Noun

1)Noun forming suffixes

2)Simple, derivative, compound nouns
3)Countable and uncountable nouns
4)Singular and plural nouns
5)Possessive case of nouns.

1) Noun forming suffixes

_tion information
-er painter, teacher, driver, worker
_or actor, sailor, editor, conductor
_ ist journalist, tourist
---Ism tourism
__ dom freedom, kingdom
__ hood childhood
___ment government, development
_ ity activity generosity
__ness happiness, kindness
__ ship friendship relationship

Simple nouns---- sade isimler

Derivative--- duzeltme
Compound---- murekkeb
Uncountable nouns
Physics iron--- dəmir
Economics silver--- gümüş
Politics gold---- qızıl
Athletics wool--- yun
Optics wood--- taxta
Gymnastics music
Chess mail
Tennis money
News time
Progress honey
grass Flour--- un
glass rice
mathematics traffic
fruit
chocolate
information
furniture---- mebel
advice

sayılmayan isimlərlə miqdar bildirən

a piece of----- bir parça
a slice of------ bir dilim
a bar of------ bir plitka
a bottle of----- bir butulka
a cartoon of----- 1 karobka
a loaf of ---- bir bütöv çörək
a glass of --- 1 stəkan
a cup of --- 1 fincan
a kilo of
a liter of
500 grams of ....

Countable nouns
A year --- years
A plate – plates

Cəmdə kökdən dəyişən isimlər

A child- children
A man -- men
A woman—women
A foot - feet
A tooth - teeth
A goose – geese
A deer – deer
A sheep—sheep
A fish--- fish
A mouse --- mice
An ox -- oxen
A person --- people
Bu isimlər həmişə cəmdə
Cattle --- mal qara, sürü
Poultry ---- ev quşları
Police
Goods
Jeans

Plural nouns---- cəm isimlər

Singular nouns ---- tək isimlər

DİM İngilis dili test toplusu 1-ci hissə (2019 ) - Computer Science - Studocu

[Link]
university/computer-science/dim-ingilis-dili-test-
toplusu-1-ci-hisse-2019/36081742

possessive case of nouns ‘s

a girl’s name
an elephant’s tail
my mom’s job is teaching.
My friend’s birthday is on the May 6

İs has has got

Helen’s going out tonight. Helen is going out
tonight
Helen’s got a cat. Helen has got a cat
Helen’s finished her homework. Helen has finished

‘s
A boy’s dog
Boys’ dogs
The Aliyevs’ house
The Huseynlis’ house
Mr. Bean’s car
Mr. Aliyev’s signature

People’s rights
Children’s room
Men’s clothes
Women’s WC
Sheep’s wool
Deer’s tracks
Mice’s food

Ali and Nigar’s mom is a doctor.

Ali’s and Nigar’s moms are doctors

Ann’s and Tom’s hands are dirty

Policemen’s cars

A student’s book students’ book

A child’s interest
Children’s interests

quantifiers
uncountable nouns
much
little------ az
a little------ bir az
some
a lot of
plenty of

countable
a few----- bir neçə
few---- az
many
several
a number of
a lot of
some
plenty of
all

only a little ya da only a few

 the article
1) the Azerbaijan Republic
The United Kingdom
The Russian Federation

2) The Caspian sea

The pasific Ocean
Lake Baikal
The Baikal
The Kur
The Volga

3)The Moon, the Sun, The Earth

İn the world,, the internet, the Zoo

4)The North The South The East, The west

5)0f la işlənən birləşmələrdə
The University of Michigan

6)Milliyet bildiren sozlerle

The English --- ingilislər
English--- ingilis dili

The Russian---- ruslar

Russian--- rus dili
 Japanese-- yapon dili
The Japanese---- yaponlar

7)The English language

The Turkish language

8)Sifetin ustunluk derecesinde

The best, the biggest, the most dangerous

9)Sira saylari ile

The first
The second, The 12th of October İ am in the
eleventh grade

10) Last, next sözləri zaman bildirəndə qarşısında

the işlənmir
Last year next month last week

11) The Aliyevs The Browns

12) By neqliyyat növlərinin qarşısında işləndikdə
the işlənməz
By bus by plane by train by taxi
... a car in a car by car

13) The poor --- kasıblar

 The rich the young – gənclər the old –
qocalar

The disabled- əlillər

14) Xüsusi isimlərin sonunda cəm şəkilçisi s varsa,

qarşısında the işlət
The Caucasus The Canaries The Himalays
The Nitherlands
15) Musiqi aletlerinin adiyla
To play the guitar amma to play football.

Personal pronouns
I ---- men
You--- sen
He--- o
She----o
İt----o
We-----biz
They---- onlar

Feillerden sonra şəxs əvəzliyinin obyekt hali işlənir.

Give me , tell me, show me , ask me, help me
Help you, give you, show you, invite you
Tell him, show him, give him, call him
Ask her, tell her, show her, believe her
Look at it, help it, feed it
Help us, save us, believe us, tell us
Help them, tell them, call them

Possessive pronoun---- dan sonra isim gelir

My name
Your name
Her name
His name
Its name
Our names
Their names
Əgər boşluqdan sonra isim gəlməzsə yiyəlik əvəzliyinin
müstəqil formaları işlənir.
This is your book. That is mine.,,,………
This is my pen. Where is yours?
His room. This is his.
His dog is small. Hers is big.
Our family is big. This problem is ours.
Our flat is in Baku, theirs is in Sumgait.

Reflexive pronouns
I do my hair myself.
Tom, do your homework Yourself!
He makes tea Himself
She does shopping Herself
My kettle turns off Itself
We decorate our room Ourselves
You should write this yourselves
They made breakfast themselves

Demonstrative pronouns
This - bu these--- bunlar
That--- o those ---- onlar (over there)

These / those Shirts are new

This/that shirt is old
This / that street is ours.
These / those streets are theirs.

Indefinite pronouns
Both
All + plural
Some
Most

Every + noun
Each + singular
Each of

Some + noun in narrative sentences

Somebody
Someone
Something
Somewhere
Any +noun
Anybody
Anyone + questions, negative sentences
Anything

We have some sugar

Do we have any sugar?
We don’t have any sugar

We have something
Do we have anything?
We don’t have anything

No+ noun
Nobody
No one
Nothing

I have nothing in my mouth.

Other --- + uncountable noun (other time )
+ countable (other children)
Others ---- no noun is required
Another + countable singular noun
Another day another pen another bus

The other ---- I have 5 friends. 4 of them live in

Sumgait. The other lives in Baku.
On the other bank of the river. On the other hand.
On the other side of the street.

The others ---- I have 5 friends. 3 of them live in Guba,

the others live in Sheki.

Adjectives
---ous dangerous, famous,
--- able comfortable
----less homeless
-----ive---- active
----ful -- beautiful, wonderful
----y ---- sunny, windy, rainy
----ly---- friendly, lovely

Degrees of Adjectives
Positive degree
As …. As as big as, as tall as
Not as short as not so big as

Comparative degree
Much Hotter than
Colder than
Older than
Happier than
Much More interesting than
More challenging than
More comfortable than
easier than
much longer than
more beautiful than
good --- better than
today he feels better than yesterday.
Bad----- worse than
His marks are worse than it was last year.
Little --- less than
I spend less time playing games than my brother.
Much/many ---- more than
Dad has more money than uncle
We need more vegetables.

Superlative degree
The easiest in the world, in the country,
The busiest in the family / I have ever …
The shortest of all // among
The coldest

The most delicious

The most unusual
The most friendly
Good ---- the best
Bad ------ the worst
Little--- the least
Much/many ---- most
Adverb
Quick---- quickly
Slow --- slowly
Beautiful--- beautifully

Fast, hard hem sifet, hem zerf kimi deyishmez qalir.

Hard work pays --- zehmet behresini verir
He tries hard. --- o chox chalishir

Good a good story a good mark

Well Ali speaks German well
Mom cooks pizza well.

Bad a bad day bad weather

Badly the kid behaves badly
They understand Azerbaijani badly.

As quickly as
More quickly than
Most quickly of all
As well as
Better than
Best of all he paints best of all

As badly as Nigar dances as badly as Aygun.

Nigar dances worse than Aygun.
Nigar dances worst of all.

Smell
Taste
Feel + sifet
Look
To be (am, is, are, was, were)

I feel happy /sad/good/bad

Plov tastes good/bad/delicious
Roses smell good/beautiful
Mom looks beautiful/pretty/good/tired
She is sad/happy/beautiful/good/kind
So do I Neither do I
1)Positive (so) sentence or negative(neither)?
2)Tense form
3)Auxiliary verbs (do,does,did,to be, can, must,
should)
4)subject
She is 17.
So am I So is my brother So are they
She was 17.
So was I So was my brother So were they

They live in Sumgait.

So do I So does my friend So do they.

They lived in Guba.

So did I So did Ali So did they
I lived in Guba too.
But, I didn’t.

Birds don’t eat meat

Neither do cows. Inkar. Təsdiq
Cows don’t eat meat either. Either = too
But, bears do.

Sarah isn’t happy.

Neither is Tom Tom isn’t happy either
But, Tom is

We don’t like fast food.

Neither do our children
Our children don’t like fast food either.
But, our children do

My sister paints well

So does my brother
My brother paints well too
But, my brother doesn’t
Present simple
Always
Often
Usually
Every day/year/week/month
Sometimes
The Earth goes around the Sun
Does the Earth go around the Sun?
After spring comes summer
Does summer come after spring?
We usually spend summer in Novkhani
do we spend summer in Novkhani?

If, when, as soon as, until, before, after

Will yazma
When Ben enters the room, he will see your
gift.
Past simple
Yesterday
Last year/week/month/ summer
In 2022 in 1986
In my childhood
Ago

Regular verbs
Worked looked closed returned
worried

Irregular verbs
See-saw come-came do-did have-had

They bought a new boat last year.

Did they buy a new boat last year?
They didn’t buy a boat
She is 7 she was 7
Is she 7? Was she 7?
She isn’t 7. She wasn’t 7

Future simple
I will come
I will not come won’t = will not
Present perfect
Already-- artıq
Just- indicə
Ever—nə vaxtsa
Never -heç vaxt have/has + V3
Since --bəri have been
For --- ərzində have gone
Recently—bu yaxınarda
Lately--- bu yaxınlarda
this week/year/month
yet --- hele de
we have written simple tenses.
We have been in Lenkeran
Mom has gone to work
I have cut my finger
I have not finished yet. I haven’t finished yet
I haven’t decided yet

past perfect
already
since
by the time // before
when

I had gone to bed before mom came home.

The film had already started by the time we
arrived to the cinema.
Present perfect continuous
Have been/has been + Ving
We have been having English for an hour.
Since ////// for

Modal verbs
…. To -suz işlənir
Must
Should
Can-
Could
May
might
Need
… to ile ishlenir
Ought to
Have to/has to/ had to/ will have to
We have to read this.
Do we have to read this?
We don’t have to read this

They had to stay at home

Did they have to stay at home?
They didn’t have to stay at home.

To be able to bacarmaq, bilmek

He is able to speak to you.

He was able to speak to us
He will be able to come.

Is he able to come early?

Was she able to get up early?
Will she be able to help us?

Present continuous
Now, at the moment, look! Listen
Am, is, are + Ving
Rahim is having English now.
Rasul is playing games now
What are you doing?
--- I am learning vocabulary.

Past continuous
When, while, at this time yesterday,
at 5 o’clock yesterday

was/were + Ving
I was doing tests when mum came home.
I broke a cup when I was washing dishes.
My brother was playing while I was doing
tests.

Present perfect
Have/has + V3
I have already finished (artiq)
I have just finished (indice)
I have never been abroad
Have you ever been to Shusha?
Have you ever tasted Indian food?
Have you ever seen this film?
I have lived in this flat since September. (beri)
I have lived in this flat for 2 month
(muddetinde)

Past perfect
By, before
Had gone, had finished, had bought …
I had finished tests, by the time dad came
home.

COMPLEX OBJECT
Ing/ to- suz To –ile Let ve make
mesder mesder To-suz mesder
see expect
watch ask
hear Would like
notice want
observe advise
feel tell
allow

Mom saw her son do/doing his homework

I heard him enter/entering the room
Dad watched the cats play/playing
mom lets me go out with friends
the teacher made us read aloud
mubteda+ xeber+ ya şəxs əvəzliyinin obyekt
hali və ya isim + mesder
Mom wants me to be a doctor
They asked me to fill the blank.
They saw me fill/ filling the blank
They let me fill the blank
They made me fill the blank

Have something done

I have my car washed
I have my hair cut
I have my tooth pulled
Dad had the roof fixed

Get something done

Passive causative
Have something done
Get something done
I have my car washed/ I get my car washed
I have my tooth pulled / I get my tooth pulled
Mom has her hair cut / mom get her hair cut
Dad had the roof fixed / dad got the roof fixed

Gerund (isimləşmiş feil sonu –ing lə bitir)

Söz önündən sonrakı boşluğa sonu –ing –lə
bitən feil yaz.
Mübtəda rolunda cümlənin əvvəlində feil
sonu –ing lə bitəni seç
Suggest
Enjoy + feil +ing
Mind
object

Participle 1
When, while
When I was walking, I met my old friend.
When walking I met my old friend.

Participle 2
This book was written by Shakespare.
The book written by Shakespare is on sale.
By -dan əvvəl feili 3cü formada yaz

İnterrogative sentences
She buys pizza from Papa Johns.
Does she buy pizza from Papa Johns?

She bought pizza

Did she buy pizza?

We buy pizza Do we buy pizza?

Word order in questions
Question words + auxilary verbs + subject +
object

Where did you see him?

Why were they late?
Where can I sit?
NOOOOOOOOOOOO
Who broke my cup?
Who did you go to the cinema with?
Who went to the cinema?

Disjunctive questions
They have breakfast at 7, don’t they?
She has shower at weekends, doesn’t she?
I have tea or coffee after dinner, don’t I?

We have decided to spend holidays in

Lankaran, haven’t we?