MATRI

CES
Summar
y:
1.Amat
ri
xisabr
acketwi
thnumber
sinr
owsandcol
umns.Thus and

ar
emat
ri
ces.

2.Theor
derofamat
ri
xwithm r
owsandncol
umnsi
swr
it
tenas and
i
scall
edan matri
x.
3.Thenumber
sinamat
ri
xar
ecal
l
edi
tsel
ement
sorent
ri
es.
4.(
i)Toaddandsubt
ractmat
ri
cesoft
hesameor
der
,addandsubt
ract
cor
respondi
ngel
ements
(
ii
)Twomat
ri
cesar
eequali
fthei
rcor
respondi
ngel
ement
sar
eequal

(
ii
i)Ascal
arkmul
ti
pli
edbyamat
ri
x i
str
eat
edasf
oll
ows:

(
iv)Mat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
ioni
str
eat
edasf
oll
ows:

Mat
ri
xpr
oduct .
Mat r
ixproductABcanbedonei ft
henumberofcol umnsinAi sequalto
thenumberofr owi nB.
I
fa2´5mat r
ixismulti
pli
edbya5´3mat ri
x,thenther
esulti
ngmat ri
xhas
theouterdi
mensi ons(Thenewmatri
xisoforder2´3)
5.Anidenti
tymat ri
xIisamatri
xwi
thonesalongt hemajordiagonaland

zer
osel
sewher
e.Thusa2´2i
dent
it
ymat
ri
xisgi
venby
6.I
fmat
ri
x ,
then:

(
i)
Det
ermi
nantofA(
DetA)

(
ii
)Adj
ointofmat
ri
xA=

(
ii
i)Thei
nver
seofA,

(
iv)Thepr
oduct
(
v)Amat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
edbyani
dent
it
ymat
ri
xremai
nsunchanged
7.Asi
ngul
armat
ri
xist
heonewhosedet
ermi
nanti
szer
oandt
hushasno
i
nver
se.
EXAMPLES:

1.I
fmat
ri
x

(
a)St
atet
heor
derofmat
ri
xA
(
b)Det
ermi
net
he:
(
i)det
ermi
nantofA
(
ii
)inver
seofA

2.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x and f
ind:

(
i)P+Q (
ii
)QR (
ii
i)3P2Q+R (
iv)PQ (
v)QP (
vi)QRP

(
vii
) (
vii
i) (
ix) (
x)3P2Iwher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
y
matr
ix
3.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x and f
inddet(
AB)

4.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x and f
ind

5.Fi
ndt
heor
deroft
heresul
ti
ngmat
ri
xwhena34mat
ri
xismul
ti
pli
edby
a 45matri
x

6.I
fmat
ri
x and

(
i)det
ermi
net
heor
derofmat
ri
xAB
(
ii
)fi
ndmat
ri
xAB

7.I
fmat
ri
x and

(
i)det
ermi
net
heor
derofmat
ri
xR
(
ii
)fi
ndmat
ri
xR
8.Gi
vent
hemat
ri
xequat
ionAY=B,
usemat
ri
xinver
sionmet
hodt
ofi
nd:
(
i)mat
ri
xY (
ii
)mat
ri
xA

9.I
fmat
ri
x f
indmat
ri
xBsucht
hat

10.I
fmat
ri
x f
indmat
ri
xAsucht
hat
11.I
fmat
ri
x and det
ermi
ne:

(
i)t
heor
derofmat
ri
xR
(
ii
)mat
ri
xR

12.I
fmat
ri
x f
indmat
ri
xAsucht
hat wher
eIi
sa2

2i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x.

13.I
fmat
ri
x and f
indt
heval
uesxandy

sucht
hat3A=B

14.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofaandbsucht
hat

15.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofkandnsucht
hat

16.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat

17.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat

18.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
ueof sucht
hat

wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

19.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x and f
indt
hepossi
ble

val
uesofxsucht
hatAB=BA
20.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x hasnoi
nver
se

21.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

22.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

23.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
uesof sucht
hatt
he

mat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar,
wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

4. Gi
vent
hat showt
hat
,

7.Gi
vent
hatm f
ind and
,

1. I
f and i
sa i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x,pr
ovet
hat

2.
6.Gi
vent
hemat
ri
ces and ,
findmat
ri
xM such

t
hat
wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

SOLUTI
ONTOSI
MULTANEOUSEQUATI
ONSBYMATRI
XMETHOD
Summar
y:
Thefol
lowi
ngst
epsappl
yinsol
vi
ngsi
mul
taneousequat
ionusi
ngmat
ri
x
method:
(
i)Wr
it
etheequat
ionsi
nmat
ri
xfor
m
(
ii
)Fi
ndt
hei
nver
seoft
he2´2mat
ri
x
(
ii
i)Pr
emul
ti
plybot
hsi
desoft
hemat
ri
xequat
ionbyt
hei
nver
semat
ri
x
EXAMPLES:
1.Usemat
ri
xmet
hodt vet
osol hef
oll
owi
ngsi
mul
taneousequat
ions:

2.Fi
ndt
hei
nver
seof hencesol
vet
hesi
mul
taneousequat
ions

3.Tom bought3pensand2booksatShs4,
800.Bobbought5pensand4
booksfr
om thesameshopatShs9,000.
(
i)For
mtwoequat
ionst
orepr
esentt
heabovei
nfor
mat
ion
(
ii
)Usemat
ri
xmet
hodt
ofi
ndt
hecostofeachpenandt
hatofeachbook
(
ii
i)Howmuchwoul
dBenpayf
or10pensand6books
4.Shs4000canbuy10bansand5cakesor4bansand10cakes.
(
i)For
mtwoequat
ionst
orepr
esentt
heabovei
nfor
mat
ion
(
ii
)Fi
ndbymat
ri
xmet
hodt
hecostofeachbanandt
hatofeachcake.
MATRI
XWORDPROBLEMS
1.Tom,BobandBenwenttoasupermar ketforshoppi
ng.
Tom bought3pensand5booksand4r uler
s
Bobbought4pensand3booksand2r ulers
Benbought6pensand3ruler
s
ThecostofapenisShs500,abooki
sShs800andar uleri
sShs1500.
(
a)Wr
it
edown:
(
i)a3´3mat
ri
xfort
hei
temsboughtbyt
het
hreeboys.
(
ii
)a3´1costmat
ri
xforeachi
tem
(b)
Usemat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
iont
ofi
ndt
heamountofmoneyspentbyeach
boy

2.Inaswi mmingcompet i
ti
on,7point
swer eawardedforeachfi
rst
-pl
ace
fi
nish, 4point
sforsecondand2poi nt
sf ort
hird.
Senioronehad4f i
rstpl
acefini
shes,7secondplacefi
nishesand3thi
rd
pl
acef i
nishes.
Seni
ort
wohad8f
ir
stpl
acef
ini
shes,
9secondpl
acef
ini
shesand1t
hir
d
pl
acefi
nish.
Seni
ort
hr eehad10f
ir
stpl
acef
ini
shes,
5secondpl
acef
ini
shesand3t
hir
d
pl
acefi
nishes.
Seni
orf
ourhad3fi
rstpl
acef
ini
shes,
3secondpl
acef
ini
shesand6t
hir
d
pl
acefi
nishes.
(
a)Wr
it
edown:
(
i)a4´3mat
ri
xfort
henumberoff
ini
sheseachcl
asshad.
(
ii
)a3´1mat
ri
xfort
hepoi
ntsawar
dedf
oreachf
ini
sh
(
b)Usemat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
iont
odet
ermi
net
hewi
nneroft
hecompet
it
ion

3.ShopsA,
B,C,
andDor
der
edf
orbal
l
s,bat
sandgl
ovesasf
oll
ows:
Bal
ls Bat
s Gl
ove
s

ShopA 70 30 50

ShopB 60 20 25

ShopC 40 15 10

ShopD 50 40 30

Thebal
l
scostShs5,
000each,
bat
sShs3,
000eachandgl
ovesShs2,
000
each

(
a)Wr
it
edown:

(
i)a43mat
ri
xfort
hei
temsor
der
edbyeachshop.
(
ii
)a31costmat
ri
xforeachi
tem
(
b)Bymat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
ion,
findt
het
otalcostoft
hei
temsf
oreachshop
(c)I
fthesuppli
erhadtopayataxof20%oft
hecostoft
hei
temssol
d,f
ind
hisexpendi
tur
eont heor
der.
EER:

1.Gi
vent
hatIi
sani
dent
it
ymat
ri
xofor
der2×2andmat
ri
x

f
indmat
ri
xB=A+2I

2.Fi
ndt
hei
nver
seofmat
ri
x

3.Usemat
ri
xmet
hodt vet
osol hesi
mul
taneousequat
ions:

8.Ahot
elr
entsdoubl
eroomsatShs40,
000perdayandsi
ngl
eroomsat
Shs25,
000perday.I
f14roomswer
erent
edonedayforatot
alofShs
470,
000
(
i)For
mtwoequat
ionst
orepr
esentt
heabovei
nfor
mat
ion
(
ii
)Fi
ndbymat
ri
xmet
hodhowmanyr
oomsofeachki
ndwer
erent
ed.

4.I
nthemor
ning,
5br
eadsand8cakeswer
ebought
.
I
ntheaf
ter
noon,
7br
eadsand6cakeswer
ebought
.
Thecostofabr
eadi
sShs4000andacakei
sShs1200
(
a)Wr
it
edown:
(
i)a2×2mat
ri
xfort
heboughti
tems
(
ii
)a2×1costmat
ri
xforeachi
tem
(
b)Usemat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
iont
ofi
ndt
heexpendi
tur
eineachcase.
17.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat

wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

4.Gi
vent
hat and f
ind:

(
i)t
hei
nver
seofP.

(
ii
)mat
ri
x

5.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x hasnoi
nver
se

19.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

19.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

19.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

19.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

21.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
uesofksucht
hatt
he

mat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar,
wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

21.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
uesof sucht
hatt
he

mat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar,
wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x
16.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat

2.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x and f
indt
he

val
ueofxf
orwhi
cht
hedet
ermi
nantofRi
s2

21.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
uesofxf
orwhi
cht
he

det
ermi
nantofPi
s6
6.Shs244,
000canbuy5bansand6cakes,
whi
l
eShs356000canbuy7
bans
and9cakes.Fi
ndbymat
ri
xmet
hodt
hecostofeachbanandt
hatofa
cake.

7.Fi
ndt
heval
uesofyf
orwhi
cht
hemat
ri
x i
ssi
ngul
ar

8.Gi
vent
hatmat
ri
x f
indt
heval
ueof sucht
hat

wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x

9.Gi
vent
hemat
ri
x ,
findt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat

wher
eIi
sa22i
dent
it
ymat
ri
x.

9.Gi
vent
hemat
ri
x ,
findt
heval
uesofxandysucht
hat
10.BobandBenwentt
oasuper
mar
ketf
orshoppi
ng.
Bobbought2kgofsugar
,4bar
sofsoap,
5count
erbooksandonebot
tl
e
ofcooki
ngoi
l
.
Benbought5kgofsugar
,3bar
sofsoapandadozenofcount
erbooks.
ThecostofsugarperkgwasShs1,
500,
abarofsoapwasShs1,
000,
a
count
erbookwasShs3,
000andabot
tl
eofcooki
ngoi
lwasShs2,
000.

(
a)Wr
it
edown:
(
i)a24mat
ri
xfort
hei
temsboughtbyt
het
wopeopl
e.
(
ii
)a41costmat
ri
xforeachi
tem
(
b)Cal
cul
atet
he:
(
i)expendi
tur
eofeachper
sonbymat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
ion
(
ii
)tot
alexpendi
tur
eofbot
hBobandBen
(
c)Howmuchdi
dBenspendt
hanBob

3.Achar
it
yorgani
zat
iondonatedBallpens,
exercisebooks,
graphbooks
andt
abl
ebookstoseniorf
our,
threeandt woClassesofaschoolasbelow;
Seniorfourst
udent
sgot2bal
lpens,
12exer
cisebooks,
3gr
aphbooksand
1tablebookeach.
Seni
orthr
eest
udentsgot2bal
lpens,
8exer
cisebooks,
1gr
aphbooksand
1tabl
ebookeach.
Seni
ort
wost
udent
sgot1bal
lpens,
6exer
cisebooksand1t
abl
ebook
each
Ther
eare100st
udent
sinseni
orf
our
,120i
nseni
ort
hreeand130st
udent
s
i
nseniort
wo.
Theor
gani
zat
ionboughtt
hei
temsatt
hef
oll
owi
ngr
ates:
BallpensatShs500each,
Exerci
sebooksatShs1500each,
graphbookat
Shs2000eachandt abl
ebooksatSh.
6000each.
(
a)Wr
it
edown
(
i)1´3mat
ri
xfort
henumberofst
udent
s.
(
ii
)3´
4mat
ri
xfort
hei
tems
(
ii
i)4´
1costmat
ri
x.
(
b)Bymat
ri
xmul
ti
pli
cat
ion,
det
ermi
net
he
(
i)numberofi
temsofeacht
ypedi
str
ibut
ed.
(
ii
)tot
alamountspentbyt
heor
gani
zat
ioni
nacqui
ri
ngt
hei
tems.
(
c)I
ftheorgani
zat
ionhadt
opay5%VATont
hei
temsbought
,det
ermi
ne
t
hetot
alamountspent.

10.I
fmat
ri
x f
indmat
ri
xAsucht
hat

9.I
fmat
ri
x f
indmat
ri
xAsucht
hat

15.I
f ,
findxandy
 16.Gi
vent
hat ,
findxandy.

1.Gi
vent
hat , and ,
find;

2. i
)
3. i
i
)

Gi
vet
hat , and ,
findmat
ri
xTsuch

4.I
f ;

a)Det
ermi
ne; i
) i
i
)
b)i
dent
if
ymat
ri
x
12.FourSecondar
yschool
sfoot
bal
lteamsofNt
areH.
S,Lay
ibi
Col
l
ege,
Mvar
aS.
S

andKi
tendeS.
Squal
i
fiedf
oraf
oot
bal
ltour
nament,
whi
chwaspl
ayedi
ntwo

r
oundswi
thot
hert
eams.

Fi
rstr
ound

Nt
areH.
Swont
hreemat
ches,
drewoneandl
ostonemat
ch.

Lay
ibi
col
l
egewont
womat
ches,
drewoneandl
ostt
womat
ches

Mv
araS.
Swononemont
h,dr
ewt
hreeandl
ostonemat
ch.

Ki
tendeS.
Swonf
ourmat
ches,
drewoneandl
ostnomat
ch.
 Secondr
ound:

Nt
areH.
Swont
hreemat
ches,
drewt
woandl
ostnomat
ch.

Lay
ibi
col
l
egewont
womat
ches,
drewt
woandl
ostonemat
ch.

Mv
araS.
Swonnomat
ch,
drewt
hreeandl
ostt
womat
ches.

Ki
tendeS.
Swont
hreemat
ches,
drewt
woandl
ostnomat
ch.

a)Wr
it
edown:
(
i)a4x3mat
ri
xtoshowt
heper
for
manceoft
hef
ourt
eamsi
neachoft
he

t
wor
ounds. (
02mar
ks)

(
ii
)a4x3mat
ri
xwhi
chshowst
heov
eral
lper
for
manceoft
het
eamsi
nbot
h

r
ounds. (
02mar
ks)

b)I
fthr
eepoi
ntsareawardedforawi
n,onepoi
ntf
oradr
awandnopointf
oral
oss,
use
matr
ixmul
ti
pli
cat
iontodeter
minewhi
chschoolwont
hetour
nament
.

(
03mar
ks)

c)Giv
ent hatMTNdonat edsh.3,
450,
000tobeshar
edbyt
hefourt
eamsaccor
dingtot
he
rat
iooftheirpoi
ntsscor
edinthetour
nament
,fi
ndhowmuchmoneyeacht
eam got.
(05marks)