History by Satya Prakash

Freedom Topic

Struggle Extremist 4.

Some Important Points

1. The Philosophy and Policy of Moderate and Extremist
• Moderate wanted to obtain self-government by following moderate way which was also called
6Ps Strategy in which they used pen, poster, placard, petition, public meeting, and
prayers. They sent many delegations.
• On the other hand during the early phase of Indian freedom movement, extremist wanted to obtain
self-government by aggressive means in which they adopted ‘use of Swadeshi and Boycott of
foreign clothes. The Congress policy of pray and petition ultimately came to an end under the
guidance of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• Extremist leaders such as Tilak, Lalaji believed that only European model could end European
imperialism in which they advocated ‘Tit for tat policy’.
• They called moderate policy of pray and petition as begging policy.
•
2. The Muslim League and Extremist
• The Indian Muslims, in general were not attracted to the extremist movement because the policy of
the Extremist policy of harping on Hindu past.
• At many places extremist leader emphasized Hindu religion.
• The principal sources of Hindu revolutionary ideology is Manusmriti and the writings of leading
figures such as Shri Aurobindo Ghose, Veer Savarkar, Guruji Golwalkar and, in
particular, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856-1920) who is regarded as the Father of
India’s Revolution of extremists.
3. Tilak
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a communalist. He was Nationalist and great supporter of Extremist
ideology.
• He used religion as political weapon.
• He popularized Ganesh Chaturthi as a national festival 'to bridge the gap between the
Brahmins and the non-Brahmins.
• ' In 1893, Tilak organised Ganesh Utsav as a social and religious function.
• Tila1k took part in Swadeshi and Boycott movement along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin
Chandra Pal.
• In 1908, he was given 6 years rigorous punishment and deported to Burma and kept in
Mandalay Prison.
• The cause of his punishment was the publication of some seditious articles in his weekly papers
‘The Kesari’. He was charged with sedition.
• Tilak was called the father of Indian Unrest by Valentine Chirol for his anti-British activities.
• Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol (28 May 1852 – 22 October 1929) was a British journalist, prolific
author, historian and diplomat. He was a passionate imperialist and believed that Imperial

History by Satya Prakash Sir (ph. 99990292001)

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History by Satya Prakash

Germany and Muslim unrest were the biggest threats to the British Empire because they wanted to
get back their rights.

Valentine Chirol

Ganesh Utsav by Tilak

4. Aurobindo Ghosh was an extremist leader of Congress.

• He was sent to London to get education. He did his schooling from King's College, Cambridge.
And also, he had learned various foreign languages like Greek, French, Italian German, Latin, and
Spanish. In 1892, he came back to India.
• He passed the Indian Civil Service examination. But he doesn't want to work for the British
Government so, he did not join. But in 1893, he accepted an appointment in the Baroda state
service. He worked for 13 years and rose to the post of principal of the Baroda State College. He
learned Sanskrit; read the Vedas, the Upanishads, epics, Marathi, Gujarati, and his native language
Bengali.
• During the Partition of Bengal (1905-1912), he led the group of nationalists. Later, he became
the editor of a nationalist Bengal newspaper named Vande Mataram. He was also imprisoned
in 1908 and two years later, he fled British India and found a refuge in the French Colony of
Pondicherry (Puducherry). Here he devoted himself for the rest of his life to the development of
"integral yoga".
• Aurobindo Ghosh was one the main extremist leaders who supported ‘Swadeshi and Boycott
Movement’.

Mazzini Garibaldi Dada Bahi Naoroji Swami Vivekanada

5. Mazzini
➢ The political guru of Lala Lajpat Rai was Mazzini of Italy.
➢ Giuseppe Mazzini, (born June 22, 1805, Genoa [Italy]—died March 10, 1872, Pisa,
Italy), Genoese propagandist and revolutionary.
➢ At the age of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in
Liguria.

History by Satya Prakash Sir (ph. 99990292001)

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History by Satya Prakash

➢ He founded the secret revolutionary society Young Italy (1832), in Marseilles and a
champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento.
➢ Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural unit of mankind.
6. Garibaldi
➢ He was a military man of Italy and a great supporter of unification of Italy.
➢ Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini, and embraced the republican
nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification
under a democratic Republican government.
7. Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917)
➢ He was an Indian political leader and one of the founders of the Indian National Congress.
➢ Naoroji moved to Britain once again and continued his political involvement. Elected for
the Liberal Party in Finsbury Central at the 1892 general election, he was the first British
Indian MP.
➢ He is also known as the "Grand Old man of India’’.
➢ The Works of Dadabhai-
1. Rast Goftar ("The Truth Teller") was an Anglo-Gujarati paper operating in
Bombay that was started in 1854 by Dadabhai Naoroji and Kharshedji Cama.
2. Poverty of India- A Paper Read Before the Bombay Branch of the East India
Association, Bombay, Ranima Union Press, (1876)
3. Poverty and Un-British Rule in India- 1902
4. In his above books and various paper, he expressed his views on drain of Indian's
wealth
8. Vivekanand
➢ He was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic
Ramakrishna.
9. Lala Lajpat Rai is called ‘Sher-e-Punjab’ as hailed from Punjab. He was also called ‘Punjab
Kesari’. He was the main leader of Punjab who made ‘Swadeshi and Boycott’ movement successful in
Punjab.

History by Satya Prakash Sir (ph. 99990292001)

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