorter time to reach the bottom
of the plank. This is because the Booklet A
plank becomes steeper and the
block's weight has more effect 1. (2)
over the friction between the Explanation:
block and plank. Only birds have feathers on their
(b) (i) Graph: M bodies. Other animals such as reptiles
Explanation: and insects also lay eggs. Many insects
- Since the wooden block have wings. Other animals such as fish
moved more slowly, it also have a streamlined body.
would take more time to
reach the bottom of the 2. (4)
plank for the same length Explanation:
of plank. Since X does not have a cell wall, it is
(ii) Mass/Weight of the wooden not a plant cell. It could be an animal
block cell such as a cheek cell. Y is a plant
Material of the block cell that does not contain chloroplasts.
It could be a root cell. Roots do not
40. (a) Rubber is a poor conductor of need chlorophyll to make food. Z is a
electricity /an electrical insulator. plant cell that contains chloroplasts.
Explanation:
It could be a leaf cell.
- Without the rubber, electric
current would be able to flow
3. (1)
between the metal rods.
Explanation:
(b) When it rains heavily, more
The seeds of plant P are distributed
water enters the metal container
over a large area in all directions.
through G and the rising water
They are likely to be dispersed by
level brings the wooden block up.
Eventually, the metal sheet makes animals. The fruit in option (1) has
contact with the metal rods and hooks which are able to attach
this will complete the circuit. the fruit to the fur of animals. The
Hence, electric current flows in animals move around to different
the circuit and the water pump places and carry the fruit with them.
is turned on. The fruit may then drop and be
(c) Lower the position of the metal dispersed. The fruit in option (2) has
rods. a pod-like structure that disperses its
Explanation: seeds by splitting. The fruit in option
- When it rains less heavily, less (3) has a fibrous husk, so it disperses
water enters the container, so its seeds by water. The fruit in option
the water will rise to a lower (4) has a wing-like structure, so it
level. In order for the metal disperses its seeds by wind.
sheet at a lower position to
make contact with the metal
rods, the metal rods can be
moved to a lower position.

15 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd

PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

4. (4) 8. (2)
Explanation: Explanation:
Organism S does not make its own Tube B is the water-carrying tube
food, so it is not a plant. Since that transports water and mineral
it produces spores, it could be a salts from the roots to all parts of
fungus such as a mushroom. Since the plant. Thus, it was turned red by
organism T makes its own food the red-coloured water. Tube C is the
and produces spores, it could be a food-carrying tube that transports
non-flowering plant such as a fern. food from the leaves to all parts of
the plant.
5. (4)
Explanation: 9. (2)
Explanation:
Gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide
T is a plant-eater. It is not a predator.
with oxygen takes place in the lungs.
R is the only producer in the food
In the lungs, blood loses carbon
web. We can see this as arrows point
dioxide and gains oxygen. Blood rich
out of R only. Not all parts of S are
in oxygen flows from the lungs (C) to
eaten by W, so only some energy in
the heart (A) and then to the other S is transferred to W.
parts of the body (B). The cells in
the other parts of the body take in 10. (4)
oxygen from the blood and produce Explanation:
carbon dioxide. Blood rich in carbon Pollination is the transfer of a pollen
dioxide flows from the other parts of grain from an anther to a stigma.
the body (B) to the heart (A) and then Arrows W, Y and Z show pollen grains
to the lungs (C). The cycle repeats. being transferred from anthers to
stigmas. Thus, they show pollination
6. (1) taking place.
Explanation:
Part J removes water from food. It 11. (4)
is the large intestine. Part L passes Explanation:
food to the bloodstream. It is the H and G are parts of a fruit, which
small intestine, where digestion also is formed from a flower. When H
takes place. Digestion takes place in dries up, the fruit splits open with
parts K and M. They are the stomach an explosive force and G is dispersed.
and the mouth respectively. G is a seed. It is developed from a
fertilised egg cell in the ovule.
7. (3)
Explanation: 12. (3)
The stall blocked sunlight from Explanation:
reaching the grass. Without enough Increased greenhouse effect causes a
sunlight, the grass could not carry out rise in temperature (global warming).
The higher temperature causes polar
photosynthesis to produce food. The
ice caps to melt and sea levels to
grass also produced less chlorophyll
rise. As a result, low-lying areas
(a green pigment that traps light).
are flooded. Increased greenhouse
Thus, the grass patch turned yellow.
effect also causes changes in weather
patterns. Some places may experience
long periods with no rainfall and
suffer from droughts.

© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 16

 PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

13. (1) 15. (3)

Explanation: Explanation:
The graph shows that the amount of An adult flowering plant produces
gas collected increased when variable flowers. Pollination of a flower
X was increased. When the number occurs when wind or animals transfer
of water plants was increased, more pollen grains from the anther to the
plants carried out photosynthesis stigma of the flower. A pollen tube
and produced more oxygen gas. develops from a pollen grain and
The bubbles of oxygen gas rose and transfers the male reproductive cell
were collected in the measuring to the egg cell inside the ovule. The
cylinder. Thus, variable X could be the male reproductive cell fuses with the
number of water plants. The volume egg cell and fertilisation occurs. The
of water in the set-up would have ovule develops into a seed, which is
little effect on the amount of gas dispersed far away from the parent
collected. If the number of sheets plant to prevent overcrowding.
of tracing paper and the distance Under the right conditions, the seed
of water plants from the lamp germinates into a young plant.
were increased, the amount of gas
collected would decrease. 16. (4)
Explanation:
14. (1) In condensation, a gas loses heat to
Explanation: become a liquid while in evaporation,
a liquid gains heat to become a gas.
In the first two weeks, the population
Both condensation and evaporation
size of animal P decreased while
occur at any temperature between
the population size of animal X the melting point and boiling point.
increased. This shows that animal
X fed on animal P. After animal Y 17. (3)
was added, the population size of Explanation:
animal X decreased while the Substances B and C are solids at 40°C
population size of animal Y increased. and liquids at 60°C. We can infer that
This shows that animal Y fed on their melting points lie between 40°C
animal X. When the population size and 60°C. So option (2) is wrong.
of animal Y increased, the population Substance A is solid at the three
temperatures and so its melting point
size of animal P also increased. This
and hence freezing point are above
shows that animal Y did not feed on
60°C. So, option (3) is correct. The data
animal P. can only tell us that the boiling points
of the three substances are above
60°C.

17 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd

PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

18. (2) nail went into the wood. The friction

Explanation: between the nail and wood could
Bulb A is connected to a battery. prevent the nail from going too deep
Bulb B is connected to two batteries into the wood. So, factor (4) would
in series. Bulb C and another bulb affect how deep the nail went into
are connected in series to a battery. the wood.
Bulb D and another bulb are
connected to two batteries in 21. (4)
series. The electric current through Explanation:
bulb B is the greatest while the Weight is a pulling force exerted by
current through bulb C is the smallest. the Earth on all objects all the time.
The electric current through bulb A Therefore, the block experienced
is the same as the current through weight at both positions G and W.
bulb D. The block experienced friction when
it moved along the floor. The friction
19. (1) opposed the motion of the block and
Explanation: finally caused it to stop at W. At W,
When a racing car travelling at a high the block was not moving, so there
speed hits the wall, a tremendous was no friction.
force is applied. The rubber of the
car tyres is a strong material that can block of Ice
w
withstand this large force without
breaking. The wall thus protects 4
I
spectators from the car. The rubber of friction +weight

the car tyres is also flexible enough

to change its shape under the strong 22. (2)
force, thereby absorbing the shock. Explanation:
This helps to minimise damage to
the car and also reduce injury to the
driver.

20. (2)
Explanation:
When the hammer hit the nail, the
kinetic energy of the hammer was
Option Lamp that is Lamps that
transferred to the nail. A nail with a not working remain lit
greater mass could possess a greater
(1) A B, C, D, E
kinetic energy. So, factor (1) could
(2) B C, D
affect how deep the nail went into
the wood. The kinetic energy of the (3) C A, B, D, E
hammer came from the energy, not (4) D None
his mass, the man exerted. So, factor
(2) had no effect. The hammer at a
higher position possessed a greater
gravitational potential energy. It
would then have more kinetic energy
to drive the nail into the wood. So,
factor (3) would affect how deep the

© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 18

 PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

23. (4) 26. (2)

Explanation: Explanation:
Water cannot be compressed, so the
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
volume of water would remain the
same (20 cm3) even if it experienced a Cause Friction Friction between
between P and P and Q <
pushing force. Air can be compressed.
Q > weight weight of Q
However, it still occupies space. Thus, of Q and R
the volume of air would decrease but
Effect Q remains Q and R drop
would not be zero. stuck to P

24. (1) 27. (3)

Explanation: Explanation:
In the water cycle, water droplets To investigate whether the length of
fall as rain. When the water from the string of the toy parachute affects
rain falls on the land, it seeps into the time needed for it to fall to the
the earth. Trees take in the water ground, Asman should only change
up through their roots. The trees the length of the string and keep all
then lose water through their leaves the rest of the variables such as area
by evaporation. In this process, they of hole and mass constant.
give off the water as water vapour.
Diagram (2) is eliminated as it does 28. (4)
not have an arrow from trees to Explanation:
water vapour. Diagrams (3) and (4) are
eliminated because the trees should Material Glass Iron Wood
not lose water to rivers and seas. Comparing Poor heat Good heat Poorest
heat conductor conductor heat
conductivity conductor
25. (3)
Prediction Hot water Hot water Hot water
Explanation: in A would in B would in C would
lose heat lose heat lose heat
Before oil After oil is applied slowly the fastest the slowest
is applied and so its and so its and so its
temperature temperature temperature
Kinetic E Greater than E would would would
energy because less kinetic decrease decrease decrease
at P energy is lost to slowly. the fastest. the slowest.
heat due to friction
Options (1) and (2) are wrong as
Potential E Equals to E since
energy the block is at
there must be some heat lost from
at P position P above the water to the surroundings. The
the ground temperature of the hot water cannot
Heat Heat is Less heat is remain the same.
at P produced produced
due to
friction

19 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd

PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

29. (1) Booklet B

Explanation:
31. (a) Since animal M has a poisonous
Observation Light sensor Length of sting, predators of the crab
reading shadow would not dare to go near and
increased increased attack the crab. Thus, animal M
Possibilities 1. Torchlight 3. Torchlight protects the crab.
was moved was moved Explanation:
towards the nearer
- Predators usually avoid preying
screen. towards
2. Screen was object. on poisonous animals. Being
moved 4. Screen was poisonous, animal M is able to
towards moved away protect the crab. If a predator
the from object.
torchlight.
attacks the crab, animal M may
sting and poison the predator.
The crab will not be eaten and
Possibility 2 is ruled out because this
can continue to survive.
would cause the shadow to shrink.
(b) The crab can move from place to
Possibility 4 is ruled out because this
place while the rock cannot. By
would cause the light sensor reading
growing on the crab, animal M
to decrease. Possibilities 1 and 3
can go to more places and obtain
coincide together.
more food.
Explanation:
30. (3)
- Staying at the same place may
Explanation:
reduce animal M's chances of
survival when there is a sudden
change in the environment.
spring X
32. (a) The seeds in the outer layer
were in contact with the soil.
After some time, the seeds in the
outer layer might obtain enough
spring Y
water, air (oxygen) and warmth
from the soil to germinate. The
seeds in the centre remained dry
spring Z and airtight, so they could not
germinate.
Explanation:
- Seeds require water, air
(oxygen) and warmth in order
Spring X holds the masses of P, Q to germinate.
and R and so it extends the most. - Soil retains water. Small pockets
Spring Z holds the mass of R only and of air are also found between
so it extends the least.
soil particles.

© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 20

 PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

(b) No, the seeds would not (c) The plants on island R provided
decompose. Decomposers such food and shelter for the animals.
as bacteria require air and water Under the favourable conditions,
to survive. Since air and water the animals reproduced quickly
were absent at the centre of the and the population of animals
hole, decomposers would not be increased rapidly.
present to decompose the seeds. Explanation:
Explanation: — The first animals found on
— Decomposers such as bacteria island R are likely to be
are living things which need plant-eaters. With an
air, water and food to survive. abundance of food and no
—If one or more of the three predators to prey on them,
conditions are not met, their number is likely to
decomposition will not take increase rapidly.
place.
34. (a) White moths would survive better
33. (a) Fruits dispersed by water might in Town A. White moths could
reach the shores of island R. better camouflage themselves
Their seeds might germinate and against the light-coloured bark
grow on island R. / Some birds of the tree trunks. They were less
might pass their droppings on likely to be spotted by predators
island R. The birds' droppings and eaten.
might contain seeds of fruits Explanation:
which the birds had eaten. (Any — Black moths stood out against
one) the lighter background. They
Explanation: were more likely to be spotted
—Island R is surrounded by water. by predators and eaten. Thus,
Thus, fruits dispersed by water they would not survive as well
are likely to be found on it. as white moths.
— Fruits/Seeds can also be (b) The population size of white
dispersed by animals, wind moths would decrease while the
and splitting. population size of black moths
(b) Animals are unable to make their would increase. Since the bark
own food. They rely directly or of tree trunks became dark in
indirectly on plants to obtain colour, white moths were easily
their food. spotted by predators while black
Explanation: moths were not. More white
— Plants are producers which can moths than black moths would
carry out photosynthesis to be eaten.
make their own food. Explanation:
— Animals are consumers which — After several years, black moths
rely on plants for their food. would survive better in Town A.
They could better adapt to the
changes in the surroundings.
They survived and reproduced
more black moths. Thus, the
population size of black moths
would increase.

21 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd

PSLE Yearly Science - Answers

- On the other hand, white (b) In the sunny area, leaf A is

moths could not survive as well exposed to more light than
as black moths and were eaten leaf B. Thus, leaf A loses water
more often by predators. They at a higher rate than leaf B. To
reproduced fewer white moths. prevent leaf A from losing too
Thus, the population size of much water, it has a smaller size
white moths would decrease. than leaf B.
(c) Stage C is the pupal stage. The Explanation:
pupa does not eat, so it does not - The smaller the surface area of
gain mass. a leaf, the smaller the number
Explanation: of stomata found on the leaf
- During stage C, the pupa and the lower the amount of
undergoes major structural water lost from the leaf.
changes to turn into the adult
moth. It does not feed during 36. (a) This allows the strawberries to
this process. Thus, its mass carry out photosynthesis for at
remains constant. least 8 hours. A larger amount
of sugars may be produced by
35. (a) (i) The further the plant was the plants and stored in the
from the lamp, the lower the strawberries, thus making them
intensity of light it received sweet.
and the lower the rate of Explanation:
photosynthesis. Thus, the - Plants can only make food
(sugars) through photosynthesis
plant in test tube B absorbed
in the presence of light. The
less water than the plant in
longer the plants are exposed
test tube A and the amount
to light, the more sugars they
of water loss in test tube B
make. Sugars are sweet and are
was less.
usually stored in fruits.
Explanation:
(b) Since the waste gases are not
- Plants require water to
released into the environment,
carry out photosynthesis.
less air pollution would occur.
The higher the rate of
Explanation:
photosynthesis, the more
- Discharge of waste gases
water a plant absorbs from
into the environment may
its surroundings.
pollute the air and cause global
(ii) Light has a greater effect on
warming.
the amount of water lost.
Comparing lines A and C, the 37. (a) Tube B: 1/2 (Any one)
plant in test tube A lost more Tube D: 6/7(Any one)
water than the plant in test Explanation:
tube C. il
- In the presence of light, the
Explanation: plant in tube B carried out
- The lower the line graph, photosynthesis. The plant took
the less amount of water in dissolved carbon dioxide in
remaining in the test tube the water. Thus, the water in
and the more water lost. tube B contained less carbon
dioxide than the water in
tube A and is likely to be purple
in colour.

© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 22

 PSLE Yearly Science — Answers
— The snail in tube D carried Top layer of pavement
becomes cold and contracts
out respiration and produced cold wind
carbon dioxide. In the absence
of light, the plant in tube D did crack
not carry out photosynthesis.
The plant also carried out pavement

respiration and produced

carbon dioxide. Thus, the
Bottom layer of
water in tube D contained pavement remains warm
more carbon dioxide than the
water in tube A and is likely to
be yellow in colour. 39. (a) In set-up A, heat from the hot
water is directly lost to the
(b) In tube C, both the snail and surrounding air. In set-up B, the
the plant carried out respiration trapped layer of air, which is a
and produced carbon dioxide. poor conductor of heat, slows
However, in the presence of down heat loss.
light, the plant also carried Explanation:
out photosynthesis and took in — Poor conductors of heat such
carbon dioxide. The amount of as air and wood reduced the
carbon dioxide taken in by the heat loss of the content. As a
plant may be more than the result, the temperature drop
amount of carbon dioxide given of the substance could be less.
out by the plant and snail. Thus, — The slower the heat loss,
tube C may not have more carbon the slower the decrease in
dioxide than tube A. temperature.
Explanation: (b) The thick layer of fur traps a
— The plant may carry out a thick layer of air. As air is a
higher rate of photosynthesis poor conductor of heat, it slows
than the rates of respiration. down the rate of heat loss
from the animal's body to the
38. The exposed surface of the pavement surroundings, keeping it warm.
lost heat to the cold wind and Explanation:
contracted while the inner layer of — Besides air, the thick layer of
the pavement that was warmer did fat the animal has is a poor
not contract. This uneven contraction conductor of heat. The fat
gave rise to the cracks. does not allow heat to travel
Explanation: through it easily, hence it also
— When the volume of the contracting helps to keep the animal warm.
surface decreased, it occupied less
space. When the change of space
reduction was big enough, a crack
was produced and it became
visible.

23 © Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd

PSLE Yearly Science - Answers

40. (a) The lower face of magnet A had 41. (a) Metal is a hard material. If the
the same pole as the upper face metal scrub was used to clean the
of magnet B. Since like poles pot, it would scratch the surface
repel each other, magnet A layer of the pot, damaging the
experienced an upward magnetic function of the layer and hence
force. This force balanced the the pot.
weight of magnet A and thus Explanation:
kept it in the same position above - The material of the layer cannot
magnet B. withstand wear and tear if an
Explanation: object made of hard material
- For magnet A to stay in the is used to scratch it. Once the
position in diagram 1, there layer is damaged, it is not able
must be an upward force acting to retain the property that
on it to balance its downward prevents food from sticking to
weight. This force was the it.
magnetic force exerted by (b) (softest) H, F, G (hardest).
magnet B. Based on the experiment, G was
(b) Magnetic force increases with able to scratch H and F, so it is
decreasing distance between the harder than H and F. Besides,
magnets. Magnet A experienced F was scratched less (1 mm) than
a greater repulsive force from H (3 mm), so F is harder than H.
magnet B when it was brought Explanation:
closer to it. Thus, Jiaxian needed - A material can scratch all
a greater pushing force to move materials that are softer than
magnet A downwards. itself, but it cannot scratch
Explanation: those that are harder than
- The closer a magnet or magnetic itself.
material to another magnet,
the stronger the magnetic force 42. (a)
it experiences from the magnet.
changed into
(c) There was friction between Electrical Light Heat
ball H and the rod as they are energy energy energy

in contact. Thus, part of the Explanation:

kinetic energy was converted into - When the bulb was lit up,
heat due to the friction, hence electrical energy transferred
less kinetic energy was left for from the circuit to it was
ball H to rotate. converted into light energy.
Explanation: Meanwhile, some of the
- When Jiaxian rotated electrical energy was converted
ball G and ball H with the same into heat energy.
amount of force, the same (b) This was to ensure that the
amount of kinetic energy was starting temperature was the
transferred to both balls to same (25°C) when the experiment
make them rotate. is repeated for all the three bulbs.
- The rotating ball G does Therefore, the experiment could
not experience friction with be conducted under the same
another solid surface and so it condition and be a fair one.
does not lose kinetic energy as
quickly as ball H.

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 PSLE Yearly Science - Answers

Explanation: - In terms of forces, as the balloon

- A period of 15 minutes was long pushed its air out backward,
enough for the temperature of the air at the same time pushed
the air in the box to lower the balloon forward. So, the
down to 25°C. If Haziq did not balloon moved forward.
do so, the starting temperature - When the rocket moved to
of bulb S or bulb T would not higher positions, kinetic energy
be 25°C, and thus the initial was converted into potential
condition of the experiments energy. It reached its highest
would not be the same. point only when all the kinetic
(c) Bulb R. The temperature increase energy was converted into
caused by bulb R was the smallest potential energy and other
(5°C) among the three bulbs. types of energy such as heat.
Therefore, the least energy was - This question is answered in
needed for the air conditioner to terms of energy. A deeper
lower the temperature. knowledge of science might
Explanation: be needed to answer in terms
- Less energy was needed by of forces.
the air conditioner if less heat (b) Air does not have a definite
was produced by the bulb. A shape. When air escapes from
lower temperature increase the balloon, the shape of the
is an indicator of less heat balloon changes all the time.
energy. Therefore, the forces acting on
the surface of the balloon by the
43. (a) Not all the kinetic energy surrounding air change direction
transferred from the balloon to correspondingly, causing an
the rocket was used up at G when irregular moving path of the
all the air was released from the balloon.
balloon. Thus, the rocket was Explanation:
still able to move from point G - Compare this to the casing
until all the kinetic energy was of the rocket that held on
converted into other types of to the balloon so that the
energy such as potential energy. balloon did not change shape
Explanation: as air is pushed out. The rocket
- The inflated balloon stored moved up instead of having an
potential energy. When air in irregular motion.
it was released, the potential - The balloon does not only
energy in the balloon was then experience forces from the air
converted to kinetic energy inside it, it also experiences
in the balloon and hence the irregular forces from the
rocket. surrounding air. These forces,
together with other factors
such as the irregular elasticity
of the balloon, cause the
balloon to change its shape
continuously. This results in
an irregular motion of the
/air
balloon.
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

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PSLE Yearly Science — Answers

44. (a) Metal. Metals are electrical (c) Change the springs to stiffer
conductors. This is so that a closed springs, which compress less for
electric circuit is formed when the a unit mass so that the contacts
metal contacts touch each other. are made only when the mass of
Explanation: the child is greater than 50 kg
—Based on the purpose of the instead of the 40-kg mark.
design, the bulb will light up if Explanation:
the mass of the child is greater — The original set-up A is designed
than the supporting forces to detect a child with a mass of
provided by the spring, forming 40 kg or more. If we assume
a closed circuit. Therefore, the that these springs compress by
contacts need to be electrical a distance x cm for 40 kg. To
conductors. increase the mark from 40 kg
(b) Set-up A is not safe as one spring to 50 kg, another spring that
may be compressed more than compresses by x cm for 50 kg
the other, tilting the platform so is used. This is a stiffer spring.
the child on it may fall.
Explanation:
—The information in the question distance
compressed
can be summarised in a table (cm)
as shown.
Mass of Engineer's
Set-up A x
child suggestion new
spring
Contacts are
Contacts are
Less than not made.
made.
40 kg Bulb does mass (kg)
Bulb lights up.
not light up. 40 50
Contacts are Contacts are not
More
made. made.
than
Bulb lights Bulb does not
40 kg
up. light up.
2015
—The engineer's suggestion is to Booklet A
redesign the set-up to make
it safer to stand on. One way 1. (3)
to do this is to use extension Explanation:
instead of compression of Digestion is the process whereby
springs. large food substances are broken
down by the digestive system into
smaller, simpler substances that can
Boy of mass less
than 40 kg be absorbed by the human body.
Decomposition is the process whereby
dead organisms are broken down by
spring contacts are decomposers such as bacteria and
already made fungi into simpler substances. Both
digestion and decomposition break
things down into simpler substances.

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