2

LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AND FOOD HABITS OF MARITIME STUDENTS

A Research Output
Presented to the Faculty of
College of Maritime Studies
VMA Global College and Training Centers, Inc.
Sum-ag, Bacolod City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Ace S. Flores
Lanbert J. Gandecila
Joel T. Gepanago
Joshreno T. Gerona
France M. Oco
Alster A. Regala

January 2023
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude to their Research Instructor,

Ms. Veronica Jireh De Asis for her invaluable assistance, constant support, and patience

before,during, and after the study's completion. Her advice assisted the researchers in

pursuing the study. Furthermore, the researchers are very grateful to their research

Adviser, Mr. John Carlo Coniendo for his endless support and for teaching the

researchers how to create a research study, as well as for being present when the

researchers required advice from the creation of their study through the completion of

their Thesis Defense.

The researchers would want to express their gratitude to the panels. Mr Elmer

John Basa, MAEd, Mr. Jose Batuigas, MAEd, Ms. Virginia Mirasol, RN who worked

hard and contributed their knowledge to help the researchers enhance their studies.

The researchers would like to thank their validators. Ms. Virginia Mirasol, RN,

Ms. Claire Anne Jaena, RN and Mr. Jason Guilen, RN for their assistance in evaluating

the survey questionnaires and making ideas to improve the clarity of our survey

questionnaire.

The researchers would like to thank their statistician for assisting them in

obtaining the necessary results for their study, as well as their grammarian for making

their paper more structured and comprehensible to the readers, as well as for checking

and correcting their research.

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The researchers would like to thank their friends for their moral, spiritual, and

emotional support, which has inspired them to do their best. Their constant love, care,

and support enabled the researchers to overcome all obstacles while conducting the study.

The researchers are extremely thankful to their families for their monetary,

psychological, and moral support. Their affection, support, and suggestions inspire the

researchers to accomplish more. During their research investigation, the researchers'

family played a significant part. This research would not have been feasible without the

assistance and support of their family.

Finally, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God for His great

kindness and mercies. For the gift of learning, understanding, and providing them the

fortitude to overcome all the difficulties they encountered while creating and defending

their research. Without His help, the researchers would not have been capable of

finishing the study.

-The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
ABSTRACT viii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Scope of the Study 4
Significance of the Study 4
Definition of terms 5
Theoretical Framework 7
Conceptual Framework 11
Review of Related Literature 12
METHODS 37
Research Design 37
Respondents 37
Instrument 38
Data Gathering Procedure 39
Statistical Treatment 39
Ethical Considerations 40
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41
CONCLUSION 49
Recommendations 49
REFERENCES 51
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire 54
Appendix B: Validity Results 57
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Appendix C: Reliability Results 59

Appendix D: Informed Consent 60
Appendix E: Letters to jurors/dean/VPAA, etc. 64
Appendix F: Accomplished Certificate to Conduct Study 74
Appendix G: Endorsement for Pre-Oral Defense 79
Appendix H: Endorsement for Final Defense 80
Appendix I: Certification for Grammar Check 81
Appendix J: Certification for Originality Testing 82
Appendix K: Certification from the Ethics Review Board 84
Appendix L: Curriculum Vitae 85
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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
1 Distribution of the respondents 38
2 Profile of the Respondents 41
3 Lifestyle practices of respondents 44
4 Food Habits of respondents 47
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
1 Conceptual Model 12
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ABSTRACT
Lifestyle practices are activities followed by the students as part of their everyday
routine. On the other hand, food habits are the attitude or behavior of students towards
their food intake. This study identified the lifestyle practices of the respondents as well
as their different approaches toward their food. Descriptive research design was used for
this study. The respondents of the study were 3rd year BSMT and BSMARE students
enrolled in VMA Global College and Training Centers Inc. during the 1st semester of
A.Y. 2022-2023. Frequency and percentage, and mean were used as statistical tools to
analyze the data. Total of 199 maritime students participated in this study, which was
conducted using an online survey. Eating nutritional foods, handling stress, doing regular
exercise and valuing mental health were the top lifestyle practices of the maritime
students. In addition, researchers identified that when taken as a whole maritime students
often engaged in various food habits such as food intake, food approach and food
avoidance. This study is beneficial to OSH, Maritime students and future researchers.
Output of this study will serve as basis for recommendation to the Occupational, safety
and health office.
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INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

On earth, there were two types of people: those who "eat in order to live" and

those who "live in order to eat" The people's choice of type aimed to classify them as

living a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle and directs them towards either negative or positive

outcomes, which are the results of the decisions they made. The human body used to

require energy to execute fundamental processes such as breathing, food digesting, heat

control, body repair, growth stimulation, and immune system maintenance. This energy

was already present as nutrients in a wide variety of meals. The calorie was the basic unit

of energy generated from the food we ate. In essence, a calorie may be defined as a type

of fuel that our bodies store and use dependent on our needs or daily activity (Vyas,

2022).

Furthermore, According to the World Health Organization (2018), Childhood

health risks, such as poor eating habits, have been shown to contribute to the burden of

adult disease. Previously, as they advanced from childhood to young adulthood and

gained independence, young adults found it increasingly challenging to make healthy

dietary choices. Furthermore, throughout this time period, a range of weight-related

behavioral behaviors developed, including excessive alcohol consumption, a lack of

physical activity, and insufficient exercise involvement.

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Moreover. The ongoing conflicts, pre-existing and COVID-19-related financial

setbacks, extreme climatic conditions, and numerous cases of people in Emergency or

better (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above) or the same were highlighted in the 2022 Global

Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2022The 2022 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC

2022), which concentrated on the particularly severe food shortages, underlined the

continued hostilities, pre-existing economic shocks due to COVID-19, harsh weather

conditions, and ongoing conflicts. The previous edition of this survey included the

highest figure ever recorded in its six-year existence. The most current version of the

research had previously shown the highest figure in its six-year history. The World Food

Programme is a member of the Global Network Against Food Crises, an international

coalition fighting the root causes of extreme hunger. The COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing

conflicts, economic shocks related to pre-existing conditions, and extreme weather events

were all highlighted in the Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2022 edition, which

also highlighted the alarming severity and significant number of people in Crisis or worse

in 53 countries/territories. This year's report garnered the most readers in its six-year

existence.

The Philippines' Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned the public not

to buy or consume 14 unlicensed food items in 2019, including drinks, snacks, and

desserts. Four warnings covering a total of 17 items—14 food products and three dietary

supplements—were issued. The same cautions were included in six more

recommendations that covered 31 health supplements. The final four food items were

purified water, vegetable bouillon cubes, salted egg fish skin, and a unique kind of
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dessert. The other ten items were various instant drink mixes, ranging from coffee to

lemonade.

In addition, the DOH previously committed to assisting DepEd in ensuring

learners' health and well-being by improving access to healthcare, developing healthy

school policies, creating conducive physical and social environments, encouraging

community engagement in health matters, and reinforcing health skills and education.

Previously, the DOH proved its commitment to aiding DepEd in protecting students'

health and well-being. This commitment included increasing healthcare accessible,

developing policies to support a healthy school environment, building favorable physical

and social environments, expanding community health partnerships, and boosting health

skills and education. DOH, 2022).

Although, Pineda (2019) had prepared a food habit questionnaire for athletes, he

suggested to increase the sample size and to conduct this research outside the National

Capital Region (NCR). In this manner, the researchers considered this gap and focused

on the lifestyle practices and food habits of maritime students. Maritime students just like

the athletes should have a healthy lifestyle for them to be physically fit. This would also

help them achieve standard BMI for future employment. The output for this revision will

serve as basis recommendation on behalf of Occupational, Safety and Health Office.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to know or determine the lifestyle practices and food habits of

3rd year maritime students in VMA Global College and Training Centers, Inc. during the

1st semester of academic year 2022-2023.

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Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of

a. Program
2. What are the lifestyle practices of the Respondents?
3. What are the food habits of the respondents in terms of :
a. Food Intake
b. Food Approach
c. Food Avoidance
Scope of the Study

This revision focused on the lifestyle practices and food habits of 3rd year BSMT

and BSMarE students of VMA Global College and Training Centers, Inc., during the first

semester of academic year 2022-2023. The researchers utilized a researcher-made

questionnaire -adapted and modified from Baygi et.al. (2020) for lifestyle practices

questions while Pineda et.al (2019) and Hunot et.al (2016) for food habits. The output of

the study will serve as basis for recommendations to the Occupational, Safety and Health

Office.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study might beneficial to the following:

Occupational, Safety and Health Office. This study would benefit the health

office to create programs that would help implement healthy lifestyle and food choice of

students. Furthermore, it will serve as basis for improving the health status of students

including their body mass index (BMI).

Maritime Students. This would gave them awareness towards their health and

guide them to adhere in different programs associated with healthy lifestyle and better
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eating habits. By enhancing their health, they will be fit to work as maritime cadets and

help secure employability. Moreover this will also give students clarity, to pay attention

to their health and to take their health seriously.

Future Researchers. This study would gave them a general overview of the

lifestyle practices and food choices of maritime students, serving as basis for future

studies and developments. In addition this study could be a source of data for future

researchers because it has been widely discussed; yet, society is not fully aware and

mindful of the issue. Researchers could help individuals understand the value of

understanding the lifestyle of maritime students and their food choices.

Definition of Terms

The following definitions were provided to ensure that the researcher as well as

the readers had a common understanding:

Lifestyle Practices. Lubowiecki (2021) defined lifestyle practices as the

distinctive pattern of social and personal conduct characteristic of an individual or a

community.In this study, Having a nutritious nourishment, being materially active,

keeping a healthy weight, vacating smoking, and drinking in moderation are lifestyle

habits that promote health.

Food Habits. Food habits were defined as voluntary, group-wide, recurring

behaviors that influence people's decisions to select, consume, and use particular meals or

diets as a result of social and cultural variables, according to Medina (2020).

Operationally, food habits relates to how and why individuals eat, what they eat, and who

they eat it with. It also describes how people get, store, consume, and dispose of food.
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This food habits relate to various personal, interpersonal, social, cultural, religious,

economic and environments

Food Intake. According to Lachat (2018) Food intake is consumption of

foods and beverages both consumed out of the home (OH) and at home (AH), as

well as their nutritional value in the daily diet.

In this study, Food intake defines how individuals eat time to time. The food a

person consumes is important because it sustains life, encourages development,

and gives an individual energy.

Food Approach. According to Vandeweghe (2016) Food Approach refers

to eating habits and ideas that entail a movement toward or desire for food.

Examples include eating too much, emotive eating, external eating, eating in the

lack of hunger, and foodstuff pleasure.Operationally, Food approach is a

nourishment suggestion towards a person’s food choice that allow them to pick

food they craved.

Food Avoidance. According to Vandeweghe (2016) Food avoidance

refers to eating practices that entail moving away from food, such as foodstuff

neophobia, finicky/fussy eating, tardiness in eating, and emotive undereating.

In this study, Food avoidance is a strong dislike of a certain food that is

accompanied by unpleasant bodily sensations when you sight or smell that certain

food. Rather than the meal itself, these reactions are frequently caused by

emotions linked with it.

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Theoretical Framework

Health Lifestyle Theory. The Health Lifestyle Theory of Cockerham, 2005

serves as the theoretical foundation for this investigation. According to earlier theories,

different lifestyles with different health behaviors can be classified according to

socioeconomic status (SES), gender, racial or ethnic background, and other social factors.

These patterns were enforced publicly from a top-down process of upbringing and

experience, so they weren't random. People become aware of their various possibilities as

well as the acceptable and undesirable societal norms for behavior while making

decisions. While people had the ability to choose their lifestyle habits, their decisions

were often influenced by their socioeconomic level and other structural aspects. As a

result, social institutions steered health-related lifestyle choices into predefined courses,

restricting other possibilities. People's health was heavily influenced by their level of

wellness.

Students frequently experienced difficulty in maintaining a healthy lifestyle

during their college years owing to increased levels of stress, both at college and in their

future professions. According to research, two-thirds of students gained weight during

their first year of university due to stress, poor food habits, and decreased physical

activity. Excessive time spent reading and writing on mobile phones or laptops lowered

enthusiasm for physical activity, increasing the risk of weight gain. According to studies,

50% to 80% of students gained weight during their first year, with an average gain of 5 to

10 pounds. Males and females gained weight at varying rates, with males gaining up to

4.2 kg and females gaining up to 1.9 kg at the conclusion of the study. Late-night studies,

unhealthy eating, fast food intake, alcohol usage, and inconsistent sleep patterns all led to
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weight growth among college students. The meal alternatives were often poor and rich in

fat and sugar, resulting in fast weight gain. According to the WHO, being overweight is a

substantial risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal diseases, and

numerous types of cancer, including breast and colon cancer.

In relation to the present study, The Cockerham Health Lifestyle Theory was

used. As a male-dominated program, there are some lifestyle behaviors that are shared by

everybody, such as sports, eating nutritious meals, frequent physical activity, taking care

of one's mental health, smoking, and consuming alcoholic drinks. Male pupils may

observe and practice this. While health lifestyle theory suggests that people's lifestyle

behaviors are influenced by their socioeconomic level. Males prefer to eat outside of the

school grounds rather than in the canteen. Students from wealthy families are more likely

to purchase items regardless of their nutritional worth. While low-income households buy

meals according on their budget. As a result, it is possible to conclude that one's

socioeconomic standing has a significant impact on one's lifestyle.

According to Burdette et.al. (2017) In a previous study titled "Wellbeing lifestyles

in adolescence and self-rated health into adulthood," data from the National Longitudinal

Study of Adolescent to Adult Health's Waves 1 and 4 (n = 7,827) were used. Using latent

class analysis, four unique health behaviors were identified: (a) low risk, (b) moderate

risk with drug use, (c) moderate risk with inactivity, and (d) high risk. According to

health lifestyle theory, membership in these classes varied by gender, race/ethnicity, and

family structure. According to regression analysis, people who lead high-risk lifestyles

have worse health throughout adolescence and adulthood than those who lead low-risk

lifestyles, which is consistent with the life cycle approach. These results confirm the
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existence of socially regulated lifestyles in adolescence, which may be essential in

understanding how physical health is distributed in the first few years of life.

Social Cognitive Theory. Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory

(SLT) in the 1960s; this theory eventually changed its name to Social Cognitive Theory

(SCT). It went on to become the Social Contextual Theory (SCT) in 1986, which put out

the idea that learning happened in a social context where people, their environment, and

their behavior interacted in a dynamic and reciprocal way. SCT was unique in that it

placed a strong focus on social effect and the function of both internal and exterior social

reinforcement. It took into account how habits are acquired and maintained as well as

how the social environment affects such behaviors. The idea looked at how people's past

experiences affected their propensity to engage in particular actions by influencing their

reinforcing, expectations, and expectancies. These elements affected people's motivations

as well as whether or not they would engage in a certain activity. Unfortunately, a lot of

behavioral theories that were used to health promotion were more concerned with

behavior start than habit maintenance. SCT, on the other hand, sought to clarify how

people controlled and reinforced their behavior to produce persistent and goal-directed

conduct across time. The idea of self-efficacy was added as the theory evolved into SCT,

even though the first five elements of SCT were created as part of the SLT. A strong

foundation for the Social Cognitive Theory may be found in three fundamental ideas

relating to health: behavioral capability, self-efficacy, and observational learning. The

term "interactive capability" describes a person's real capacity to carry out a behavior

utilizing the required familiarity and capacities. It entails understanding what must be

done and how to do it in order to carry out a task properly. People take lessons from their
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actions' results, which also have an impact on the environment they live in. Self-efficacy,

on the other hand, is concerned with a person's confidence in their capacity to carry out

an activity successfully. Although other theories, such the Theory of Planned Behavior,

have included this element, self-efficacy continues to be a distinctive feature of SCT. A

person's degree of self-efficacy is influenced by their unique abilities, personal traits, and

environmental factors, such as obstacles and enablers. Additionally, observational

learning contends that people are able to watch and track the behavior of others before

imitating it. People are more likely to complete a task effectively if they have seen

someone else do it well, which was a fact that was frequently illustrated through

modeling activities (LaMorte, 2022).

In relation to the present study, Social Cognitive Theory, mostly a person’s

behavioral capability impacts its actual capacity depends on someone’s action towards

their health. For example a person’s food intake can depend on their nutritional

knowledge on the health benefits of vegetables and fruits or also the adverse effects of

eating high carbohydrates or sodium foods such as, fast foods, junk foods and drinks. On

the other hand, self-efficacy, you have a clear mind despite of the temptations, you’ll try

to avoid unhealthy foods and prefer nutritional foods since you believed that it will make

you healthy and live longer life. On the contrary observational learning perceives other

persons food habit and try to imitate it. In this manner, he or she may eat depends on

one’s consumption and appetite (depending on one’s mood).

This theory was used to support the study of Guntzviller et. al. (2017). It can be

observe that particularly in impoverished groups, public health goals have placed an

emphasis on good eating and exercise habits. Self-efficacy and capability (such as health
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literacy), in accordance with social cognitive theory (SCT), may combine to predict

preventive actions. They conducted a study of 100 low-income, native Spanish-speakers

in the United States, most of whom were of Mexican ancestry. The participants shared

their behaviors related to eating well and exercising, as well as their health literacy in

Spanish. The combination of self-efficacy and health literacy strongly predicted fruit and

vegetable consumption, weekly exercise, and only modestly predicted avoiding high-fat

meals, which is consistent with SCT. The favorable associations between self-efficacy

and health behaviors were reinforced for all three interactions by higher health literacy

levels. The findings confirm the principles of SCT and imply that for low-income,

Spanish-speaking individuals, as a combination of behavioral confidence and literacy

competence to engage in healthy activities.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual model shown below identified that the respondents of the study

were the 3rd Year BSMT and BSMarE students. There were two concepts for this study,

the lifestyle practices and food habits of maritime students. Lifestyle practices involved

different activities done by the students as part of their daily routine and stress

management. On the other hand, concept 2 involved the food habits of the maritime

students particular on their food intake, food approach and food avoidance. Output of the

study would served as foundation for recommendation to the Occupational, Safety and

Health Office. The Conceptual model is shown on Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Conceptual Model

Review of Related Literature

Lifestyle Practices. Students were trained for professional work as marine deck

and engine officers through the four-year undergraduate degrees of Bachelor of Science

in Marine Transportation (BSMT) and Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering

(BSMarE). Students had to adhere to strict medical requirements throughout the program

in order to pursue their desired occupations. The minimal health criteria for various

marine occupations varied, with Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering being

two examples of occupations with stringent health standards. Deck and engine cadets
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needed to be physically fit and able to carry out the tasks, duties, and obligations

allocated to them while onboard if they wanted to pursue a career in this profession. Their

fitness levels were evaluated by medical exams, and the topics of investigation in this

study were lifestyle and dietary practices.

In the past, different people had different ideas of what constituted a healthy

lifestyle, and people's answers would probably vary based on their cultural and personal

priorities. Different definitions of a healthy lifestyle result from how each individual

makes decisions depending on the possibilities accessible to them in their social and

geographic contexts (Cockerham, 2021). Therefore, based on the available personal

options, a healthy lifestyle might be defined as a behavior pattern that supports health.

Food habits are a person's reflection of their ideas and feelings. These activities

should be understood from the perspective of the people who engage in them, taking into

consideration the cultural notions inside their community, whether we are talking about

dietary patterns or specific instances of eating or drinking. Like any psychological

process, eating behavior can only be scientifically defined using terms that have cultural

significance to the individual. It extends beyond only physical acts and the transport of

nutrients and is a behaviorally organized process directed by information (Booth et al.,

2022).

According to Baygi et al. (2020), The research on occupational health promotion

initiatives at sea was dispersed and used a variety of methodology. Given the continuing

emphasis on lifestyle and health promotion in land-based businesses, it was vital to

examine available data from marine contexts in order to gather systematic information in

this field. Up to January 2019, the researchers did a systematic review by searching
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databases including PubMed, NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific

Information/Web of Science (ISI/WOS), and SCOPUS using common keywords like

"lifestyle interventions in the maritime environment." The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool

was used to assess the caliber of the included studies, and the papers and data were

evaluated by two independent reviewers. The studies' notable variety made it necessary to

show the effectiveness of treatments through a qualitative synthesis. Ten articles satisfied

the qualifying requirements and were included in the final evaluation following a

preliminary search and refining procedure comprising 4,432 records. Six of these studies

were carried out in marine environments in the US, three of them featured Danish

seafarers, and one was centered on Finland. Six studies' worth of educational

interventions included topics including stress management, eating well, quitting drinking

and smoking, understanding sexual behavior, and preventative guidance. Four studies

described the use of therapies such medication, physical exercise, and vitamin

supplementation. Follow-up evaluations were performed throughout intervals of 80 days

to two years. According to three research, structural and/or educational interventions had

a favorable but limited effect.

Furthermore, in the study conducted by Whatnall et al. (2019), A sample of

Australian university students was studied with regard to lifestyle choices (such as the

intake of fruits and vegetables, alcohol, physical activity, sitting time, smoking, drug

usage, sleep, and sexual health), as well as health risk factors (such as BMI, food

insecurity, and mental health). 3,077 University of Newcastle (UON) students from

Australia participated in the survey, which was conducted in September and October of

that year. Their average age was 27.1 years, 9.8 years, and 69.4% of them were female. A
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cross-sectional self-report survey was used to conduct the 2017 UON Student Healthy

Lifestyle Survey. The findings showed that a sizable majority of individuals engaged in

harmful lifestyle practices, including 89.5% not eating enough vegetables, 50.3%

drinking more alcohol than is advised, and 38.1% not exercising enough. Rates of health

risk factors were also noted, including the overweight or obese status of 39.6% of

individuals, the high or very high risk of psychological distress experienced by 37.6%,

and the food insecurity experienced by 22.0%. These findings underline the necessity for

ongoing monitoring and the prioritization of effective initiatives to improve the health of

university students by highlighting the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits and

related health risk factors within the study group.

According to Valentine et al. (2016), At a university in the Midwest, a research

involving undergraduate students, student-athletes, and ROTC cadets was carried out

between September 2014 and January 2015. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the

prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use, investigate opinions on DS effectiveness, and

evaluate the lifestyle choices of DS users and non-users. The researchers used chi-square

tests, independent sample t-tests, descriptive statistics, and an online cross-sectional

survey in addition to other statistical studies. According to the findings, more than 50%

of respondents in each category said they used DS. The majority of DS consumers had

favorable opinions of these supplements' efficacy. Undergraduate DS users reported more

physical activity and healthier eating patterns compared to non-users. It was discovered,

however, that more than 72% of undergraduate students who reported utilizing. The study

revealed the widespread use of DS on college campuses, with many users having positive
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perceptions of their effectiveness. Except for cigarette usage, college students who used

DS often reported leading similar or better lives compared to non-users.

In another study by Imas et al. (2018), the focus was on establishing, refining, and

evaluating a values creation model for promoting students' healthy lifestyles during

physical training. The participants consisted of 108 males and 120 girls, aged 18 to 20.

The study aimed to determine the degree to which values for a healthy lifestyle are

formed and design a model to encourage students to adopt such lifestyles. The model

encompassed various elements, including goals, tasks, guiding principles, phases,

organizational and methodical requirements, stages, a program, and efficiency standards.

A part of the model involved an extracurricular physical education activities program.

The study highlighted the aspects within the context of physical training that influenced

students' development of values for a healthy lifestyle. The findings indicated

improvements in certain metrics related to food habits. It emphasized the significance of

understanding eating behaviors from the individual's cultural perspective, taking into

account their community's cultural notions and the psychological aspects associated with

food choices. The study highlighted that eating behavior is not solely a physical act of

nutrient intake but a behaviorally organized process influenced by information and

cultural significance.

Food habits reflect an individual's thoughts and emotions, and it is important to

understand these behaviors from the perspective of the people involved, considering the

cultural norms within their community. This applies to dietary patterns and specific

instances of eating and drinking. Defining eating behavior in a scientific context requires

terms that hold cultural significance to the individual, as it encompasses more than just
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the physical aspects of consuming nutrients. It is a behaviorally organized process

influenced by information (Booth et al., 2022).

Furthermore, in a study by Jalali (2020), We looked at the importance of sleep for

learning, physical and mental health, and general wellbeing. The study's goal was to find

out how students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences performed academically

and how well they slept. 102 medical students from diverse professions who were chosen

by maximum variance sampling took part in the cross-sectional study. The students filled

out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, or PSQI, questionnaires, and statistical tests such

the t-test, Pearson correlation test, and Spearman test were used to analyze the data in

SPSS 19. According to the findings, there was no discernible difference in the quality of

sleep between students who had excellent marks and those who did not. Both groups,

however, occasionally to occasionally had light sleep problems. A substantial link

between academic performance and

In addition, a study conducted by Milosavljević et al. (2015) underlined the need

of young people developing healthy behaviors that are in line with nutritional advice.

They go through a crucial transitional stage during adolescence where they increasingly

take ownership of their eating patterns, attitudes about their health, and actions,

ultimately creating lasting habits. The purpose of the study was to investigate teenage

eating patterns and nutritional understanding. The sample included 117 youths between

the ages of 17 and 19. To evaluate general characteristics, nutritional knowledge about

nutrients, dietary guidelines, sources of nutrients, diet-disease associations, and dietary

behaviors, a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire adapted from the General

Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire was used. Less than one-third of the teens showed
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sufficient understanding, with knowledge levels being considerably higher in boys, youth

from rural regions, and overweight youth. It was customary to skip meals, especially

morning. Compared to girls, who tended to consume more fruits and vegetables, boys

were more likely to consume meat and goods associated to meat. Particularly among girls

and overweight teens, fad dieting was common. Boys consumed a considerable number

of soft drinks, compared to girls who consumed a significant amount of sweets.

Teenagers' main source of nutrition knowledge was television. The results supported

research from North America and Europe, underscoring the substantial impact of

globalization and the quick spread of hazardous behaviours. The findings highlighted the

need to fill in nutritional information gaps and encourage healthy eating practices through

the creation of cutting-edge tactics that can eventually change behavior. The number of

meals eaten each day might be increased as one example of possible behavior

adjustments.

Moreover, a study conducted by Edelmann (2022) investigated the relationship

between inactive lifestyles, sedentary habits, and collegiate students in Germany.

Identification of student subgroups more prone to participate in dangerous behaviors as

well as an analysis of differences in sedentary and active behavior in connection to

sociodemographic and academic variables were the goals of the study. 4,351 students

answered the questionnaire online. Utilizing the International Physical Activity

Questionnaire's German short form, the amount of movement (metabolic equivalence of

task-min/week) and sitting time (h/day) were calculated. To evaluate differences in

gender, age, field of study, targeted degree, and study semester, statistical methods such

as single factorial ANOVA with Tukey correction or Welch-ANOVA with Games-

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Howell correction were utilized. The findings showed that physical activity varied

significantly by gender, subject area, and level of education. Students who were female,

majored in "natural sciences, mathematics, and informatics," and were in their first year

of college all seemed to be at a higher risk of leading unhealthy lifestyles. Future studies

should concentrate on figuring out what physical activity-related obstacles and rewards

exist, as well as why certain sub-populations of university students tend to engage in high

levels of idleness. It is necessary to create appropriate programs for prevention and

intervention.

According to Gardner et al. (2022), To ascertain whether variations over time are

related to lockdown status and gender, it is imperative to look at changes in the

prevalence of six important chronic illness risk factors (referred to as the "Big 6") among

a large and geographically diverse sample of teenagers before (2019) and during (2021)

the COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol and cigarette usage increased throughout the course of

the two-year period, with females consuming more alcohol (PR=2.34, 95% CI=1.19 to

4.62), eating less fruits (PR=1.50, 95% CI=1.26 to 1.79), and spending more time on

screens for entertainment (PR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.11). Additionally, compared to the

general population (PR=0.74, 95% CI=0.68 to 0.8), girls showed a greater prevalence of

inadequate sleep (PR=1.24, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.41). People who were under lockdown

orders ate less sweet food and Adolescents frequently engage in risky lifestyle habits

such excessive screen time, poor food, inactivity, and insufficient sleep. Regardless of

how the pandemic develops, it is crucial to assist young people in preserving or

enhancing their health, with specialized interventions required for populations who are

disproportionately affected, such as teenage girls.

 20

Additionally, Gadais et al. (2018) highlight the initiatives undertaken in Canada

over the past two decades to promote healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments.

This review aims to synthesize the information from various studies conducted during

this period to gain a comprehensive understanding of their objectives and impacts. The

analysis reveals a significant increase in studies on Environmental Factors for Healthy

Lifestyles (EFHL) between 2010 and 2015, representing 57% of the total studies. These

studies commonly focused on four main components: physical activity, nutrition,

neighborhood factors, and the built environment. Different age groups were examined,

with an emphasis on adults (48%), young people (34%), and seniors (9%). Quantitative

methods were predominantly used (60%), while qualitative approaches were employed in

18% of the research. Municipal-level interventions and research received more attention

(53%) compared to national or provincial levels (31%), suggesting a greater emphasis on

local community initiatives. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of

Canadian studies on EFHL during the specified period but also clarifies the definition of

EFHL and categorizes its key components. It identifies research gaps, highlights the

involvement of various stakeholders, and calls for further exploration of political and

sociocultural dimensions of EFHL. The review serves as a valuable resource for

policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in promoting healthy lifestyles and

creating health-friendly environments.

Additionally, Alhusaini et al. (2020) undertook a research to examine the

connection between academic achievement among middle and high school students and

body mass index (BMI), sedentary behavior, and physical activity (PA). With a 357

student sample and a mean age of 12.65 years, a cross-sectional research was conducted.
 21

Student PA and sedentary habits were evaluated using questionnaires, and the grade point

average (GPA) was utilized to assess their academic success. In accordance with their

GPAs, the students were divided into two groups. In terms of total screen time, total

sedentary time, and time spent viewing television, the study found no statistically

significant differences in BMI and PA levels between the two groups. Substantial

negative relationships among BMI, screens amount, and academic results were

established, showing that greater BMI and more screen time were related with worse

academic performance. However, considerable inequalities were detected in sedentary

behavior. Measures of PA were not significantly associated with academic achievement.

Based on these results, the research recommends that public health initiatives focus on

decreasing sedentary leisure activities like television viewing and internet usage since

they may have a detrimental effect on academic achievement.

On the other hand, Yang et al. (2022). did a study to look at the connection

between daily physical activity duration, screen usage, and academic achievement. The

sample size for the study was 9,449 Grade 8 students. The results of standardized

examinations in Chinese, Math, and English as well as statements to the Academic Life

Experience Scale were used to evaluate the students' academic achievement. According

to the findings, teenagers' academic performance is positively correlated with meeting the

suggested aerobics time and screen time restrictions listed in the leisure time restrictions

for Chinese Residents. More specifically, compared to those who did not fulfill the

suggested physical activity and screen time restrictions, participating in at least 60

minutes of active activity each day was associated with improved school life experiences.

Moreover, possessing less than 2 hours total per day spent on screens was linked to better
 22

school life experiences, higher math and English exam results, and both. Additionally,

males' academic achievement, including Chinese scores and school life experiences, were

significantly impacted more by fulfilling the suggested physical activity and screen time

limitations than girls' school life experiences were. Based on these results, the study

draws the conclusion that improving adolescent academic performance requires

participating in a minimum of sixty minutes of daily physical activity and keeping daily

screen usage to around 2 hours. scores in mathematics, Chinese, English, and general

school experiences.

In another study, Muzenda et al. (2022) undertook a study to look at the

quantitative epidemiological methods used to evaluate food and physical activity (PA)

variables among teenagers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), covering

behavior, knowledge, and awareness. EbscoHost, Scopus, and Web of Science were the

three databases that the researchers used to perform their systematic review. There were

292 research from LMICs in all, with 90% of them concentrating on behavioral

components and only a small number looking at knowledge and awareness. Self-

administered techniques were utilized in 78% of instances, and subjective judgments

were used the majority of the time (94%). Only 39% of the LMIC studies, however, made

use of these techniques in their particular circumstances. The results demonstrate the

necessity of creating and applying context-specific techniques to evaluate adolescent

nutrition and PA in LMICs. Future research should incorporate measures of knowledge

and awareness alongside behavioral constructs to gain a comprehensive understanding of

the epidemiology of diet and PA among adolescents. Additionally, there is a critical need

for more data on the validity and reliability of these assessment techniques for use in
 23

cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations, especially in the setting of LMICs. In

order to encourage healthy habits and improve public health outcomes, this study

emphasizes the significance of extending research on the prevalence of diet and PA

among teenagers in LMICs and enhancing evaluation methodologies.

Moreover, Ranjbar et al. (2021) sought to look into how closure and school

closure during the COVID-19 epidemic affected kids' lifestyle choices, especially their

leisure time and sleeping habits. In the southern Iranian province of Fars, students in the

first through the 12th grades were asked to complete an online survey from March 14

through March 31, 2020. Personal information, activity preferences, quarantine

compliance, attitude toward school closure, and sleep habits were all addressed by the

questionnaire. Having a mean age of 13.76 years, 20,697 answers to surveys were

received. 29.7% of participants were men, and the majority attended public schools

(83.3%) and metropolitan regions (80.6%). Mobile and computer gaming (30.1%) were

the most popular pastimes during the school shutdown, followed by researching (26.6%)

and enjoying television (13.8%). The majority of pupils followed There was a strong link

across level of education and the need for universities to remain closed until the

conclusion of the semester (P = 0.015) in regard to social distancing measures. The

majority of students (53.5%) stated that they slept for a total of twelve hours every day.

The study comes to the conclusion that the lockdown procedures used by the COVID-19

pandemic had a substantial impact on a number of student lifestyle factors, namely

elevated screen time and adjustments to sleep patterns and length. The authors advise the

ministries of Health and Education to create plans that address both the immediate
 24

impacts of the quarantine as well as any possible long-term repercussions on students'

psychological and mental health.

Furthermore, Chang-Hwan et al. (2021) did a study to look at how much exercise

college students get affects their levels of depression and interpersonal connections. The

purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of physical activity on the participants'

interpersonal relationships and mental health. The survey included a total of 525 college-

aged learners from five different Korean cities. Three primary measures were used in the

data collection: the Beck Depression Inventory to examine depression levels, the

International Questionnaire for Physical Activity for assessing physical activity volume,

and the Leary's Human Orientation Paper Test to assess interpersonal interactions.

Descriptive statistics, which are variables statistical analyses of reliability, one-way

analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the analysis of Pearson's correlation were all used in

the data analysis. The results showed that various activity level groups had significantly

varied behavioral, cognitive, and physical symptoms of depression. The sociometric

disposition components sympathetic-acceptable and sociable-friendliness, as well as the

expressive disposition elements competitive-aggressive and rebellious-distrustful, were

shown to vary amongst groups in terms of interpersonal interactions. In conclusion, the

study found statistical links between college students' levels of physical activity,

depression, and interpersonal connections. The findings imply that social relationships

and mental health can both be significantly influenced by physical exercise. The study

also highlights the need for more investigation into the precise physical activities that

college students engage in and their links to various psychological factors.

 25

Moreover, Davis et al. (2021) the link amongst Body Mass Index (BMI), body

dissatisfaction, and eating disorders among female university students of Indo- and Afro-

Caribbean descent. 570 individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 answered self-report

questionnaires about their eating habits, judgments of their weight, and body image.

Numerous statistical methods, such as evaluation of variations, regression models, and

descriptive discriminant analyses, were used in the data analysis. 67.5 percent of

individuals said they were happy with their physique overall. Participants who identified

as Afro-Caribbean reported feeling more satisfied with their bodies than those who

identified as Indo-Caribbean. The investigation also showed a link between BMI and

disordered eating and feelings of body dissatisfaction. Body-image issues and disordered

eating practices increased along with BMI. Participants who were classed in the category

of overweight revealed a greater amount of self- discontent and disordered eating than

those in other weight categories, despite the fact that the finding did not achieve

statistical significance. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to take BMI into account

while analyzing eating disorders and body dissatisfaction within Caribbean female

university students, especially those who are overweight or obese. A desire for a bigger

or "fluffy" body ideal has been shown in previous study on the Caribbean region,

particularly among Black women. To clarify the present body ideal supported by BMI

and ethnic classifications among Caribbean women, more research is necessary. among

conclusion, the study underlines how BMI affects eating disorders and body

dissatisfaction among Caribbean female university students. The results highlight the

significance of addressing these difficulties, particularly for those who are overweight or
 26

obese, and urge further investigation to learn more about existing body standards and

their associations with Obesity and ancestry among Caribbean women.

According to Laura Redondo-Flórez et al. (2022), Several investigations have

been carried out to examine the impact of various variables on students' academic

achievement. However, the majority of these research have largely ignored other

physiological factors that can potentially have an impact on academic performance in

favor of anxiety and sympathetic modulation response. Analysis of skeletal composition,

cardiovascular health, sleeping patterns, and physical activity parameters in connection to

university students' academic performance was the goal of the current study. The study

involved a total of 261 students who had earned undergraduate levels in intellectual

activity and sports science. The participants' average age was 22.49 3.84 years, their

average weight was 73.94 11.4 kg, their average height was 176.28 7.68 cm, and 87.7%

of them were men. Depending on how well they performed in the classroom, the pupils

were split into two groups the LAPG and HAPG, or low academic performance groups

and high academic performance groups, respectively. In addition to measuring body

composition, blood pressure, levels of physical activity, and sleep patterns, the study also

used the Cooper's 12-minute run test to assess maximal oxygen absorption. According to

the findings, kids who performed well in school had a higher VO2 max than the LAPG

(LAPG = 40.32 6.07; HAPG = 47.91 6.89 mL/kg/min; p 0.001). Additionally, the HAPG

had lower levels of sleeplessness brought on by breathing issues (LAPG = 0.37 0.8;

HAPG = 0.13 0.42 a.u.; p = 0.046) as well as lower diastolic blood pressure (HAPG =

67.48 13.50 mmHg; p 0.01) than the LAPG. The study concluded that there was a strong

correlation between academic performance and VO2 max, diastolic blood pressure, and
 27

breathing-related sleeplessness. These outcomes highlight the significance of putting into

action programs meant to strengthen these aspects, notably sleep and physical exercise

routines, in order to improve academic performance.

In summary, the studies discussed above underscore the significance of targeted

interventions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle practices across diverse populations.

By addressing specific factors such as physical activity levels, body dissatisfaction,

eating pathology, and physiological parameters, interventions can effectively reduce

health risks and enhance overall well-being. The findings emphasize the need for further

research in the development of tailored health promotion programs that can effectively

encourage and support healthy lifestyle behaviors among various populations. Such

interventions have the potential to make a substantial positive impact on public health

outcomes.

Food Habits. The effect of dietary choices on academic performance across

university students was investigated in a research by Reuter (2021). An anonymous

online survey that asked 577 undergraduate learners from a US institution about their

health-related activities and actual grade point average (GPA) was completed by the

participants. To examine if self-reported GPA was associated with distinct kinds and

patterns of monthly food and drink consumption, the study used ordinary least squares

regression. According to the results, intake quantities of milk, veggies, greenish salad,

fruit juice, and fresh fruit did not substantially affect self-reported GPA. But breakfast

eating was linked favorably to better ratings of grades, indicating a positive impact on

academic performance. On the other hand, consuming quick The association between

food and GPA was shown to be negative, indicating that frequent fast food intake was
 28

linked to poorer academic achievement. Although the study highlighted the beneficial

effects of good eating practices on academic achievement, it also made the case that other

elements, such as sleeping patterns, could be more important. Overall, the results showed

that eating habits might affect academic performance in university students, with

breakfast intake positively influencing performance while quick food consumption

negatively influencing performance.

Additionally, Farahbakhsh et al. (2016) did a study concentrating on college and

university students in wealthy nations who could encounter a lack of money for eating.

Students' capacity to study and do well in school may be jeopardized by food hardship

and bad health. This Canadian study sought to learn more about the connections between

individuals who accepted urgent food packages form the collage of Alberta's Campus

Food Bank and their ability to eat, nutritional situation, nutrition, self-perceived wellness,

and academic performance. Survey results from 58 pupils, a convenience sample, showed

that 10.3% of these students were dietary secure, 44.8% had moderate insecurity about

their diets, and 44.8% had severe food insecurity. Overall, 60.3% indicated at least one

negative academic outcome as a result of limited funding, while 32.8% evaluated their

overall health as fair or bad, 27.6% assessed their psychological condition as fair or poor.

for supper. The learners with significant food insecurity were more likely to have fair or

poor quality of life (normalized odds ratio (OR) 4.03, a 95% CI, 1.10-14.78), fair or poor

mental health (OR 4.96, CI 1.28-19.19), difficulty concentrating in class or while taking

exams (73.1% vs. 40.6%, 2 = 6.12, P = 0.013), dependency on food rations (34.6% vs.

9.7%, 2 = The study highlighted how students' health, diets, and academic performance

are all hampered by food poverty and noted that campus food banks solely are
 29

insufficient to solve student hunger. Programs and regulations at the federal, state, and

institution levels are required to enhance food security for college students.

Furthermore, Kalkan (2019) carried performed a research concentrating on the

youth, which is a vital time for the formation of novel traits and habits, including dietary

choices that may be impacted by classmates, social settings, knowledge of nutrition, and

other factors. The Adolescence Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), which has a Turkish

translation, was used in the study to gauge the degree of nutrition awareness among

university students. The Adolescents Food Behaviour Checklist (AFHC) was used to

assess eating habits, and the study looked at how nutrition education affected those

habits. 276 randomly chosen students from Istanbul Aydin University's Faculty of Health

Sciences participated in a cross-sectional descriptive research. Face-to-face interviews

were used to gather data while utilizing the ANLS and AFHC instruments. The gathered

information was examined. carried performed a research concentrating on the youth,

which is a vital time for the formation of novel traits and habits, including dietary choices

that may be impacted by classmates, social settings, knowledge of nutrition, and other

factors. The Adolescence Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), which has a Turkish

translation, was used in the study to gauge the degree of nutrition awareness among

university students. The Adolescents Food Behaviour Checklist (AFHC) was used to

assess eating habits, and the study looked at how nutrition education affected those

habits. 276 randomly chosen students from Istanbul Aydin University's Faculty of Health

Sciences participated in a cross-sectional descriptive research. Face-to-face interviews

were used to gather data while utilizing the ANLS and AFHC instruments. The gathered

information was examined. (P = 0.007). Female participants had better eating habits than
 30

male participants, according to their level of nutrition literacy. These findings highlight

the need of increasing nutrition awareness among both adults and children by indicating

that nutrition literacy has an effect on eating patterns.

Furthermore, Clerkin et al. (2020) did a study to look at the link between college

students' inadequate nutrition and food insecurity. By establishing a campus food pantry,

the goal was to increase college students' consumption of fruits and vegetables. 29

college students participated in the study and viewed weekly films on meal preparation

that featured important takeaways and low-cost recipes full of fruits and vegetables. In

accordance with the Cooking Counts Food Pantry Toolkit, participants were given a meal

plan and food to make at home. Implementing the Computerized Self-Administered 24-

Hour Dietary Assessment, prior to and after the intervention, data on a 24-hour dietary

recall were gathered. For a descriptive comparison analysis, repeated measure ANOVA

was used in the study. Female participants (n = 19) increased their daily intake of fruit

and vegetables by 1.3 cups, which was statistically significant (p .05) After the

intervention, men who participated (n = 10) consumed fewer fruits and vegetables. This

study showed that female college students using the food pantry had a variable behavior

of consuming more fruits and vegetables.

According to Yuhe Jiang et al. (2019), More Chinese college students than ever

before ordered takeout, which led to an increase in the incidence of obesity. The purpose

of the study was to investigate the associations between Chinese college students'

takeaway consumption and a variety of variables, including sex, height, weight, body

mass index (BMI), sport participation, liking for high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) meals,

major category, and degree level. Cross-sectional data on takeaway food consumption,
 31

workouts, and choice for HFHS meals were gathered from 1220 college students in the

Chinese city of Beijing using a self-reported questionnaire. The relationship between

ordering takeaway and personal and personality traits was investigated by the researchers

using a linear linear regression model. 11.6% of the 1220 college students in our sample

were overweight or obese. factors like possessing a Physical activity and frequency of

takeaway intake were not significantly correlated, although non-medical major, strong

affinity for HFHS cuisine, greater education level, and higher BMI were. Chinese college

students' takeaway consumption was shown to be influenced by their major, preference

for HFHS cuisine, degree level, and BMI. This study may offer suggestions for reducing

the excessive takeaway food intake that leads to the high prevalence of body fat and the

elevated risk of metabolic disorders.

In addition, Abraham (2018) Physical activity and frequency of takeaway intake

were not significantly correlated, although non-medical major, strong affinity for HFHS

cuisine, greater education level, and higher BMI were. Chinese college students'

takeaway consumption was shown to be influenced by their major, preference for HFHS

cuisine, degree level, and BMI. This study may offer suggestions for reducing the

excessive takeaway food intake that leads to the high prevalence of body fat and the

elevated risk of metabolic disorders. The majority of students admitted to eating

convenience items like biscuits, chips, and cereal in addition to fresh fruit. In comparison

to other activities, they claimed to use snack machines, smartphones, and drink less

frequently. As a whole, students had a reasonable awareness of their dietary

requirements, although they might not always have made the best meal choices. They

gave preference to taste and practicality while making decisions.

 32

On the other hand, Mohamed et al. (2020). University students may experience a

range of pressures on a regular basis. Previous research has demonstrated that

psychological stress has an effect on food preferences, although the effects may vary by

gender and geographic location. The association between stress and food choices among

university students has never been investigated in a research in Saudi Arabia. In order a

cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyad, Saudi

Arabia, with 400 students registered in the School of Applied Medical Sciences, in order

to examine the connection between perceived stress and meal preferences among

freshmen by gender. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of the following three

sections: sociodemographic, meal frequency, and Cohen's Rated Stress Scale. On

average, (59.0%) of Of the participants, approximately 64% of women and 54% of men

reported experiencing some level of stress. According to the univariate analysis, more

women (68.0%) than men (49.0%) said they ate more than usual when they were

stressed, whereas more women (23.0%) than men (31.0%) said they ate less than usual.

The McNemar test revealed that stress increases cravings for salty foods rather than being

associated with sex. Somewhat more women (82.0%) versus males (64.5%) reported

liking sweets while under stress. Men were more inclined than women to claim to enjoy

savory and bitter flavors. When stressed, men preferred takeaway while women preferred

home-cooked meals. More women (68%) than men (49%) reported losing power and

overeating as compared to males (49.0%). Using logistic regression Analysis showed that

frequent eating of desserts, cake/cookies, snacks, and drinks along with less regular

eating of fruits and vegetables were associated with feelings of stress among female

students. Men's feelings of stress were significantly positively correlated with eating meat
 33

and fast food. Perceived stress led to harmful changes in eating habits in both sexes, as

seen by claims of greater tastes for desserts, drinks, dessert, and pastries within females

and the consumption of fast foods and meat amongst males. These results could be

essential benchmarks for stress-related food consumption interventions.

In addition to Xie et al. (2019), it has been established that obesity is associated

with diabetes, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. With approximately 190 million

individuals worldwide classified as overweight or obese, the problem of obesity poses a

significant threat to human health. In order to examine the impact of specific We did a

cross-sectional research with 536 college pupils in Shijiazhuang, China, to examine the

impact of diets on bmi among Chinese college students. We looked examined the

correlation between participant replies and obesity in the survey's food habits section.

Our research found that gender, location, dining quickly, daily meal size, and a diet heavy

in sugar all had an impact on obesity. These findings imply that increasing the number of

meals eaten during the day, slowing down when eating, and avoiding high-sugar foods

may all help cut obesity rates among college students. Our research shows a link between

certain eating habits and the incidence of obesity among people in their college years.

Moroever, Khongrangjem et al. (2018), The processes used to prepare and process

fast food frequently use industrial procedures. Their research's objective was to evaluate

the attitudes and eating habits of Pre-University College students about fast food. They

used a design for a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured, self-administered

questionnaire to gather their data. A time-bound enumeration strategy was used to choose

research participants from among 160 Pre-University students. The findings revealed that

considering the effects of consuming fast food, 51 (31.87%) individuals had insufficient
 34

information, 67 (41.88%) had intermediate understanding, whereas 42 (26.25%) had

appropriate comprehension. The attractiveness of fast food was mentioned as the main

factor affecting consumers' intake by a large number of participants, 116 (72.5%), in their

responses. Although it has a good flavor, fast food is rich in calories and lacking in

important nutrients vitamins, minerals, fiber, and amino acids, for example. It could be

possible to lessen reliance on fast food by offering guidance on the value of nutritious

food and the drawbacks of eating it.

On the other hand, AlJaber et al. (2019) did a research to look at the connection

between stress and eating habits among medical students. Stress is a natural bodily

reaction to demands either the outside or the inside, and it frequently has a detrimental

effect on people's health. Because of the challenging aspect of one's preclinical education,

which entails multiple assignments, lectures, and seminars, medical students in particular

may feel significant levels of stress. The researchers wanted to assess how medical

students' eating patterns related to stress. This cross-sectional study, including a sample

size of 105 subjects and an average age of 21 years, was carried out among male Arabian

doctors studying at Al-Imam Muhammed Ibn Saud Islamic University. Data were

gathered via questionnaires with three sections. The study's results showed the

significance of putting into action particular intervention plans intended to lessen tension

among medical students. Three hypotheses were found to be true by the researchers:

freshmen have higher stress levels than sophomores and juniors; eating out frequently

increase the likelihood that students will eat unhealthy foods; and students who are

stressed out tend to eat more processed foods than those who are not stressed out. The

study also advocated for the creation of practical and well-structured university curricula,
 35

the adoption of a curriculum that encourages healthy eating within medical students, and

the division of continuous courses into blocks to lessen the academic strain on students.

In addition, Lanuza et al. (2020) did a research in Chile to look at the connection

between eating habits and students' quality of life (QOL). With an average lifespan of

18.7 years, the research had 1,212 volunteers from the Catholic University of La

Frontera. The participants filled out a cross-sectional self-report questionnaire to rate

overall QOL with the WHOQOL-BREF scale and their eating habits. The results

indicated that students with better eating habits had improved QOL. Specifically, eating

breakfast and cooking one's own meals were associated with positive outcomes across

various domains of QOL. The study also highlighted the risks associated with consuming

sugary snacks, which can negatively impact both physical health and the environment.

Fast food consumption emerged as a significant risk factor for physical health. The

findings demonstrated that different aspects of QOL were correlated with both healthy

and unhealthy eating behaviors. The study recommended that university administrators

take initiatives, such as the adoption of new norms and regulations, to enhance the QOL

of the whole university community.

In summary, the prominence of addressing food insecurity among college

students, must be considered by the school through promoting healthy eating habits.

These results highpoint the need for interferences aimed at fostering positive food habits

and ensuring access to nutritious meals among students. By addressing food insecurity

and promoting healthy eating behaviors, universities can positively impact students'

dietary choices and contribute to their overall physical and mental well-being. This can

be achieved through the creation of supportive environments on campus that prioritize

 36

affordable and nutritious food options, encouraging regular meals like breakfast, and

providing opportunities for students to develop the skills needed for cooking nutritious

meals. By taking these steps, colleges can create an environment that not only supports

academic success but also contributes to the overall health and happiness of their student

population.
 37

METHODS

This section went through the study's numerous elements that relate to the whole

research process, including the study concept, respondents, tools, and data technique for

data collection, statistical analysis, and moral concerns.

Research Design

For the study, the researchers utilized a descriptive design. A population,

situation, or phenomena is meant to be fully and properly described in descriptive

research. But why cannot be addressed together with what, where, when, and how. The

investigation of one or more variables may be done using a number of research methods

in a descriptive research plan. In descriptive research, as opposed to research that is

experimental, the variables are simply observed and evaluated (McCombes, 2019).

As researchers just wanted to identify the diverse lifestyle practices of marine

students, the current study uses a descriptive approach. Additionally, this approach may

help researchers learn how students manage their academic life and maintain their health.

In terms of food intake, food avoidance, and food approaches, this design may also reveal

the respondents' varied eating behaviors.

Respondents

The respondents of the study were the 199 3rd Year maritime students. There

were 132 BSMT and 67 BSMAR E students enrolled during the 2nd semester of
 38

academic year 2022-2023. Stratified random selection was used to identify the

respondents of the study. Raosoft calculator was used to solve for the sample size of the

study.

Table1. Distribution Table

Program N n %
BSMT 272 132 66.18
BSMarE 139 67 33.82
TOTAL 411 199 100.00

Instrument

The study utilized a student-made survey questionnaire, which was adapted and

modified based on the survey questionnaires of Baygi (2020), Pineda (2019), and Hunot

(2016), to collect data. The instrument consisted of two parts. In Part I, respondents were

asked to provide their profile information, such as their name (optional) and program of

study. Part IIA focused on the lifestyle practices of maritime students, consisting of 10

items. Part IIB examined the food habits of the participants, including food intake, food

approach, and food avoidance, with 10 questions each. The items in the second part were

rated on a four-point Likert scale, with the options Always (4), Often (3), Sometimes (2),

and Never (1). To ensure originality, appropriate references were made to the original

survey questionnaires by Baygi (2020), Pineda (2019), and Hunot (2016) as sources of

inspiration for the adapted and modified questionnaire used in this study.

The questionnaire underwent validation by three experts in the field, resulting in a

validity score of 4.22, indicating a "Very Good" level of validity. This confirms that the

questionnaire used in the study is valid. To assess reliability, the researchers conducted a

Reliability Testing by administering an online survey to 30 respondents who were not

 39

part of the 199 3rd-year BSMT and BSMarE students. The survey questionnaire was

distributed to the respondents through Google Forms, employing simple random

sampling. The reliability analysis revealed a Cronbach score of 0.883, which is

interpreted as "Good," indicating that the questions in the questionnaire are consistent.

Data Gathering Procedure

Initially, the researchers sought permission from the Dean of Maritime Studies,

VPAA, and VP for Maritime Studies to conduct an online research survey among the

maritime students. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the researchers proceeded

to identify the specific respondents to be included in the study. Subsequently, the targeted

respondents received an online orientation, which provided them with a detailed step-by-

step explanation of the survey's purpose. In the next step, the researchers utilized Google

Forms to distribute the survey questionnaire to the willing participants. This process was

facilitated with the consent and assistance of the class advisers. Lastly, once all the

respondents had completed the survey questionnaire, the researchers compiled the

collected data and handed it over to a statistician for thorough statistical analysis.

Statistical Treatment

In order to handle the data in the first study issue on the demographics of the

respondents, the researchers employed frequency and percentage. Additionally, rates and

proportions were employed to ascertain the respondents' lifestyle behaviors for study

problem number 2. In the third study issue regarding the respondents' eating habits, the

data were handled using the mean and standard deviation. The collected data were

statistically processed using the Statistics Program for the Social Scientists (SPSS).
 40

Ethical Considerations

The targeted respondents provided their willing assent after being fully informed.

The intended respondents were made aware that taking part in the study was entirely up

to them and that they may opt out if the questions or methodology made them feel

uncomfortable. So as to prevent its dissemination without the respondents' approval, the

information acquired from respondents was handled with respect by being kept secret. By

not requiring respondents to disclose their identities throughout the survey and by not

disclosing their identities without their permission, the researchers were able to protect

the respondents' anonymity. All research materials that comprised raw data collected

from respondents will be discarded of by erasing records and data in order to eliminate

any future potential of data retrieval.

 41

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section summarized the conducted survey with the respondents, presenting

the data analysis and interpretation. It is distributed into three parts: the profile of the

respondents, their lifestyle practices, and their food habits. The data was analyzed and

interpreted to gain insights into the characteristics and behaviors of the participants.

Profile of the Respondents

The survey involved 199 VMA Global College and Training Centers, Inc. third-

year maritime students in total. 132 responses to the BSMT (66.18%) and 67 to the

BSMAR E (33.82%) made up the participants. Utilizing stratified random sampling,

respondents were chosen for the study. Through Google Form, an inquiry was sent to

each participant.

Table 2 The table displayed the total number of respondents from the Maritime

who took portion in the study and the total sum of learners in each program.
 42

Lifestyle Practices of the respondents

Results on Table 3 were the lifestyle practices of the 199 maritime respondents

with their corresponding frequencies and percentages. There are 80 responses for

drinking alcoholic beverages (40.20%), 191 responses for eating nutritional foods

(95.97%), 91 responses for interpersonal relationship (45.72%), 16 responses for risky

sexual behaviors

(8.04%) and 132 responses for handling stress (66.33). Base on the table, there are

31 responses for overeating (15.57%), 118 responses for regular physical exercise

(59.30%), 71 responses for spiritual engagement (35.68%), 29 responses for smoking

(14.57), and responses for values mental health (50.75%).

The findings showed that the students were maintaining healthy lifestyles, which

were largely motivated by their desire to keep their bodies in shape in order to pursue

jobs as sailors. The pupils showed knowledge of the fact that academic achievement

alone is not the main criterion for selection as a cadet in some nautical businesses. Along

with satisfying the essential medical standards as evidenced by their laboratory

examinations, the selection procedure heavily weighted body composition measurements,

particularly BMI.

Physical activity was determined to be an essential aspect of sustaining a healthy

lifestyle, especially for marine students whose careers need them to be physically fit and

resilient. The results of the current survey, which showed a predilection for physical

exercise of 59.30% among marine students. According to this research, maritime students
 43

were more likely to involve in physical doings, which is indicative of their general health

and wellbeing.

In contrast, a research by Alfhaid et al. (2017) found that just 37.6% of

respondents preferred bodily activity. The discrepancy in the results might be clarified by

a number of variables, such as sample size, research methodology, and cultural

variations. However, it is important to footnote that the maritime students in this study

showed a higher propensity for physical exercise, showing their good physical health.

The majority of participants in the current study reported having healthy eating

habits, with a result of 95.97%. According to a research by Alfhaid et al. (2017), 78% of

respondents had healthy eating habits, which is in line with this conclusion. These

comparable findings imply that eating habits are generally healthy for marine students

and benefit their overall health and wellbeing.

The study's results are consistent with the tenets of the health lifestyle hypothesis,

which contends that a person's lifestyle decisions, behaviors, and attitudes toward health

have an influence on their general health. According to the study's findings, marine

students place a high priority on leading healthy lifestyles, which include eating a

balanced diet, reducing stress, exercising frequently, and caring for their mental well-

being. These lifestyle choices were seen as crucial to their quest for a profession in the

marine sector. Table 3 gives a summary of the identified lifestyle activities and the

proportion of respondents who engaged in each behavior. The study's findings generally

concur with the health lifestyle hypothesis and emphasize how crucial these practices are

for marine students to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

 44

Food habits of respondents

The results in Table 4 indicate the degree of dietary habits practiced by marine

students. With a mean score of 2.67, maritime students as a whole frequently adopt

specific dietary habits in their daily lives. According to the findings, maritime students

had a mean score of 2.79 for Food Intake (interpreted as Often). Food Approach and

Food Avoidance, with mean scores of 2.79 and 2.44, are also often performed in school.

Individuals in the marine business must maintain a healthy lifestyle since

performing jobs involves both physical and mental fitness. Certain eating habits, such as

food consumption, have a crucial impact in influencing the general health of maritime

students in this respect. To qualify for some shipping firms' cadet programs, students at
 45

maritime schools must follow a strict diet and maintain a standardized body mass index

(BMI). Monitoring marine students' dietary habits is critical to ensuring that they eat a

balanced and nutritious diet. This would allow them to maintain their health, improve

their cognitive function, and increase their chances of being employed by shipping

businesses. The marine profession is competitive, and shipping corporations frequently

favor selecting cadets who have a healthy lifestyle. As a result, kids with good eating

habits and a standardized BMI have a better chance of getting hired by these firms.

The Philippine national combat athletes were the subjects of a research by Pineda

et al. (2021), and it was discovered that the athletes had a high level of nutritional

comprehension, scoring an average of 88.1%. Along with having good eating habits, the

sportsmen scored an average of 3.42 out of 4. They made sure to eat enough of fruits,

vegetables, lean protein sources, and nutrient-rich grains while avoiding meals that were

high in sugar and fat. The results of the study done on maritime students are consistent

with these findings, which show that unique eating patterns, such food avoidance and

food approach, were often seen. According to the study, a variety of variables, including

convenience, social standards, and a lack of availability to healthy food alternatives, have

an impact on students' eating habits, especially those in the marine industry.These results

highlight the importance of educational institutions giving students, even marine students,

access to nutritious food alternatives and encouraging good eating practices. The general

health and well-being of pupils may be enhanced as a result of this.

The outcomes of the study by Hunot et al. (2016) titled "Appetitive traits and

relationships with BMI in adults: Development of the Adult Eating Behaviour Survey"

are pertinent to the preceding discussion about the eating habits of marine students. The
 46

research of marine students found that both food approach and food avoidance behaviors

were common among the students. In line with this, Hunot et al. (2016) created the Adult

Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ) to evaluate adults' BMI and appetitive qualities,

such as how they approach and avoid eating.The AEBQ assesses four aspects of appetite:

external eating, emotional eating, food avoidance, and food approach. According to the

study's findings, a higher BMI is linked to better scores on the food approach and

external eating scales. As a result, maritime students who regularly participate in food

approach behaviors may be more likely to have a higher BMI, which may have

detrimental effects on their health and prospective job opportunities within the marine

business.

A psychological paradigm called the social cognitive theory (SCT) looks at how

people develop and hold onto behavioral patterns as a result of interactions with their

environment, internal factors, and cognitive processes. It places a strong emphasis on

how social learning and self-control shape a person's conduct.According to the study's

findings, students frequently choose nutritious foods in order to keep up their fitness.

Additionally, the actions of their peers may have an impact on their dietary preferences.

Students are more prone to emulate the habits of their peers who are exhibiting great

appetites for particular meals. Individuals may notice a decline in their own food

consumption, on the other hand, while under stress or feeling unappetizing. In

conclusion, the findings show the role of social influences and individual characteristics

on students' food choices and eating behaviors and corroborate the concepts of the social

cognitive theory.
47
48
 49

CONCLUSION

The study on maritime students revealed a positive attitude towards their dietary

habits and overall health. These students prioritize a balanced diet and make adjustments

to their food intake as needed. The findings underscore the significance of promoting

healthy habits and providing tailored nutrition education for maritime students.

Equipping them with knowledge and skills can enhance their well-being and contribute to

their success as seafarers. Cultivating a culture of healthy eating among maritime

students is vital for their physical and mental resilience in their maritime careers. This

study emphasizes how crucial it is to promote their overall health for the best

performance at sea.

Based on the findings of this study, the following approvals are made:

Occupational, Safety and Health Office. The OSHO must develop initiatives that

work with canteen operators to prepare nutritional cuisine for students. Furthermore,

OSHO might use the findings to improve students' interpersonal involvement in order for

them to become holistically healthy. The agency might also enact policies and procedures

to foster healthy living and good eating habits among marine students.

Maritime Students. Students should maintain a healthy lifestyle and decent eating

habits in their daily lives. They must not only think about undertaking healthy activities,

but they must also start doing them and making tiny improvements each day.
 50

Furthermore, students must be conscious of the sorts of food they consume. They may

want to examine the nutritional data before eating.

Future Researchers. This survey can aid as a starting point for coming researches

to learn about the dietary preferences and lifestyle choices of all VMA students, not only

marine students. They must see monitoring the pupils' spiritual and social development as

crucial components of maintaining good health.

 51

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 54

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AND FOOD

HABITS OF MARITIME STUDENTS

Dear Respondents,
We are collecting information essential for our study titled ―Lifestyle Practices and Food
Habits of Maritime Students‖. Please respond to this survey as sincerely as you
can. Rest assured that your answers will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.

Thank you so much for your cooperation.

The Researchers
PART I. RESPONDENT’S PROFILE
Direction: Check the circle that corresponds to your answer.
1. Program
o Bachelor of Science in Marine Transport (BSMT)
o Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering (BS MAR-E)
PART II. SURVEY PROPER
A. Lifestyle Practices
Directions: Check all that applies to your lifestyle as maritime student (Baygi et.al.
2020)
o Drinking Alcoholic beverages
o Eating nutritional foods
o Interpersonal Relationship
o involved in risky Sexual Behaviors
o Knows how to handle stress
o Overeating
o Regular physical exercise
o Spiritual Engagement
o Smoking
o Values mental health
o Others please specify:______________
 55

B. Food Habits
Directions: Use the Likert Scale shown below to rate the extent to which you eat or drink
the following items Pineda et.al (2019).

4-Always
3-Often
2-Sometimes
1-Never
Food Intake 4 3 2 1
1. vegetables
2. fruits
3. carbonated drinks/softdrinks
4. dairy products
5. sweets
6. alcoholic beverages
7. fish
8. junk foods such as curls, chips etc.
9. fiber rich foods/grains such as oat meals, brown rice etc.
10. fast food

Directions: Use the Likert Scale shown below to rate the extent to which you do the
following items by Hunot et.al (2016).
4-Always
3-Often
2-Sometimes
1-Never
Food Approach 4 3 2 1

1. If I feel so hungry; I have to eat something right away.

2. `

3. I feel hungry when I am with someone who is eating.

4. I am always thinking about food.

 56

5. I eat more when I'm angry.

6. I eat more when I'm upset.

7. I eat more when I'm anxious.

8. I love food

9. I enjoy eating.

10. I look forward to mealtimes.

Food Avoidance 4 3 2 1

1. I get full up easily.

2. I refuse new foods at first.

3. I eat less when I'm upset.

4. I eat less when I'm angry.

5. I eat less wben I'm anxious.

6. I cannot eat meal if I have a snack just before.

7. I leave food on my plate at the end of a meal.

8. I get full before my meal is finished.

9. I get full before my meal is finished.

10. I eat less when I'm worried.

End of questionnaire. Thank you very much.

 57

APPENDIX B
VALIDITY RESULTS
58
 59

APPENDIX C
RELIABILITRY RESULTS
 60

APPENDIX D
INFORMED CONSENT
 61

Printed Names and Signatures of the Study Respondents

62
63
 64

APPENDIX E
LETTERS TO JURORS/DEAN/VPAA, ETC.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
 78

APPENDIX F
ACCOMPLISHED CERTIFICATE TO CONDUCT STUDY
 79

APPENDIX G

ENDORSEMENT FOR PRE- ORAL DEFENSE

 80

APPENDIX H

ENDORSEMENT FOR FINAL DEFENSE

 81

APPENDIX I

CERTIFICATION FOR GRAMMAR CHECK

 82

APPENDIX J

CERTIFATION FOR ORIGINALITY TESTING

83
 84

APPENDIX K

CERTIFICATION FOR ETHICS REVIEW

 85

APPENDIX L

CURRICULUM VITAE

ACE S. FLORES
Sitio Stop Aguinaldo,
Brgy. San. Isidro Toboso Negros Occidental
aceflrs17@gmail.com | +639532281870

Personal Information

Profile

Age: 21 yrs old Gender: Male

Birthplace: Manila Valenzuela City Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single Height: 5’7 ft
Religion: Catholic
Birth Date: June 23, 2002 Weight: 55 kg

Educational Background Year

College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Negros Occidental
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

Toboso National High School 2017- 2018
Toboso Negros Occ

Senior Highschool,
Mt. Carmel College Inc. 2019-2020
Escalante City Negros Occidental
Graduated with honors

Elementary School,
Stop Aguinaldo Elementary School 2013-2014
Brgy. San. Isidro Toboso Negros Occidental
 86

LANBERT T. GANDECILA
Brgy. Asia Hinobaan Negros Occidental
lanbertgandecila@gmail.com | +639272031257

Personal Information

Profile

Age: 22 yrs old Gender: Male

Birthplace: Hinobaan Negros Occidental
Civil Status: Single Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Catholic Height: 5’7 ft
Birth Date: March 10, 2001
Weight: 55 kg

Educational Background Year

College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

St. Michael Academy 2017- 2018
Hinobaan Neg. Occ.

Senior Highschool,
St. Michael Academy 2019-2020
Hinobaan Neg. Occ.

Elementary School,
Asia Elementary School 2013-2014
Brg.Asia Hinobaan Neg. Occ.
 87

GEPANAGO, JOEL JR. T.

Purok. Bulaw
Brgy. Central Tabao Valladolid Negros Occidental
gepanagojoeljr@gmail.com | +639100958259

Personal Information

Profile

Age: 24 yrs old Gender: Male

Birthplace: Valladolid Negros Occidental
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born Again Height: 5’7 ft
Birth Date: June 27, 1999 Weight: 55 kg

Educational Background Year

College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

Tabao National High School 2015- 2016
Valladolid Neg. Occ.

Senior Highschool,
Tabao National High School 2018-2019
Valladolid Neg. Occ.

Elementary School,
Tabao ElementarySchool 2011-2012
Brgy. Tabao Proper Valladolid Neg. Occ.
 88

JOSHRENO T. GERONA
Prk. Fatima
Brgy. Sum ag, Bacolod City Negros Occidental
gjoshreno@gmail.com | +63 9120856706

Personal Information

Profile
Age: 22 yrs old Gender: Male
Birthplace: Bacolod City
Civil Status: Single Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Catholic Height: 6’2 ft
Birth Date: December 8, 2000 Weight: 80 kg
Educational Background Year
College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2017- 2018
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.

Senior Highschool,
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2019- 2020
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.

Elementary School,
Sum-ag Elementary School 2013-2014
Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
 89

Oco France Ruschel M.

Sitio Ilaya
Brgy. Rumirang Negros Occidental
franceruschelo@gmail.com | +639285470493

Personal Information

Profile

Age: 21 yrs old Gender: Male

Birthplace: Isabela Negros Occidental
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Catholic Height: 5’11 ft
Birth Date: September 16, 2001 Weight: 72 kg

Educational Background Year

College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

La Consolacion College- Isabela 2017- 2018
Isabela Neg. Occ.

Senior Highschool,
La Consolacion College-Isabela 2019-2020
Isabela Neg. Occ.
Graduated with honors

Elementary School,
Rumirang Elementary School 2013-2014
Brgy. Rumirang Neg. Occ.
 90

Alster A. Regala
Purok Acacia,
Brgy. Zone 4 yanson st. Pulupandan Negros
Occidental
alsterregala25@gmail.com | +639162655698

Personal Information

Profile

Age: 23 yrs old Gender: Male

Birthplace: Dr's Hospital Bacolod City
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Catholic Height: 5’10 ft
Birth Date: September 25, 1999
Weight: 75 kg
Educational Background Year

College
VMA Global College and Training Center’s Inc. 2022-2023
Earl Carol St., Brgy Sum ag, Bacolod City Neg. Occ.
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Junior High School

Our Lady of Lourdes Academy 2017-2018
Pulupandan Neg. Occ.

Senior Highschool,
Our Lady of Lourdes Academy 2019-2020
Pulupandan Neg. Occ.

Elementary School,
Pulupandan East Elementary School 2013-2014
Brgy. Zone 4 Pulupandan Neg. Occ.