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Encoders
Topic- Encoders
Ayushi Mishra ( Intern)
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About Us- Created as 'Ganga Packaging' in 1998, we became 'Shubham Flexible Packaging
Machines Pvt. Ltd.' in 2002
A creation of Mr. Virendra Sharma, our Chairman & Managing Director, Shubham today is the
leader in manufacturing of multi track, collar type and lined carton packing machines. Shubham
not only boasts of some big names in it's client list within India, it also has an enviable list of
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customers worldwide.
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Contents
What is encoder?
Types of encoder
Linear Encoder and Rotary Encoder
Absolute Encoder and Incremental Encoder
Encoder used here
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It is a sensing device that provides feedback. It senses the motion of the motor
and later converts it into electrical signal and sends it to any sensing device like
PLC and counters. Encoders sends the feedback that can be used to find the
position, speed, direction and count of rotation of the motor. Encoders provides
closed loop system where an accurate position is needed to be maintained.
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Based on Sensing technique
Linear Encoders-It is a sensor or transducer that measures linear movement of an
object. The device can move in different directions but always travels along one axis. It
can detect speed, distance, direction, and displacement.
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Rotary Encoders-A rotary encoder is a device that converts the rotational motion
of a shaft or axle into electrical signals that can be used to determine the shaft's
position and speed. They are also known as shaft encoders.
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Based on measuring type
Absolute encoder- An absolute encoder measures the position of the shaft in
reference to a fixed point. The reference point can be the starting position of the
shaft or any other fixed point. Each position of the shaft can be read any time
.With Absolute encoder the absolute position value of the shaft is available even
after power loss because it has a battery which provide power.
•Absolute optical encoder-It is the most widely used encoder that consist of –
Light Source
Rotating encoder disk
Photo detector
Signal conditioning device
Light travels from the gaps in the rotating disk and absorbed by the photo
detector and then it is transmitted to the signal conditioning device.
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absolute rotary encoder
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absolute rotary encoder
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Incremental Encoder-An incremental encoder is a type of encoder
device that converts angular motion or position of a shaft into an
analog or digital code to identify position or motion. Incremental
encoders are one of the most commonly used rotary
encoders. An incremental encoder does not provide an absolute
position of a load. These types are most often used in applications
where the need for precise positioning is not as important as
monitoring speed or direction. Incremental encoders measure changes
in position and can be used to track the speed of a rotating shaft.
A and B channel of incremental encoder
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How does incremental encoder works?
Incremental encoder generates a fixed number of pulses during one rotation. The
number of pulses per revolution (PPR) defines an incremental encoder’s resolution,
or how precise its measurements are.
The pulses are emitted as digital output signals using two incremental channels (A
and B). If you only need to know speed (RPM) but not direction, only the A channel
is used. When you need to know both speed and direction, channels A and B are
used together.
The A and B channels have a phasing offset of 90 electrical degrees. This is called
quadrature because there are 360 electrical degrees in one pulse encoder cycle.
When the A and B signals are in quadrature at a constant speed, the digital output
consists of two square waveforms with a 90-degree phase difference.
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The encoder used in our company is PEPPERL + FUCHS
• Type-TVI50N-09BK0A6TN-00360
• Part no- 272258-0003
• Serial no-40000173868789
• Incremental rotary encoder
• 4.75 V ... 30 V with short-circuit proof
push-pull output
• Detection type : photoelectric sampling
• Pulse count : max. 1024
• Operating voltage : 4.75 ... 30 V DC
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Modular Master
Programming
Encoder characteristics
Pulses per revolution (PPR):
An incremental rotary encoder generates a specific number of pulses every
revolution. The greater the PPR number, the smaller the angle between pulses. This
PPR number is preset for standard incremental encoders. Programmable incremental
encoders can modify this value to a desired number by a software modification.
Output Drivers
An encoder output driver amplifies and processes raw encoder signal into square-
wave signals that can be transmitted to the readout device or drive.
TTL (Transistor Transistor logic)
HTL (Push pull)
Open collector
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Programming
Transistor transistor logic (TTL)
It is a 5V line driver, for any input voltage you will get 0V on low state and 5 V on high
state.
Push Pull (HTL)
It is a sinking and sourcing output. On low state you will 0V and on high state you will get
encoder supply of 8V to 24 Like we supplied the voltage of 24 V to the encoder the output
will be on 24 V.
Open collector
It is a sinking output; on active state the output is dependent on 0V and on off state the
output is dependent on input device power supply.
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