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Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Basic Health and Safety Facilities (A

Report of Textile Industry Gujrat, Pakistan) (2014)

Technical Report · August 2015

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1043.1206

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 Risk Assessment and Evaluation

of

Basic Health and Safety Facilities

(A Report of Textile Industry Gujrat, Pakistan) (2014)

Author 1: Faisal Hanana,1

Affiliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan

1
Corresponding author: Faisal Hanan
Address: Village Ruken Pur, p/o Ali pur Chattha, Dist Gujranwala, Pakistan
Phone: +923337517229
Corresponding author Email: Faisalhananbhatti@gmail.com

Author 2: Amir Azada

Affiliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Email: 10020661-063@uog.edu.pk

Author 3: Sabiha Javied

Affiliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Email: skhurram@uog.edu.pk

Author 4: Saira Munawara

Affiliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Email: Saira.munawar@uog.edu.pk

Author 5: Ayesha Saddiquaa

Affliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Email: Ayesha.saddiqua@uog.edu.pk

Author6: Khoula Sikandara

Affiliation: aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Email: khoula.sikandar@uog.edu.pk

PUBLISHED BY: SAFETY VIEW MAGAZINE

Page i
 ABSTRACT
Hazard identification is fundamental to industrial safety management; unidentified hazards present the

most unmanageable risk. This study presents the risk assessment and evaluation of welfare facilities

available in textile industry. According the walk through survey and also conduct interviews and to

identify hazards, evaluating risk, give management plan of such hazards and assigning responsibilities for

proper implementation. The main hazards were physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, psychosocial,

and electrical hazards arising from industrial activities. Furthermore questioners related to welfare

facilities were filled which shown first aid, training of employees, fresh water and food, personal

protective equipments, fire extinguisher, toilets and washing facilities, 78%, 79%, 75%, 67%, 72% and

81% respondents satisfaction respectively.The study was finally concluded with fruitful suggestions that

will beneficial to encourage researcher and competitive authority to work toward further betterment and

contribute to manage safety system.

Key words: Hazard; Risk assessment; welfare facilities.

Page ii
 INTRODUCTION, THEORATICAL MODEL,

OBJECTIVE & SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.1 Introduction

The field of risk assessment is faced with difficulty in defining and supportive on principles. Risks are

dealt with another way across different countries, industries, sector and fields.

Definitions, terms and interpretations are as varied as the number of sources providing them. There are no

agreed cohesive definitions of risk, risk assessment, analysis and management.

There are often misconceptions. Different terms, for example “risk assessment” and “risk analysis”, are

often used interchangeably (Lingard and Rowlinson, 2005).

1.1.1 Health

Health is the common condition of a person in mind, spirit and body, typically meaning to be free from

illness, injury or pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) define health in its broader common sense

in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, social and mental well - being and not merely the absence of

infirmity or disease” (WHO, 2006). In this study health means being free from illness, pain or injury,

which can be caused by industrial activities.

1.1.2 Safety

Safety is related to external threats, and the perception of being sheltered from threats. According to the

business dictionary definition, safety that is defined as a relative freedom from danger, injury, threat, or

risk of harm or loss of personnel and/or property, whether it caused deliberately or by any accidents.

Safety can also be defined as the control of hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. In this study,

safety means freedom from danger, harm, and injury to the person involved in industrial activities.

1.1.3 Hazards

A hazard is somewhat that have potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard is often related with a

condition or activity that, if left uninhibited, can result in an injury or illness. HSE (2004) define hazard

as any source of possible damage, harm or negative health effects on something or someone under certain

Page 1
conditions at work. Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects

or to organizations as loss of equipment or property). In this study hazard mean anything which has the

potential to cause harm to people on industrial sites.

1.1.4 Risk

Risk has been traditionally defined as a measure of the probability and severity of undesirable effects

(Haimes, 2009).Valsamakis et al (2004) define risk as a variation in actual product from the expected

one, which implies the existence of uncertainty. The general concept of all the definitions of risk provides

that risk is a danger of unwanted and unfortunate events.

1.1.5 Accident and Injury

The terms accident and injury refer to separate phenomena, mutually consistent as cause and effect

(exposure and outcome) (Andersson, 1999). The terms „accident‟ and „injury‟ are hereby used in

accordance with the definition adopted at the first World Conference on Accident and Injury Prevention

(WHO, 1989); that is, an accident is an unintentional event which results or could result in an injury,

whereas injury is a collective term for health outcomes from traumatic events (Andersson, 1999). Rejda

(1992) defined an accident as a "sudden, unforeseen and unintentional" event, which may result in

physical harm to a person and/or damage to a property. The use of the term „accident‟ in this thesis is

based on an event which cause physical harm or damage to the body resulting from an exchange, usually

acute, of mechanical, chemical,

Thermal, or other environmental energy that exceeds the body's tolerance. An event which has the

potential to damage property is not considered in this study.

1.1.6 Risk Assessment

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), (1998) defined risk assessment as a process that identifies the

hazards associated with particular activities/tasks, evaluates the effects of exposure to these hazards and

implements the measure needed to control the risk of injury/ill health to as low a level as possible. In

addition, risk assessment has been defined as a structured process that identifies both the likelihood, and

extent, of adverse consequences arising from a given activity, facility or system (Kaplan and Garrick,

1981; Gillett, 1998).

Page 2
The assessment of risks informs risk control decisions, the implementation of which is monitored and

reviewed to ensure that risk is controlled and remains within tolerable limits (Lingard and Rowlinson,

2005). Assessing risks allows someone to prioritize the action to be taken to control them . In other

words, risk assessment is about deciding who might be harmed and then judging how likely it is

something goes wrong, and how serious the consequences could be (Mondarres et al, 1999).

1.1.7 Risk Communication

Th risk communication refers to a social process by which people become informed about hazards, are

influenced to change their behaviour and are enabled to participate in decision-making about risk issues

(Bohrnmann, 2000).

This definition was elaborate by (Caccia, 2009) as an interactive process of exchange of information and

opinions among individuals, groups and institutions, often involving multiple messages about the nature

of risk or expressing concern, opinions or reactions to risk messages or to the legal and institutional

arrangements for risk management.

HSE (2010) defined it as an open two- way exchange of information and opinion about risk, leading to a

better understanding and better decisions. Morrow(2009) comments that risk communication deals with

actual risks, the perception people have of them and their thoughts and comments. Hampel (2006)

contend that risk communication requires a common set of signs and symbols, common moral

understanding, experiences and values.

1.1.8 Risk Control

Risk control is a technique that utilizes findings from risk assessments (identifying potential risk factors

in a firm‟s operations, such as technical and non-technical aspects of the business, financial policies, and

other policies that may impact the well-being of the firm), and implementing changes to reduce risk in

these areas (Lingard and Rowlinson, 2005).

1.1.9 Risk management

Risk management is an integral component of good management and decision-making at all levels. In

construction having a perception of risk management is an integral part of construction management.

Rejda (1992) defines risk management as “executive decisions concerning the management of pure risks,
Page 3
made through systematic identification and analysis of loss exposures and the search for the best methods

for handling them”. Barnard (2005) defines risk

management as the identification and evaluation of actual and potential risk areas as they pertain to the

company as a total entity, followed by a process of either termination, transfer, acceptance (tolerance) or

mitigation of each risk.HSE (2010) Considered risk consultation and communication as the part of risk

management.

1.1.10 Risk Management System

There are no fixed rules about how occupational health and safety risk assessment, communication and

control should occur. However, there are some general principles that should be followed. Several

researchers have developed risk assessment methodologies to suit their requirements (HSE, 2004;

Lingard and Rowlinson, 2005; Huges and Ferret, 2011). However, regardless of the differences in

approaches or industries, most of the risk assessment methodologies are similar in terms of basic

principles and contain the key components described in Figure 1.1 that include work analysis, hazard

identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. Some risk assessment methodologies include risk

control as part of risk assessment, but this study considers that risk control is a separate part from risk

assessment. The complexity of risk assessment, risk communication and risk control depends to a major

extent on factors such as the size of the organization, the workplace situations within the organization,

and the nature, complexity, and significance of the risks to which the organization is exposed

(Rwamamara, 2007). However it has been argued that, it is critical that risk should be assessed at every

stage in the life of a construction project, and that the input of key stakeholders and project participants is

sought (HSE, 2004; Lingard and Rowlinson, 2005). Rwamamara (2007) commented that an effective risk

management process should be manage by a cross-disciplinary team, and be supported by free and untie

communication and discussion between the project stakeholders.

1.2 Theoretical Frame work

The theoretical framework for the present research that is exploring the relationship between risk

assessment and risk control as shown in Figure 1.1. There are several theories that support these two

Page 4
concepts. But on the basis of this theory and researches the logical preposition to formulating the risk

assessment.

Figure1. 1: Health and safety risk assessment, control and communication

Source: adopted and modified from the Australian and New Zealand Standards Management (2004)

Figure 1.1 presents risk management system focusing on risk assessment, risk communication and risk

control in industry. Figure 1.1 presents the four stages of risk assessment, which are establishing the

context, identifying the risk, estimating the risk, evaluating the risk and controlling/responding to the

risk. Assessing risk is a step-wise process consisting of interrelated but distinct phases. Thus the context

must be established first before the hazard is identified. The same is true for estimation of the risk stage,

in that it cannot start until finishing identification of the hazard stage. Figure 1.1 also indicates that risk

assessment, risk communication and risk control is not a linear process that is undertaken once. It is

cyclical in nature where at each stage there is communication, monitoring and a review of the process.

The cyclical nature is particularly important in the constantly changing industrial environment, in which

new or emergent risks must often be assessed, and the changing industrial environment in which new or

emergent risks must often be assessed and controlled.

1.3 Health, Safety and Environmental Regulations in Pakistan:

Page 5
Followings are various Health, Safety and Environmental regulations in practice at Pakistan.

 Factories Act 1934

 The Hazardous Occupations Rules, 1963

 Workmen Compensation Act, 1923

 West Pakistan Shops and Establishments ordinance, 1969

 Mines act, 1923

 Boilers and Pressure Vessels ordinance, 2002

 The Fatal Accidents Act, 1855

 Dock Laborers Act, 1934

 Provincial Employees Social Security Ordinance, 1965

 Punjab Factories Rules, 1978

1.4 Objectives of the study:

 To identify risks and hazards associated with each process of textile industry Gujrat.

 To evaluate the basic welfare facilities of textile industry Gujrat.

 To develop management plans for identified hazards and risks at textile industry Gujrat.

 To give suggestions and recommendations to improve occupational health and safety and

environmental conditions, that will benefit the workers, organization and also general public

health.

Page 6
1.5 Significant of Study:

This paper looks in brief at the identifying hazard from department, characterization of hazards,

management plan of each hazard by assigning responsibilities and also evaluate existing basic welfare

facilities of textile industry. This study may help in the formulation of risk register of health safety and

environment for industrial sector. It could also be useful to researchers, students and persons interested

in this sector. Through caring out this research researcher will be able to give many recommendations for

future studies of safety characteristics to other researchers working in this field. The research also

presents and summarizes a relatively large amount of literature on the subject. This study will also be a

practical implementation of the knowledge which researcher gained through the academic studies at the

university. It may also be a part of the university library and helpful in the future researches.

Page 7
 2: OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY/ORGANIZTION

2.1 Introduction:

Textile Industries is located in Gujrat, Pakistan. It is spinning Mill. It is producing pure white cotton

yarn. According to this need they switch to polyester cotton otherwise use just cotton. This company is

certified from ISO 9001. It is also following "Factories act 1934" and National Environmental Standards

(NEQ‟s).

2.2 Mission:

Its Mission to get improvement on daily basis. To improved favorable environment and expand business.

To provide quality products to customers and explore new markets to promote/expand sales of the

company through good governance and promote a sound and dynamic team, so as to achieve optimal

prices of products of the company for sustainable, fair growth and prosperity of the company.

Page 8
 2.3 Flow Chart of industry

Mixing Processing Cleaning

Raw Cotton Blow Carding

Material Storage Room

Drawing
Breaker

Simple Drawin
x g
Drawing
Finisher

Ring Auto Conditioning

Processing Cone\windin
g

Sale Ware House Packing

Figure 2 . 1: Flow Chart

Page 9
2.5 Nature of Industry:

It produces pure white yarn from cotton.

It produces from the following steps.

2.5.1 Storage Room:

Cotton bales are store in this room and they check the moisture from cotton bales.

Figure 2 . 2: Storage Room

2.5.2 Pucker:

Cotton bales put in the puckers. These bales mixed in puckers. In this waste is dropping and production

are laps.

Figure 2 . 3: Pucker (a)

Page 10
 Figure 2 . 4: Pucker (b)

2.5.3 Carding:

In carding the waste are of two categories.

1. Upper fly ash

2. Down lackrine

In this the production is sliver.

Figure 2 . 5: Carding

Page 11
2.5.4 Drawing:

In it variations are settled and waste is short fiber and production is again sliver.

Two processes of drawing.

1. Drawing breaker

2. Drawing finisher (It fines the sliver)

Figure 2 . 6: Drawing breaker (a) Figure 2 . 7 : Drawing breaker (b)

Figure 2 . 8: Drawing breaker (c) Figure 2 . 9 : Drawing breaker (d)

2.5.5 Simplex:Waste of simplex is short fiber and production is roving. Sliver canes are attached in the
roving and this will go to ring spinning. Phemiphil is the waste but it can be used again it can be sale.

Figure 2 . 10 : Simplex (a) Figure 2 . 11 : Simplex (b)

Page 12
 Figure 2 . 12: Simplex (c)

2.5.6 Auto Cone

In this hard waste is produced and this waste is sale to Jhelum in open mills and in these mills socks and

towels are made.

Figure 2 . 13: Auto Cone (a) Figure 2 . 14: Auto Cone (b)

Figure 2 . 15: Auto Cone (c)

Page 13
2.5.7 Conditioning:

Conditioning is done and gets moisture for weight and strength.

Figure 2 . 16: Conditioning

2.5.8 Warehouse:

In warehouse auto cones are packed in plastic bags and supplied to other mills.

Figure 2 . 17: Warehouse

Page 14
 2.6 Organizational Hierarchy Chart:

Managing Director

Executive Director

Administration Technical Manager Power Plant Manager

Administration Manager Technical Staff Power Plant Staff

Excise Mill Accounts Security Time

Foreman
Cotton Store Office

Office

Workers

Figure 2 . 18: Organizational Hierarchy

Page 15
 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Research Design

The complete descriptive study was started in the textile Industry Gujrat with an emphasis on risk

assessment and availability of basic welfare facilities related to health and safety of employees.

3.2 Primary Data

The Primary data was collected through walkthrough survey/observation and checklist. Random

sampling related to workers and management of the industry. The sample was taken from the employees.

The 100 numbers of workers randomly selected from the industry. The checklist was developed from

factories act 1934, chapter 3. This checklist filled by the workers by providing them basic information.

3.3 Secondary Data

The secondary data was collected from different research papers, magazines, books and newspapers

published or unpublished. The secondary data was established principally on desk analysis of literature

available on the Internet. This study also collected some secondary data from national and regional OHS

reports and government gazettes. These literatures were searched using series of keywords relevant to

this study.

3.4 Tools of Data Collection

The questionnaire and observation was used for the collection of data. The data was taken from the

employees, by using semi-structured interview.

Page 16
3.5 Survey Population

The study was taken from the textile Industry Gujrat. The employees who involved in the

processing/production of textile Industry Gujrat should be considered as focus population.

Figure 3. 1: Location of textile industry Gujrat, Pakistan understudy

3.6 Elements of Study

It is the unit of the analysis for the collection of data on which researcher focus. Sampling unit of the

study are employees, which spent most of its time in the industry.

3.7 Techniques of Data collection

For the collection of the data, well-designed questionnaire was used. Survey research method used as a

collection of data. Other method of observation could not provide the satisfaction. So the

survey/observation method was best for the collection of data.

Page 17
 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This report is based on risk assessment and availability of welfare facilities related to occupational health

and safety of employees of textile Industry, this report covers tall the departments of the industry.

Working situation of the workplace, health and safety of workers, forms of pollution caused by particular

department, chemical usage and handling, has observed during this study. Results based on

observation/survey and checklist.

4.1 Scope:

Risk assessment applies within the premises of textile industry Gujrat, Pakistan.

Unit Activity Risk Hazard Exposur Actions for Management

Area e Management Responsibilities

Unloading Hand Psychosocial M Provide proper Health and

of Cotton Fatigue, Hazard unloading Safety Dept.

Bales Backbone Machines, Gloves

Raw ache,

material
Dust, Inhalation Bacteria, Fungi, H Mask Health and
Storage
Pesticides. Problem, Eye Pesticides Safety Dept.

Fungus, Irritation, (Biological

Bacteria Lung Hazard)

Problems

Producti 1.Blow Minor Cuts Steel Wire L Gloves Health and

on Line Room Safety Dept.

(Mechanical

Page 18
Steel Wire Hazard)

Opening

Mixing Inhalation Dust and Fibers H Mask Health and

Problems, Safety Dept.

(Physical Hazard)
Eyes

Irritation and

Lung

Diseases

Cleaning Inhalation Dust and Fibers H Mask, Goggles Health and

Problems, (Physical Hazard) Safety Dept.

Eyes

Irritation and

Lung

Diseases

Laps Inhalation Fly Waste Mask, Goggles Health and

Formation Problems, Safety Dept.

(Physical Hazard) H
Eyes

Irritation and

Lung

Diseases

2. Carding Inhalation Lackarine, Cotton H Mask, Goggles Health and

Sliver Problems, Fibers Safety Dept.

Eyes
(Physical Hazard)
Irritation and

Page 19
 Lung

Diseases

3. Inhalation Cotton Fibers H Mask, Goggles Health and

Drawing Problems, Safety Dept.

(Physical Hazard)
Eyes

Irritation and

Lung

Diseases

4. Simplex Inhalation Cotton Fibers H Mask, Goggles Health and

Problems, Safety Dept.

(Physical Hazard)
Eyes

Irritation and

Lung

Diseases

5. Ring Hearing High Temperature H Exhaust, Engineering

Loss, and Noise Artificial Dept.

Headache (Physical Hazard) Humidification,

Health and
and Increase Insulator Pads,
Safety Dept.
Humidity Green Paint,

Sound Barrier,

Ear Plugs

6. Auto Hearing High Temperature H Exhaust, Engineering

Cone Loss, and Noise Artificial Dept.

Page 20
 Headache (Physical Hazard) Humidification, Health and

and Increase Insulator Pads, Safety Dept.

Humidity Green Paint,

Sound Barrier,

Ear Plugs

7. Minor High Humidity L Action not Engineering

Conditioni Suffocation necessary Dept.

(Physical Hazard)
ng
Health and

Safety Dept.

8. Packing Air pollution, Solid Waste L Proper Disposal Engineering

Land Dept. Health

(Chemical
Pollution and Safety Dept.
Hazard)

Ware Storage Accidental Accident L Proper Storage Quality Control

House fall off

(Physical Hazard)

Supply Final Accidental Accident L Safe Driving Supply Chain

Branch Product fall off Dept.

(Physical Hazard) Define Speed

Transporta Limit, Ban

tion overloading

Energy Electricity Fire Short Circuit L Check Wiring Technical Dept.

and Periodically and

(Electrical
Power use circuit
Hazard)
Generati Breakers

Page 21
on Gas Carbon, Sulphur M Mask and Health and

Sector Emission within Safety Dept.

(Chemical
NEQ‟s Limits
Hazard)

Dangero Employme Harmful or Harmful H Trained Staff on Production dept.

us nt young can cause to Machines dangerous

Machine person on young machines

(Mechanical
dangerous workers
Hazard)
machines

Water Drinking Use of same Use of same glass M Provide separate Administration

Supply Water glass can glass to each

(Biological
cause disease worker for
Hazard)
drinking water

Water Dirty water M Use and change Administration

disease filters for

(Chemical
drinking,
Hazard)
checking of water

quality time to

time

Leakage Short Circuit M Repair cooler

from water placement Administration

(Electrical
cooler causes
Hazard)
short circuit

Page 22
Kitchen Administration

Producti Lightning Effect on Less lightning M Proper Lights and Administration

on and visibility of proper coverage

(Physical Hazard)
Ware workers and of lights to avoid

house accidents accidents

Emergenc Can cause Less lightning M Lights should be Administration

y lightning accidents provided

(Physical Hazard)

Latrines Use of Slipping Water on floor, L Proper Cleaning Administration

and latrines Smell and management

Urinals and urinals

(Physical Hazard)

Producti Spittoons Spread of Spits L Should be Administration

on Line disease provided

(Biological

Hazard)

Page 23
Industry Workers Spread of Use of Same M Inoculation and Health and

working in any glasses and other vaccination of Safety Dept.

industry infectious or utensils and by workers, issuance

contagious breathing in same of hygiene card,

disease areas Checkup of

worker by doctor
(Biological
before
Hazard)
employment

Annual checkup

Floors Walking Slipping Slippery Floors L Proper cleaning Administration

(Physical Hazard)

Stairs Going up Falling No proper railing L Railing Administration

or down (Physical Hazard)

If not directed

properly
Passing
Exit Casualty in L Correctness of
Them (Physical Hazard)
Pathway emergency direction
Administration
s

4.2 Risk Assessment of textile Industry Gujrat

(Source: Textile industry Gujrat, 2014)

Page 24
Risk assessment conducted by walk through survey and basic interview of employees. We identify

hazards from each department, pathway of exposure, risk arising from such hazards, then categorizing in

low, medium and high, corrective actions and assigning responsibility for proper implementation.

Furthermore questionnaire is used to evaluate welfare facilities related to occupational safety and health.

Page 25
4.3 Analysis of Questionnaire

Questionnaire filled by 100 employees. Following statistical showing that availability of welfare facility

and given health and safety conditions of mentioned industry.

Table 4. 1: First aid facility

Worker Percentage (%)

Yes 78

No 22

Total 100

First Aid

No
22%

Yes
78%

Graph 4. 1: First aid

Graph 4.1 shows that 78% employees said that they have proper availability of first aid. While others said

that, it‟s not proper.

Page 26
Table 4. 2: Training of employees

Employees Percentage (%)

Yes 79

No 21

Total 100

Training of employees

No
21%

Yes
79%

Graph 4. 2: Training of employees

Graph 4.2 showed that 79% employees got proper training. While remaining 21% employees did not get

proper training related to health and safety.

Page 27
Table 4. 3: Fresh water and food

Employees Percentage (%)

Yes 75

No 25

Total 100

Fresh water and Food

No
25%

Yes
75%

Graph 4. 3: Fresh water and food facility

Graph 4.3 showed that 75% employees said that industry providing proper water and food facility. While

remaining respondents said that its not proper facility.

Page 28
Table 4. 4: Personal Protective Equipment

Employees Percentage (%)

Yes 67

No 33

Total 100

Personal Protective Equipment

No
33%

Yes
67%

Graph 4. 4: Personal protective equipment

Graph 4.4 showed that 67% respondents said that industry provide proper personal equipments. While

remaining respondents refuse that its not proper facility.

Page 29
Table 4. 5: Fire extinguisher

Employees Percentage (%)

Yes 72

No 28

Total 100

Fire Extinguisher

No
28%

Yes
72%

Graph 4. 5: Fire extinguisher

Graph 4.5 showed that 72% employees said that industry provide proper fire extinguisher on each

department and also on fire risk related workplace. While 28% respondents said that it‟s not proper for

fire hazard on workplace.

Page 30
Table 4. 6: Toilets and washing facility

Employees Percentage

Yes 81

No 19

Total 100

Toilet and Washing facility

No
19%

Yes
81%

Graph 4. 6: Toilets and washing facility

Graph 4.6 showed that 81% employees said that industry provide proper toilet and washing facility.

While remaining said that its not proper facility.

Page 31
 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

This study was conducted in textile Industry which reveals different kinds of hazards/risks arising from

industrials activities. The main hazards were psychosocial, physical, biological, mechanical, physical,

chemical, and electrical. This categorized into low, medium and high. Then give management plan by

assigning responsibility to departments. Furthermore questioners related to welfare facilities were filled

which shown first aid, training of employees, fresh water and food, personal protective equipments, fire

extinguisher, toilets and washing facilities, 78%, 79%, 75%, 67%, 72% and 81% respondents satisfaction

respectively. This can further improve my implementation of proper recommendations give in this study.

Page 32
5.2 Recommendations
General recommendations conferred below, which are very easy to implement and improve existing
health and safety management system

 Floors should be properly cleaned and wash with disinfectant within a week.

 Floor should not be wet.

 Sprinkles should be used for washing.

 Washrooms should be properly cleaned and cleaned with disinfectant.

 Washrooms should be properly lighted and ventilated.

 Provide the hand wash to the workers after bath.

 Washing facilities should be provided near every sanitary convenience.

 Drinking water should be clean.

 Available at suitable places.

 Drinking water should be properly labeled.

 Glass should be separate of each worker.

 Training programs should be conducted on occupational health and safety, new practices of

chemical handling.

 Provide PPES to the workers.

 Commit the resources (time, money, employees) required to protect workers.

 Meetings with the employers and employees on health and safety topic at regular basis.

 Spittoons should be conveniently available.

 Provide sufficient lighting to workers to work carefully, move safely, and enter and leave the

workplace safely.

 Both natural and artificial source of lighting.

 Proper lighting should be available.

 Emergency lighting of special points in workroom and passages to function automatically in case

of failure of the electric system.

Page 33
 Floors and stairs should well sustain.

 Where it is essential to confirm protection, stairs, ladders, should be provided with substantial

railing.

 Adequate ventilation.

Page 34
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  APPENDIX

Questionnaire of Checklist
Subject: Welfare facilities Textile Gujrat
Name: ----------------
Age: -------------------

Questions Yes No

Do you satisfied with provision of first aid facility?

Do you receive proper health and safety trainings from

assigning employer of industry?

Do you have proper availability of fresh water and food

facility from industry?

Do you have proper availability of personal protective

equipments from industry?

Do you have proper availability of fire extinguishers from

industry?

Do you have proper availability toilets and washing facility

from industry?

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