ELITTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BTECH
NAME : ARIJIT MANDAL
STREAM : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
YEAR : 3rd YR
SEMESTER : 5th SEM
ROLL NO. : 34600723011
Regn NO : 233460120170
PAPER NAME : HEAT TRANSFER
PAPER COAD : PC-ME 501
CA2 TOPIC : HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to the respected faculty members of
ELITTE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for their guidance and support in completing my
Project. I came to know about so many new things while doing this project. I am really
Thankful to them for giving me this opportunity to do this wonderful project. I would also like
To thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within limited
Time
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Heat transfer by convection
You must have observed that a hot glass of water will get cold at
some time. It happens as the heat gets lost to the environment.
Hence, we can say that heat transfer is the transferring of thermal
energy between two physical systems. In case of temperature
difference, the heat gets transferred from a hot system to a colder
one. However, there are three types of heat transfer- convection,
conduction, and radiation. In this blog, you will
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Introduction to Heat Transfer
convection
According to the Principle of heat transfer, the exact definition of
Convection is “The procedure of heat transfer with the motion of
molecules in fluids like liquids and gases. In the starting, the heat
transfer between fluid and object takes place via conduction.
However, bulk heat transfer occurs with the movement of fluid.”
Important points to remember
• Liquids and gases are bad conductors of heat in normal
situations. Although, they transfer heat with ease.
• The heat transfer in this method takes place via advection,
diffusion, or both.
• Convection does not occur in solids as there is no
movement of particles. In solids, the heat gets transferred
through diffusion, known as thermal conduction.
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The thermal expansion occurs on the heating of the fluid at the
lower level. Thus, the fluid below becomes less dense and the
hotter portion rises due to the process of buoyancy. The hot fluid
replaces denser and colder fluid. The process repeats itself when
that portion gets heated and rises. Therefore, it changes again by
the colder upper layer. In this way, heat transfers via convection.
The Kinds of Convection Heat
Mainly, there are two kinds of heat transfer convection that are
seen during the energy release.
These are:
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a) Forced Convection b) Natural convection.
Natural convection-The convection occurring due
to buoyant force with the distinction in densities caused by
the distinction in temperature is called natural convection.
The oceanic wind is an example of natural convection.
Forced convection-
The external systems like pumps and fans create
convection and is called forced convection. The geyser or
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water heater for heating of water and use of a fan in
summer are some examples of forced convection.
The link between the forced convection with Newton’s
law of cooling
P= dq/dt= hA (T-T0)
Where,
P= dq/dt is the rate at which heat gets transferred.
H is the coefficient of convection heat transfer
A is exposed surface area
T is immersed object temperature
T0 is the fluid temperature under convection
• Value of h is based on viscosity, density,
thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity
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Ideal Examples of Heat Transfer
Convection
The easiest and most common examples of natural
convection are land and sea breeze.
Sea breeze- It occurs in the day time. The sun heats
both land and sea. Moreover, the sea with greater heating
capacity absorbs more Sun energy but warms up slower
than the land surface. Hence, the temperature above land
increases and heats the air. Moreover, warm air expands as
it is less dense and creates low pressure over the land near
shore. The air pressure difference leads the air to flow from
sea to land. Finally, we refer to the sudden wind as a sea
breeze.
Land breeze- The process happens at night. The sea
and land get cool. Thus, the land loses heat rapidly than
water due to heat capacity difference. The sea temperature
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is higher that results in low air pressure. A cool breeze is
known as the land breeze.
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Question 1: What is the reason for the occurrence of Heat Transfer?
Answer 1: When heated particles move and replace the cooler particles,
the process of Heat transfer begins. Thus, the heated particles emit energy
that gradually transfers into the cooler particles through convection
current. Thus, it results in the heating of the particles. We refer to this as
Heat Transfer mechanism.
Question 2: What are the types of heat transfers?
Answer 2: The three types of heat transfer are:
1. Radiation
2. Conduction
3. Convection
Question 3: Why is Convection faster than Conduction?
Answer 3: Conduction is a static process where heat is transferred from
one medium to the other. However, in the case of Convection, the heat is
transferred via the motion of the air. As a result of the individual working
principle, convection is a faster way of heat transfer than conduction.
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Thank you
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