A STUDY GUIDE in PHYSICS 1 (2nd Mastery)
Terms
Mass- quantity of an object
Weight- force of gravity that acts upon mass
Force- an influence that causes an object to change its velocity, direction, or
shape, a push or pull.
Work- the transfer of energy to or from an object when an external force
moves the object over a distance.
Inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion,
whether it's at rest or moving.
Friction- the force that resists motion when the surface of one object comes
in contact with the surface of another.
Density- an expression of how dense or tightly compact a material is.
Tension- is the pulling or stretching force transmitted axially along an object
such as a string, rope, chain, rod, truss member, or other object
Gravity- the force that keeps us grounded and it attracts a body towards the
center of the earth or any other physical body having mass.
Normal force- the component of a contact force that is perpendicular to the
surface that an object contacts.
Free-body diagram- a visual representation of the forces acting on an object
in a given situation.
Static friction- refers to the force that prevents relative motion between two
contacting surfaces when they are at rest.
Air resistance- the force that acts in the opposite direction to an object
moving through the air.
Energy- the ability to do work or cause change.
Chemical energy- is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a
transformation through a chemical reaction or to transform other chemical
substances.
Potential energy- is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a
transformation through a chemical reaction or to transform other chemical
substances.
Kinetic energy- the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.
Mechanical energy- sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and
the potential energy, or energy stored in a system by reason of the position
of its parts.
Law of Conservation of Energy- The law of conservation of energy states
that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one
form of energy to another.
Efficiency- the ratio of the useful energy output of a system to the total input
energy transferred to that system.
Power- is a measure of the work that can be done by a force in a given
amount of time.
Newton- unit of work and energy
Joule- unit of power.
Laws of Motion
1. Law of Inertia – An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in
motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force. It is
a property of a body to resist changes of its state of motion.
2. Law of Acceleration- Newton's second law of motion states that F = ma, or net force
is equal to mass times acceleration. A larger net force acting on an object causes a larger
acceleration, and objects with larger mass require more force to accelerate.
The acceleration is equal to the net force divided by the mass. If the net force acting on an
object doubles, its acceleration is doubled. The terms "mass" and "weight" are used
interchangeably in ordinary conversation, but the two words don't mean the same thing.
The difference between mass and weight is that mass is the amount of matter in a material,
while weight is a measure of how the force of gravity acts upon that mass.
3. Law of Interaction (Action-Reaction)
Newton s Third Law - When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts
a force on the first object that is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction; for every action,
there is an equal, but opposite reaction; called the law of action-reaction.
