Γ ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ ΤΕΛΙΚΟ - blog

-1
http//mathhmagic.blogspot.com
-2
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,......
= {0,1,2,3,4,...} .
.
= ..... 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2,1, 0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7.........
.
(
, ,
0 )
5 6
,

3 13
55 +7 5
55 55 +7
7 5 5

, ,
,
= ,
= ,
=
17 3
4
17 17 3
3
4 4
2, 5 , 2 =
2
5
, 5 =
1
1
0.2, 2.3 , 0.2 =
2
23
, 2.3 =
10
10
( 6.3445454545454..
___
45 6.34 45 )
-3
, ,
. :
( )
( )
( )

:
i) + = + = ( )
i) (+)+ = +(+) ()=() ( )
iii) +0 1=
0 1
/.
iv) :
+ (-)=0 , ( )
= 1 ,

i) + = + = ( )
ii) = = ( )
iii) ( + ) = + ( )
- =+(-)
:
iv) ( ) =
v) ( + )( + ) = + + +
-4
.
:
-= +(-)
:
: =
, 0
,
0 ().
..
.
. :
, 0
=
, < 0
7 = 7, 27 = 27,
3 3
= ,0 =0
4 4
-5
( ) ( ) :
, = 1
=
a.......a , > 1
1, = 0, 0
- : =
( ) =
, , 0
= +
= : =
= ( )
= ( ) : = ( : )

( ) =
= =
: 5 5 ( 5) 2 = 52
( 0 ,
() = ,
2
( = ) ( )2 = .
0 = 0 0.
-6
16 ,
16 = ( > 0 )
= 16 . +4 -4 -4
2
16 = 4 .
, > 0
2 = = 0, = 0
, < 0
= , .
2 = >0.
, .

.
( )
.
1
1 3
3
3
=
=
=
2
3
3
3 3 ( 3)
.
> , >0
> >0
< < 0 = - = 0
:

-7
> 1 >
< 1 <
= 1 =
1. > < .
2. < . 1 2
.
3. . < <
.
4 . : > = .

) > + > + , , .
>
- > 0 ( )
-+- > 0 ( + )
+- - > 0 ( -+=+- )
+-(+)> 0 ( ( + )= - )
+>(+) ( 2 ( +) )
) > > > ( )
> - > 0
> - > 0 - + > 0 > 0 >
) > > + > + ( )
> + > + ( )
> + >+ ( )
:
+ > +> + + > +
) > 0 > > ( /

> > 0() > 0 ( ) ( ) > 0

:
-8
> 0 >
) <0 > < ( /
.)
> > 0() <0 ( ) ( ) < 0

< 0 <
) < > > . ,,, /

> >0 > (1)

> > 0 < (2) (1) , (2) > > > .
, .
. > 0 > 0 + > 0
. < 0 < 0 + <0
. , >0 : = / > 0 0
. , < 0 := / <0 0
. 0 2 > 0 .
, 0 ( > 0) :
<
>
<
,

<0
<0
1 1
1 1
<0 >0 >

-9

+ > 0 > - ( - ,
)
1. > 0 , > - / > - : ( / 1/)
2. < 0 , < - / > - : ( / 1/)
3. = 0 , 0 > - ) ( - < 0 )
) , ( - > 0)
:
i) 3 x 21 < 0
ii) 3( x 2) < 3 x 13
iii) 2( x 1) 3 2 x 5
21
x<7
3
ii) 3( x 2) < 3 x 13 3 x 6 < 3 x 13 3 x 3 x < 6 13 0 < 7, .
iii) 2( x 1) 3 2 x 5 2 x 2 3 2 x 5 2 x 2 x 5 + 2 + 3 2 x 2 x 5 + 5 0 0 .
i) 3 x 21 < 0 3 x < 21 x <
( )
( )
1. .<0 :
. >0,>0
. <0.<0
. >0 ,<0
. =0,>0 . >0 =0
2. +>0 .<0 || < || :
. >0>
. <0<
. >>0
. 0<<
. =0 >0
3. +=0 0< :
. <<0
. <<0
. <0<
. ==0
. >0>
4. , . = 0 :
. ,=0
. =0 =0
. .
=0
. =2 =4
. ,
5. , , =0 0 :
.
.
. ,
. =0 ,
.
- 10
6. 0
.=3 =17
7.
. =10 =-12
= 0 0 :
. = 0 =
8.
. ==10
. =0 =0
=1 +=20 :
. =0 =20
. =0 0
. =1 =19
. =1 0
. ==1
7
=
0
5
. =7 =5
. =5 =7
. =12
. 7 = 5
9. , , , = = :
. . = +
. 2 = 2
. . = .
. + = -
10. , , , = = :
. .=+
. 2 = 2
. 2 = ..
. - = +
. =14 =8
. 2 = ..
. +=+
11. || >|| :
. +>0
. + < . .
.
12. > 1 .=1 () :
. = .
.
. | | = ||
. >
13. , , = 0 :
. + = + =+
. = = =0
. 2 = . . -- = 0
( )
( )
1.
.
2 . - = .
3 . , +=0 .
4.
, = .
5.
, =1 || = || .
6.
1 = + 1 1 / .
7. , 0 /=0 = .
8. , =0 =0 .
9.
.
10. , , =2011 0 0 0.
11. 1 -1 .
12.
, 0 ,
=2 =8 =4, .
- 11
13. , || + || = 7 = = -3,5 .
14. , , + + 3 .
15. 3 + 1 .
16. 2 + 1 .
( )
.

( - )-4
+{-[-(-)]}
(-)
(-2)+ (-5)
-+
( +)-2
0,25 -
(-)
(-)+
(-):4
-4-
( )
1) :
i)
7 3
1
+7 3
8 2
2
ii)
3
1
5
1
( ) + ( ) ( )
4
2
8
4
2)
i) ( 44) : 4 + 12 5 + 4( 2) + 11 =
ii) ( 12 + 15) : ( 3) + (4
1
3) : 4
2
3) , :
i) ( 4)( 1)( 7)( 9)( +4) =
ii) ( 10)( 5)(10) : ( 2)(1)( +4)
4)
2 10
3 6
i)
2
1 +
3
1
1
1
1 1
1
2+
2
ii) 3
+
1
1
1
1+
1+
1+
3
2
4
3
1
: ( )
1 1
4
2
iii) (1 ) : ( 1)
4 1
1
4 2
( ) : ( )
3 2
3
1+
- 12
5)
= 12 3 3 7 + 2 3 4 9 2 4 5 + 3
1
=
2
( )
( )
1. (7 1 )5 :
. 78
. 7 35
. 7 2
1
75
. -159
2. (2 3 ) 0 :
. 230
. 2 3
. 1
1
23
. -1
3. , = 1 :
. <0 =+2
. v=1 <0 . =0 =
. 0 =
4. >0 >1 ( ) :
.-=(-)
. ( ) +1 = +1 . ( ) + 2 = +1
( 1) +1 = ( )
+1
(1)
. =0
+2
= ( )
5. () :
. + 2
. 2 +
. 2
. ( ) 2
6. = ( ) , >0, , :
. =
. ==1
. ==1
. =+1
.
7. =(-1)+3 :
.
. . ()
. >0 . >0
8 3 2
:
4 1 4
2
2
. 2 . 7
. 2 7 1 .
8. =
.
- 13
()
( )
1. 2 : = 2 1
2 . ( ) =
3
4
3+4
7
3. 5 +5 = 5 = 5
0
4. ( 5) = 1
5 . 2 1 : 1 =
6. 2+2 = 2(+) == =2 .
7. <0 ( 5 ) 2 < 0 , .
8. > 0 < 0
9 . , = = .
10. (-) = -1 0 .
11. , (-1) = -(-1) (.. v=12 =13)
12. = ( 1) 2 1 + ( 1) 2 + ( 1) + 2 + ( 1) 2 +1 = 0
()
1. .
A -
( 2 ) +1 = 8
3
-3
0, ( )7 + = 1
-5
0
(( ) ) 1 = ( )3
5
-6
5 ( 2 ) 1 =
+6
+7
( 2 ) 1 = 2
-7
- 14
2. .

()
1/
1/
-1
(: )
()
1) .
1
3
i) (2)5 , 25 ii) (8)8 , 88 ii) ( ) 6 ,36

2)
i )(3) 4 36
ii )(5)3 52 (5)4
iii )(1.5)2 (1.5) 5
1
1
iv)(0.25)8 ( )0 ( ) 7
4
4
3)
i )[(2) 2 ]5
1 3 2
)]
10
iii )[(0.5)3 ]3
ii )[(
iv )[(42 ) 3 ]0
- 15
4) :
(14)3 (27)3
+
52
3
3
7
9
9
10
(5) 2
1
ii ) 9 7 [2 1 ( ) 2 ]1
2 5
5
i)
5) :
(3)3 + 25 + (2)3
(2)4
=
: 4
(4)2 52
2 + (3)3
6) :
i )324 = 10242 = 410

1
1
ii )( ) 36 = 2712 = ( ) 9
3
81
[(a 2 3 ) 1 (a 3 ) 2 ]2
7) =
,
(a3 ) 3
.
8) .
i )316 = 3 34 +1
ii )(0.2)3 5 = 1252
1
iii )(2) + 2 ( ) = 32
4
+3
iv)4
=1
9) :
= 2 5 (2)3
= 403 (0.25)3
(27)3
=
33
= [(34 ) 3 ]4
10 )
=
=
( 2 )5 7
15
( 3 )5 15
( 1 y 1 z )2
=
4 z 4
(2)7 x3 y 2
= 6 3 2 1
2 (x y )
- 16
11) :
=
.......
1995
1995
+1
1
+1
1
1994
+1
+ ... +
1
1
+ 2
+ ...
+1 +1 +1 +1
+
, 0, 1
12) :
= 55 + 55 + 55 + 55 + 55 .
2)
i)A= [ 5 ( 22 3)] [ (52 24 )]}

ii) =
(10)(1)4 (2) 2 (3)

(5)(22 )
+
+
(1)(5)
(2)(+3) (42 ) : (2) 2
13) :
(5)3 (+25) 4 (5)5 = 57

( )
( )
1. 2 = :
. >0
. < 0
.
2. ( 1 ) :
. 1
.-1
. 0
. -|1|
. ||>0
. 2
3. , 2
:
. 0,
. - 0
. - 0
. ||
4. ,
) :
.
. 2+1
5.
.
2 +1 (
. . 0
, 0 , ::
.
6. ( 2 +1 ) 2 = ( ( 2 +1 ) 2 , 0 :
.
. 2
7. ( 2 ) 2 = ( 2 ) 2 :
.
- 17
8. ,
.=0
2 =
. .
2 = :
9. , >0 ,
.
. .
10. , ,
(5 3 ) 2 +1
() :
. ,
5
3
5
3
. ,
11. = 3 2 :
.
42
. 4
32
18
12
12.. = 50 :
. 5 2
. 502
. 50:2
.12 4
. 25 2
13 . 7 3 2 3 = :
. 5 6
. 5 3
. 5 0
. 0
14 .
2
:
13
. 0.5 13
2 13
13
. 0
13
26
15. > 0 ( ) 1 :
.
. +
. 0,
16. , ( )( + ) :
. +
. -
. 0,
. 2 2
. 2
- 18
( )
)
1.
2.
16 + 50 = 8 2
3.
2 =
4.
2 = , 0
5.
(3)2 = 3
6.
9 = 3
7. ( 3) 2 = 3
8.
1 = 1 , 0
9.
2
= 2
2
10.
1
3
=
3
3
11.
( ) 2 = ,
12.
(7) 2 = 7
13.
2
= 1, 0
()
1)
i ) 13 + 4 13 6 13
ii ) 3 27
iii ) 5 6 30
iv)
6
17
68
6
v)
14 21
6
- 19
2)
i ) 24 + 54 + 96
ii )2 20 + 45 + 5 5
iii )2 3 4 12 24 2 4 6
iv) 3( 12 + 27 )
v)3 5 + 4 20 5 45
3)
8+ 8
2
3 3 + 12
ii )
3 1
i)
7 + 98
14
5 + 10
iv)
1+ 2
iii )
4) (
)
1
3
11 24 27
,
,
,
7 12
6
24
5)
i )( 2 5)( 2 + 5)
ii )( 2 1)( 2 + 1)
iii )( 7 1)( 7 + 1)
6)
i ) 14 + 1 + 7 + 4
ii ) 20 + 21 + 2 1 + 9
iii ) 2 + 2 + 3 + 1
- 20
7)
i)
6 5
ii )
17 16
iii )
20 4
6+ 5
17 + 16
20 + 4
8) , ,
A=
a 3 + a 3
= 2 + 2
9) = 5 :
A = (5 )(5 + )
=
45 3
+2
10) 14 + 2 13 1 + 13
11) :
(1 + 3)2
(1 3) 2
+
=2
3
3
12) = 5 2 2 5 = 5 2 + 2 5 :
+,- ,

, +

13)
A=
6 30 56 15 42 16
10 21 48 12 24 35
( )
( )
1. , >, / -2 :
. -2<-2
. -2>-2
.-2 = -2
.-2 -2
.-2 -2
2
2. > / 0 :
. 2 < 2 . 2 2 . 2 = 2 . 2 < 2 . 2 2
3. < / 2 0 :
. 2 < 2 . 2 2 . 2 = 2 . 2 < 2 . 2 2
4. > :
:
- 21
. >0 0 . -<0
. /=1
. />1
. /<1
5. > > ,, :
. <
. +>+ . >
. <
. 2>-
6. +>0 <0 :
. >0
. >
.</
. <-:
. >
( )
1. 1<<2 3<<5 :
i) +
ii) -
iii)
iv) -2
v) :3
v) 2+3-1
2. N
-2(-5) < 7 2,5+
<5,5
( - ) ( )
1. , > :
i) 1,
ii)

,1,
+
2. 0 < < 1 :
3. > 1 :
1 +1
,
, 0, 1,1,
2
, , , 0,1
( )
1) < 3 y , :
)2(+2y) 10y
)3(y+x) 4
2) >0 y <0
=3-2[2-[2(-y)-y]-y]
3) 1 < < 2 2< y <3 ,
) +
1
2
) 2 + 3
)
) y
)y 2
)2 + 3 y
:
- 22
4 -2 2,
-2 < < 2 -1 1 , -1 < < 1 .
:
) )
) + ) 2 3 + 4 ) 2 + 2
5)
3
13 1
(4 x 3)
2
8 6
)6(2 x 7) < 15( x + 2)
)7(4 x 3) 3(8 x 7) > 1
2 x 4x 3
)
<
3
2
x+3 x+2
)
>
2
3
)4 x >
6) :
)( x + 4)( x 2) > 0
)( x 1)(1 x) < 0
7))
x + 1 2x
x
1
x 4 2 x + .
2
5
2
2
) .:
0<
x 1 x
x
7x
5
1 + x
1 < +
2
3
2
6
8) :
1
3
)0 2 + 2
1
6
) 2 2 + 2
10) <1 >1 ,
+>1+
11) >1 , :
)>0 )
3 >
-
.
.
.
:
- 23
-
()
2
x+a+ y
. 4 + 2 y 2 , x3 y,
5
z y

() ()
. .. A = 4 x + 2 y 2 x = 1 y = 2
A = 4 x + 2 y 2 = 4( 1) + 22 = 0

3y
, ..
2ax

2ax 0 .

()
,
.. 5 x3 2 x ( 5 7x )

>0.
.

5
, .. 5a 2 , yz 4 , 4 7 y
7

( )

.
5a 2
a 2
5
yz 4
7
5
7
yz 4
4 7 y
4 7
- 24
2
, .. 7 x 3 yz 2 , x 3 yz 2 .
3
( )
, .. 4 x 3 yz 2 ,
16 3 2
x yz
4
.
0 () ,
.. 0 x3 = 0 x3 yz 2 = 0a 2 = ..... ., 1
.. 1x3 y = x3 y .
. , .. 4 x 3 yz 2 ,
3
2 2
, .. 3 x y z
x3
=3 2 2
y z
y 2 z 2 0

. 5 x 4 y 3 7 (4+3 =7) 4
3 .
.
.
, .. 3 3 2 + 5 3 2 = (3 + 5) 3 2 = 8 3 2 .
.
.
/ ( )
. = +.
. . 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 = 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 = 6 5 4 3 3 .
.
.
: = - . . 6 3 y 4 : 3 2 y 5 = 2 3 2 y 45 = 2 y 1
.
T .
. T .
:
- 25
T ( )
.. P(x)=x3+3x2-5x+7, Q(x,y)=-2x2y3+xy
P (x)=c . P(x)=0
.
,
.
.
. 2 + 2 3 + 3 4 2 2 5 3 + 2 4 = 2 3 3 + 5 4

()+() .

() - () () ()
.. (4x2+3x+2)-( 2+4-2) = 42+3+2 - 2-4+2 = 32 -+4
( ).
:
() ( ), /
.
.. (-2) (3-3+1)= -24 + 62 -2,
() (/
)
( 3 + 2)( 2 + 5 3) = 3 ( 2 + 5 3) + 2( 2 + 5 3) =
= 5 + 5 4 3 3 + 2 2 + 10 6
!
.
- 26

1. :
3 3 y 2
2 3 2 2
x y
3
2 3 1 2
3x y
3
4 5 3x 2 y 2
4 x2 y 2
2 1
y
4
2. N
4
3a 3 2
3 3

5
1 4

4
3 3
8
1
3
5 5 3
4 2 6
21 3 2
a
7
3 1 3 2
, 0
5
3. () R
:
3
4
3+
2
5 4
( 2 + 1) 2 + 1
- 27
4. N .
2 + y2
6x
3x 2 + 2 x 1
5 2 + 2
5x
+2
8
1
x2 + x + 1
2
5. N :
i)-135+225-35
v) 0.3 x 2 + 4.7 x 2 + 5 x 2
viii)17.83+ 5 3+6.23
ii)15+ 3
vi)222+112
ix)202+62
3
8
ii)52+ 2-22
vii)-222+
3
4
4
iv)5+4+3+5
6. N
i) 3a 4a
v) 0.5 x 2 4.25 x 7 x 4
ii) 2a ( a ) 0.75a 3
vi) 0.5 x 2 4.25 x 7 x 4
ii) 3a 2 7 a 2
vii)
iv)
3 2 2
5 3
5
7 x 2 9 x 6 7 x 4
viii) 4 x 2 y 2
2 4 3
x y
4
1
6
1
x) ( xy ) (7 x 3 y 2 4 )( x 5 y 2 4 )
7
ix) (2 x 4 y 2 ) ( 3 x 3 y 2 )( x 7 y 2 )
- 28
6. N
i) 6 4 y 3 6 : 3 2 y 3 2
v) (4 3 y 4 z 8 ) : (16 3 y 3 z 5 )
ii) (16 5 y 3 2 ) : (4 3 y )
4 7 3 2 3 3 2
y ) : ( y )
3
2
+2
iv) 6 y : 2 y
ii) (
-
1. N
) 2--2+22+-2+2-+22 =
) 3-22-2-7+32+5+2+ 3 +5 2-6 =
) 4 -22 2 4 -32 +22 2 +63 -4 +3 4 =
.
2) :
= 64+53-2+7,
= 53-22-9+4
4
2
= - -3 +11,
= -73+82-+6
N -, (+)-(+), -(-)-, +++
3. :
() = 72-6+2,
Q(x) = -42+7-8
N A(-l), B(3) () = () + Q(x)
() = () - 3Q(x).
4.
= 3 3 4 5 2 + 7 4 3 + 6 9
= 2 + 4 + 3 + 6
= 4 + 5 +
4 3
6
+ 5 + 7 2
8
15
3
,5, + 2
4

1. N :
) (22-3-6)(2-+2)
) (-2-3)(-2+3)
2
2
) ( -2+5)( +2+5)
) (-2-2-32)(2-2-32)
) (2 +2 )(-)( 2 + +2 )
2. N :
:
- 29
) (2 +3)(4 --2)
)-(2-1)(2 + 2-)
)-2(52-4+3)(2-1)
)(-1)(2 + +)
](+ 1)(2- + 2)
)(2-4)(3 + 2)
3. f(x) = +1 g()= -+2

[f(x+1)- g(x)] [f(1-x)- g(x)]
4. Av f(x)= 2-2|x|+l g(x)= 2|x| -1 f(x) g(x)
5. ,, ;
(2-1)2 -2+2
, 52+8+2
6. f(x) = (2 -2) - (+2)[2 -(1-)],
f(-3).
7. ()=(+7)(-2) Q() =(+3)(+4).
N P(x)-Q(x) = 0
8. N () = (7-2)(7+2) 49 .
9. ()=3+22++1 ()=-2-1 :
) A(2) , B(2)
) (2).(2)
) ()=().()
) (2)
10)N :
2(2-1)-2(1+3)-+5(1-2)
(2+2-)(1-2)
(6+1)(2 - 3) v 1
(9+1-2)(+2) v 1
3(2-1)-42(+2)-3+4(2-1)
11) (x) = x 3 6x2 + 11x 6
() (x 1).
( )
, ,
.
6 ,
.
.
,
, ,

. ;
:
- 30
.
:

1) (+)2
= 2+2+2
:(+)2 =
(+)(+)=
2+++2=
2+2+2
2. (-)2 =
2-2+2
:(( -)2 =
( -)( -)=
2 - -+2=
2-2+2
1.
:
T , , ,
. .
2 .
(+) ,
, . , (+) (-)
(-)2 = (-)2 2 -2+2
(+)2 = (- -)2 2 +2+2
! (+)2 = 2+2 2+2=(+)2 - 2
3. (+)(-)=2-2
:(+)(-) =
2 - + -2 =
2-2

2-2
- 31
:
, 2-2
, .
4. (+)3
= 3+32+32+3
(+)3 = (+)2(+)=
(2+2+2)( +)=
3+2+22+22+2+3=
3+32+32+3
3 (3 = 2 1)
(+)2

(-)3 = 3-32+32-3
4.
(-)3 = (-)2(-)=
(2-2+2)(-)=
- -2 +2 + - =
3-32+32-3
3 (3 = 2 1)
(+)2

:
T , , ,
.
(+)3 (+), (-)3
.
:
.
(-)3 = (-)3
(-)3 = [-(-)]3 = -(-)3
(+)3= (--)3
(-1)3=-1
! (+)3 = 3+3 3+3=(+)3 - 3(2+2)
3 +3 = ( +)(2 - +2)
8. 3 - 3 = ( -)(2 + +2)
9 (+)(+) = 2+(+)+
7.
(
8. : ( )(
)
) =
7. : + )( 2 + 2 = 3 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 + 3
2
+ + 2
+ 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3
9. :
: 2 + ( + ) + = 2 + + +
: ( + )( + ) = 2 + + +
:
- 32
= ,
.
1. ,
()
, .
2. 1
= . 2
= =
=
3. (X-=0).
1)(2 2 + 3) 2 = (2 2 + 3) 2 = (2 2 ) 2 + 2 2 2 3 + 32 =
(+)2 = 2+2+2
4 4 + 12 2 + 9 = 4 4 + 12 2 + 9
2
2)(2 2 3 y ) 2 = (2 2 3 y ) 2 = (2 2 ) 2 2 2 2 3 y + 32 y 2 =
(-)2 = 2+2+2
4 4 12 2 y + 9 y 2 = 4 4 12 2 y + 9 y 2
2
3)(3 2 + 5 y ) 2 = (5 y 3 2 ) 2 = (5 y 3 2 ) 2 = (5 y ) 2 2 5 y 3 2 + 32 4 =
25 y 2 30 2 y + 9 x 4 = 25 y 2 30 2 y + 9 x 4
2
(-)2 = 2+2+2
4)(3 5 y ) 2 = ( (5 y + 3 )) 2 = (5 y + 3 ) 2 = (5 y + 3 ) 2 =
(5 y ) 2 + 2 5 y 3 + 32 2 = 25 y 2 + 30 y + 9 x 2 = 25 y 2 + 30 y + 9 x 2
2
- 33
5)(5 7 y )(5 + 7 y ) = (5 x 7 y )(5 x + 7 y ) = (5 x) 2 (7 y ) 2 =
(+)2 = 2+2+2
= 25 x 2 49 y 2 = 25 x 2 49 y 2
2
6)(3 4 y )(3 4 y ) = ( (3 + 4 y ))(3 4 y ) = ((3 + 4 y )(3 4 y )) =

((3 4 y )(5 x + 4 y )) = ((3x) 2 (4 y ) 2 ) =
(+)(-)=2-2
= 9 x 2 16 y 2 = 9 x 2 16 y 2
2
7)(3 + 1)3 = (3 + 1)3 = (3 )3 + 3 (3 ) 2 1 + 3 3 12 + 13 =
27 3 + 3 9 2 1 + 3 3 1 + 1 = 27 3 + 27 2 + 9 + 1
3
8)(3 1)3 = (3 1)3 = (3 )3 3 (3 ) 2 1 + 3 3 12 13 =
27 3 3 9 2 1 + 3 3 1 1 = 27 3 27 2 + 9 1
3
8)(5 4) = ((5 + 4))

3
3
( )3 = 3
(5 + 4)3 = [(5 )3 + 3 (5 ) 2 4 + 3 5 42 + 43 ] =
3
[125 3 + 3 25 2 4 + 3 5 16 + 64] = [125 3 + 3 25 2 4 + 3 5 16 + 64] =

2
125 3 3 25 2 4 3 5 16 64 = 125 3 300 2 240 64
9)27 3 43 = (3 )3 43 =(3 4)((3 ) 2 + 3 4 + 42 ) =

3
(3 4)(9 2 + 12 + 16)
- 34
.

+ ,
,
.
+ ( + )2 :
2 , , ,
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
:

2

(-)2 =2-2 +2
. 1

2,

- 2
2
o
.
: (-)2= 2-2 +2
2-2= ( + )(-)

2
.' 2 - 2
.
.
T ,
( + )(-).
- 35
( + )3 =3+32+32+3
, ,
,
.
.
, 3,
, . , 3,
2 2.
( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
- 36
1. N :
(-3)2 ,
(2x+y)2 , (-x-y)2
(102-3)2
1
( y + 2 )2
2
(52+2)2
,
, (xy+2x)2 , (2x-xy)2
(23-32)2 ,
(2 + 2)2 ,
(-3-2)2
1
( y + 2 )2
2
2. N :
( -1)(+1)
(+3)( -3)
(3 -2)(3+2)
(2x+y)(y -2)
(x3+2xy)(2xy - 3)
(x+2y - 3z)(x+2y + 3z)
(2x+y)(2x - y)(4x2)
(x + 2y-z)(x - 2y-z)
1
1
)(2 - )2
2
1
3
1
3
( - y) ( + y)
2
2
2
2
(2+
(2x+3y)(2x -3y)(4x2+9y2)
(x+y - z+(o)(x+y + -)
3. : ()=(2+3)2 - 42, Q(x)=(x+2)(x+3) - 22 -6

] N
] N P(x)Q(x)
4. N :
(+2)2+ (+1)2 - 2( -)2 - 5(2+1)
5. :
= ( 2)2 + (3 ) 2 2( 2)( 3)
= ( + 2 ) 2 + (2 ) 2 5( 2 + 2 ) + 1
6. + = 999 + = 1001 ,
= (2 + + )( )
7)
(... + ...) 2 = 2 + 2 + .......
(... + ...) 2 = 4 2 + 12 + .......
(... + ...) 2 = 49 2 + .... + 4 y 2
(... ...) 2 = 2 8 + .....
(... ...) 2 = 1 2 + .....
(... ...) 2 = 2 + .....
1 2 1
y + .....
4
3
9 2
1
(... + ...) 2 =
a + ....... + 2
16
9
3
3
(...... + ........) = 27 + ... + ...... + 8 y 2
(... ...) 2 =
(...... + ........)3 = 64 3 ... + 12 x ......

:
- 37
(10 x ........)3 = ...... ... + ......... 27 y 3

( a )( + ) = ...................................
25 = ( 2 .....)(...... + .......)
8)
( + )( )( 2 + 2 ) = 4 4
( 2 2 ) ( 2 2 ) = ( + )( )
1
1
( + )2 ( ) 2 = 4
2
2
( ) + 3 ( + ) = ( 3 + 3 )
9. ( ) ()
1. :
( ) 2 = 2 2 2

( )3 = ( )3
( + ) = + 2 ( + )
2
2. +1 , 1- - -2
3. 6662 2 666 566 + 5662 10000
4. 0
= 3+
1
1
= 3 =
.
3
3
432 112
3 .
43 (36 27)
1 2
1 2
6. . (2011 +
) (2011
) 4 .
2011
2011
5.
, ,

.
.
:

4
4
.
;
:
- 38
:
()

( + ) = +
( ) =

1) .
.
:
1)6 x + 6 y = 6( x + y )
2)3 x 2 + 3 = 3( x 2 + 1)
3)7 x 2 y + 7 xy 2 = 7 xy ( x + y )
:

2)
1) + + ya + y = ( + ) + y (a + ) = ( + y )(a + )
2) x 2 y x 2 xy + x + y 1 = x 2 ( y 1) x( y 1) + y 1 = ( y 1)( x 2 x + 1)
3.
(-)2 = 2-2+2 , (+)2 = 2+2+2

(+)(-)=2-2
(+)3 = 3+32+32+ 3 , (-)3 = 3-32+32- 3
3 - 3 = ( -)(2 + +2)
3 + 3 = ( +)(2 - +2)
) x 2 + 6 x + 9 = x 2 + 2 3 x + 32 = ( x + 3) 2
) 16 x 2 + 40 xy + 25 = (4 x) 2 + 2 4 5 x + 52 = (4 x + 5) 2
) 36 x 2 4 y 2 = (6 x 2 y )(6 x + 2 y )
) x 2 7 = x 2 ( 7 ) 2 = ( x 7 )( x + 7 )
:
- 39
) x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8 = x3 3 2 x 2 + 3 2 2 x 22 = ( x 2)3
4. x 2 + ( + ) x +
x 2 + ( + ) x + = ( + ) + )
x 2 + 5 x + 6 = x 2 + (2 + 3) x + 2 3 = ( + 2)( x + 3)
( )

:

:2-2 ,

3-3 , 3+3
: 2 2+2
3 32+32 -3

1. N :
y 3 2 y y + 2
12 3 + 60 2 + 4 + 20
2 + 6 5 5 6 + 12 12
2 y 4 + 4 y 2 + 3 y + y3 5 2 5 y 2
a 2 + a 2 y 2 + a 2 z 2 + a 2 2 4 4 y 4 z 4
y 2 y 2 + ( 1) 2 y 2 y + y
3 2 2 3 2 y 2 2 x 2 + 2 y 2
3 y 3 3 y y 2 +
2 2 2 2 2 + 2
2. N :
) ( y ) 2 16
) (a + 3) 2 1
) 9 x 4 ( y 2 5) 2
) 81 (a )2
:
- 40
) ( + ) 2 (a ) 2
) (2 + 2) 2 (a 2)2
) (4 3 + ) 2 (a 3 + 4 )2
) ( + ) 2 (a + )2
) (2 y 3 ) 2 + (3 y 2 y )2
2. N :
) 81 4 36 x 2 + 4
) 9 2 y 2 30 xy + 25
) 100 4 y 6 40 x 2 y 3 2 + 4 4
) 9 2 y 2 30 xy + 25
) y 6 6 y 3 + 9
1
4
4
) 36 y 12 xy + 6
) 4 2 2 +
) z 6 2 z 3 x 2 y + x 4 y 2
) 64a 4 80a 2 + 25 2 2
3.
) 3 + 1
) y 3 8
) x 2 y 6 125
) 64 x3 27
) ( a + 1)3 3
) ( x + y )3 27
) ( x + y )3 ( x y )3
) a 8 8
) a 2 2 2 2
) a 5 5
4. N
1) a 4 + 4 + 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2) ( a + + 2 2 ) 2 ( + ) 2
3) 4 y ( x y ) 6 x( x y ) 2 + 2 x( x 2 y 2 )
4) (7 x y ) 2 4(7 x y )(2 x + y 1) + 4(2 x + y 1) 2
5) 4 x 2 + y 2 + 9 2 4 xy + 12 x 6 y
6) ( 2 ) 2 6( 2 )(3 + ) + 9(3 + ) 2
7) ( + y ) 2 + ( y x) 2 + ( + y ) 2 + ( y x) 2
:
- 41
8) a ( + ) + ( ) ( + )
9) ( )( 2 2 ) ( )( 2 2 )
10) 1 + xy + a ( x + y ) ( x + y ) a (1 + xy )
5. :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
x( y 1) 3( y 1) ( y 1)
3x 2 6 x
6 xy 3 + 3 x 2 y 2 + 9 xy 2
4x 5 y 3 6x 7 y 2 + 8x 3 y 4
ax + ay + x + y
a5 a4 + a3 a2 + a 1
(1 ) 2 + + 1
49 x 2 81
49( + ) 2 36( ) 2
x 2 13
16 x + 4 x 3 y 12 xy
2
x2 1
( x + 2 y )2 x 2
x16 y16
4 x 2 12 x + 9
2 + 0, 25
(x + y )2 2(x + y ) + 1
4 x 2 20 x y + 25 y 2
x 2 2 x 24
x 2 + 2 xy 3 y 2
x 2 + 2 xy y 2 + 9
x y + x 2 2 xy + y 2
4x 4 5x 2 + 1
x 4 + 11x 2 60
x9 x7 x5 + x3
x4 + 5x2 6
(x y )2 5(x y ) + 6
(x 2 + y 2 ) + xy (a 2 + 2 )
(2 + x + x 2 ) 2 x 3
- 42

2++ ,, 0
2 .
: 32+5 - 12, =3, =5 = -12
( 2, .)
P(x)=2++ ,
P()=2++
.
: P(x)=22- -6 =1 P(1)=2 12 -1-6=2-1-6=-5,
=2
P(2)=2 22 -2 -6=8 -2 -6=0

P()
P()=0. ( )
' 2++ =0 ,,
0 ()
2++ =0 ( ).
: 22- -6 =0 '
=1 12 - 1-6=2-1-6=-5
=2 2 22 -2 -6=8 -2 -6=0
.
' ,
.
)
= 0
=0
= 0 = 0
2+ =0
2+ =0
2 =0
- 43
/
1.
2 +=0
2++ ,
2+=0
2 = - 2 =- /
) ().
27
2 = 9 2 = 9 2 = 3
3
32
) 2 2 + 32 = 0 2 2 = 32 2 =
2 = 16( )
2
) 3 2 27 = 0 3 2 = 27 2 =
2. 2+=0 =0 :
2 + = 0 ( + ) = 0
=0 = - /
) 4 2 + 8 = 0 (4 + 8) = 0 = 0 4 + 8 = 0 = 0.. .. = 2
3. 2=0 = 0
) 7 2 = 0 = 0
- 44
2++ ,
1 = 2-4 .
2 :
] < 0 () -
] =0 =
] > 0 ()
1,2 =
) 2 7 + 6 = 0
= 1, = 7, = 6 :
= 2 4 = (7)2 4 1 6 = 49 24 = 25 > 0

+ (7) + 25 7 + 5 12
=
=
=
=6
2a
2 1
2
2
(7) 25 7 5 2
2 =
=
=
= =1
2a
2 1
2
2
1 =
) 2 7 + 6 = 0
= 1, = 7, = 6 :
= 2 4 = (7)2 4 1 6 = 49 24 = 25 > 0

+ (7) + 25 7 + 5 12
=
=
=
=6
2a
2 1
2
2
(7) 25 7 5 2
2 =
=
=
= =1
2a
2 1
2
2
1 =
- 45
!!!
ax 2 + + = 0 .
2 x 2 + 7 x 13 = x( x 3) 2
,
ax 2 + + = 0
2 x 2 + 7 x 13 = x( x 3) 2 2 x 2 + 7 x 13 = x 2 3 x 2 2 x 2 + 7 x 13 x 2 + 3 x + 2 = 0
x 2 + 10 x 11 = 0

= 2 4 = 102 4 (11) = 100 + 44 = 144 > 0

:
10 12 22
=
= 11
2 4a 10 144 10 12
2
2
x1,2 =
=
=
=
2a
2 1
2
10 + 12 = 2 = 1
2
2
2++ , 0
.
] <0 () . .
] =0 =
,
2
2++=(-)2
] >0 () 1,2 =
2++=(-1) (-2)
- 46

) 2 + 4 + 9 = 0
) 2 4 + 4 = 0
) 2 7 + 6 = 0
) 2 + 4 + 9 = 0
= 1, = 4, = 9 :
= 2 4 = (4) 2 4 1 9 = 16 36 = 20 < 0 .
) 2 4 + 4 = 0
= 1, = 4, = 4 :
= 2 4 = (4) 2 4 1 4 = 16 16 = 0

(4) 4
=
= =2
2a
2 1
2
4 + 4
2
2 + + = ( )2
( 2) 2
) 2 7 + 6 = 0
= 1, = 7, = 6 :
= 2 4 = (7)2 4 1 6 = 49 24 = 25 > 0

+ (7) + 25 7 + 5 12
=
=
=
=6
2a
2 1
2
2
(7) 25 7 5 2
=
=
= =1
2 =
2a
2 1
2
2
1 =
7 + 6
2
2 + + = ( 1 )( 2 )
1( 6)( 1)
- 47
2++ ,
>0 1 =
+

, 2 =
2
2
= 1 + 2 =
+ +
+
=
=
2
2
2
= 1 2 = (
+
( + )( ) (( )2 2 )
)(
)=
=
=
2
2
4 2
4 2
2
2
2
( 2 ) = 4 ( 2 4 2 ) + 4 +
=
=
=
2
2
2
4
4
4
2. =0 = 2 = 2
= 2 = (

=
2
2 2
4
) =
=
=
2
2
4
4 2
3.
2++,
+ + = 2 + + =
2
2
( 1 + 2 ) + 1 2 = +
.. ..
2 + +
) 2 7 + 6 = 0 :
= 1 + 2 =
(7)
=7
1
= 1 2 =
6
= =6
1
- 48

.
.
1. .
2. .., , .
3. : ... 0 .
4. ...
5. ().
6. , x
.
7. , .
.
x
1
1
+
=
x+2 2 x
4 x2
: 4 x 2 = (2 x)(2 + x)
.. (2 x)(2 + x)
(2 x)(2 + x) 0 (2 x) 0 x 2 (2 + x) 0 x 2
x
1
1
+
=
x+2 2 x
(2 + x)(2 x)
x
1
1
( )
(2 + x) (2 x)
+ (2 + x) (2 x)
= (2 + x)(2 x)
x+2
2 x
(2 + x)(2 x)
(2 x) x + (2 + x) = 1 ( )
2 x x 2 + 2 + x = 1 ( 2 )
2 x x 2 + 2 + x + 1 = 0 x 2 + 3x + 3 = 0
=-1 , =3 , =3 = 2 4 = 32 4(1)(3) = .. = 21
: 1 =
2 =
+ 3 21 3 21
=
=
2a
2(1)
2
+ 3 21 3 21 3 + 21
=
=
=
2a
2( 1)
2
2
2, -2 .
:
- 49
2 -
1) 2 + + = 0 0 . :
> 0 , . , = ..
. , , = ..
< 0 , .
2) 2/ :
) x2-5x+6 = 0
)2x2-10x+12 = 0
)-2x2+1 0x-12 = 0
)x2+8x+12 = 0
)3x2+24x+3 6 = 0
)-3x2-24x-3 6 = 0
) x2-6x+12 = 0
)3x2-18x+24 = 0
)-3x2+18x-24 = 0
3.) :
x2 -25 = 0
-x2+25 = 0
3x2-75 =
-3x2+75 = =0
x2+15 = 0
-x2-15 = 0
3x2+45 = 0
-3x2-45 = 0
x2-7x = 0
-x2+7x = 0
5x2- 35x = 0
-5x2+35x =0
0
4) :
)(2x2-18)2 + (x-3)2 = 0
)5 + (x-3)2 = 0
)5(x2-5x+6)2004 = 0
)(2x2-18)2012 + (x-3)2 = 0
)(x-3)2+(x+3)2 = 0
)5(x-5)+(x+5)2=5(x-5)
)(5x2-6x+18/10)(x2+5)=0
)(2x+5)(2x2-32)(x2+13) = 0 ) (x-2)(x2-4) = 0
5) :
)3 2 ( 2 3) 2 = 0
)4 2 2( 3 + 1) + 3 = 0
6) :
+1 1
2 3
)
)
=
=
5
6
7
5
+5
5
12
+1
4 1 2 1
=
5
4
2+ 3
+
=0
2
5
2 5 + 6
=0
2 8 + 15
2 5 + 6
=1
2 8 + 15
- 50
6. :
1
2
2
= 2
+
3 9 +3
2
2
3
1
+
= +
3 ( 3)( 3) 8 3
2
1
1
+
=
+1
2
4 +2 2
2
1
6 + 1
= 2
5 15 + 2 6
3
9
2
+ 2
=
+
+3 9 3 9 2
5 + 5 10
+
=
+5 5 3
3 + 2
3
4
=
5 + 6 2 3
2
4
2
+ 2
=
3 + 2 2 8 + 2
+ 3 2
=
2 2 3 2
7) ) N :
) N :
3
2
1
= 2
+
+ 3 2 3 + 1
1
3
=
2 3 6 5
3 2
1
6
+
= 2
( + 1) 2 + 3 + 2
+1
) = 3
1
) + 1 = 1
3 +1
10
2
+
+
=0
2
1 +1 1
1
1
1
2 2 4 + 5
=1
2 + 2
x +1
2
+ 2
=0
2
1 x
x 2x +1
x +1
5
2
=0
2
1 x
x 2x +1
) : ( x 1) 2 + ( x 2) 2 = ( x 3) 2 + x + 2
) : x 2 (1 + 2 ) x + 2 = 0
- 51
8)
9)
: 6x2 3x (x 1) =( x + 3)2 4
:
) 3x2 + x 2= 0
2 2
8
1 3
2
=
2 4 +2
10)
ax 2 + x + = 0,
0,
11)
1.

<0
2.
3.
4.
=0
>0
>=0

.
.
.
.
.

,
P(x) = (x + 1)2 + (x 1)3 x3 + 7

) P(x) = 2x2 + 5x + 7
) P(x)
) P(x) = 0
12) :
4 a 2 + 2 + 8a + 2 + 5 = 0
13)( ..)
16
1988
12
1992
8
1996
4
2000
1988
16
1992
12
1996
8
2000
4
- 52
1. 2
.
2. = 16 = 63.
3. = 10/3 = 1, = -12 = 35, = -3 = -40 .
4.
= 13 = 140
= -25 =-150
= 17 = 200.
5. 4
21.
6. 3x+2, 4x-3
5x-1 x .
7. 12x+4, 5x-2 13x-2.
8. 2 49
.
9. 34 . 13 .
10. 5 . 3
., 168 ..
.
11. 13 .
7 .
12. x-20 .
x+40 . 2750 ..
13.
514.
- 53
14. .
10/4 . ;
16. .
.
, 88
. ;
15. 270.
, 24,81,132. .
16.( )
;
.
2,
(1) +=2.
(1) :
-2= -
= -+2

:
2 2=2-2
2 2:
2-2+2=2-2+ 2
(-)2=(-)2
:
-=-
=.

.
;
- 54
+ y = , y , , ,
. +y=
0 0 .
1 + y1 = 1
2 + y2 = 2
():
) ,
) , )
,
, :
1.
2.
, -
3.
, -
1. .
2. ,
, .
3. 1,
.
:
.
- 55
+ y =3
x y =1
+ y = 3 1.
x y =1
x: x = 3 y
= 3 y
= 3 y 2 = 3 y
x y =1
(3 y ) y = 1 3 2 y = 1
= 3 y = 3 y = 3 y = 3 1
y
1
=
2 y = 3 + 1 2 y = 2 y = 1
= 2
y =1

1.
. (
/ )
2. ,
.
3.
, .
- 56
2 y = 3
3 x + 5 y = 13
( 3) 2 y = 3 /
(1) : 3 x + 5 y = 13
3 :
3 + 6 y = 9 + 3 + 6 y = 9
3 + 6 y = 9
3 x + 5 y = 13 0 x + 11 y = 22
y=2
3 + 6(2) = 9 3 + 6(2) = 9 = 1
y=2
y=2
y=2

1.. x +2y = 7.
) (-1, 4) .
) x = 5 y (5, y) .
) 2y + x = 7.
2. 5x+y=6. (x = , y = 6 - 5), R
.
3. : 8x+2y=7. :
)
) -
) -
4. :
x 1 y 2
=0
) 3
4
4 x + 3 y = 8
3( x + 4) 2 y = 7( x y )
0.5( x 1) + 2 y = 3( x + y ) 0.5
)
5.
:
) x - 2 = 0
2x - 3y + 7 = 0
) - 3x - 7y + 13 = 0
y=2
- 57
3
6.
y
=0
3
y
=0
7
) 3x + 2y = 5
7x + 5y=12
:
( )
) 3x - 4y = 17
-3x + 8y = 37
7.
) 5x - 7y - 47 = 0
2x + 7y - 16 = 0
)3(x-4) + 2(y + 2) = -9
8.
) 0,5x + 0,2y = 16
1,5x + 0,5y = 23
(x - 5) - 4 (y - 3) = 26
+ = 4
:
3 = 1
x 3
y 0.5
=
14
5
3 (x - 3) - 8 (y - 0,5) = 1
+1 2
+
=5
4
9. : 3
3 ( 1) 2( 6) = 15
10. :
2- y =3
2+ y =1
.
11. . , +y=9 (1,1) (-1,5) .
. ( 3,3),( 1.2,1.2)
12.) (2,5) (1,3)
2x y = 3
.
2
4 x y = 6
13) :y = x + (-2, +2) ( 1, -3 )

.
14) ) :
:
- 58
1: 2x + y = 10 2 : 3x y = 5
. : ( 1) x +(3 2) y = 0
. , .
15) 3 y + 1 + 2 + y 5 = 0
16)
19
4a + 3 = 4
3 2 = 5
4
3
7
2x + y 1 + x + 2 y + 3 = 2
3
2
1
=
2 x + y 1 x + 2 y + 3
2
17) :
a + = 5
= 1
6751x + 3249 y = 26751
3249 x + 6751y = 23249

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-1

= ..... 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2,1, 0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7.........

0.2, 2.3 , 0.2 =

> > 0() > 0 ( ) ( ) > 0

> > 0() <0 ( ) ( ) < 0

) < > > . ,,, /

> >0 > (1)

<0 >0 >

i) 3 x 21 < 0 3 x < 21 x <

i) (2)5 , 25 ii) (8)8 , 88 ii) ( ) 6 ,36

i )324 = 10242 = 410

i)A= [ 5 ( 22 3)] [ (52 24 )]}

(10)(1)4 (2) 2 (3)

(5)3 (+25) 4 (5)5 = 57

-2(-5) < 7 2,5+

vi) 0.5 x 2 4.25 x 7 x 4

3. f(x) = +1 g()= -+2

5)(5 7 y )(5 + 7 y ) = (5 x 7 y )(5 x + 7 y ) = (5 x) 2 (7 y ) 2 =

6)(3 4 y )(3 4 y ) = ( (3 + 4 y ))(3 4 y ) = ((3 + 4 y )(3 4 y )) =

7)(3 + 1)3 = (3 + 1)3 = (3 )3 + 3 (3 ) 2 1 + 3 3 12 + 13 =

8)(3 1)3 = (3 1)3 = (3 )3 3 (3 ) 2 1 + 3 3 12 13 =

8)(5 4) = ((5 + 4))

[125 3 + 3 25 2 4 + 3 5 16 + 64] = [125 3 + 3 25 2 4 + 3 5 16 + 64] =

125 3 3 25 2 4 3 5 16 64 = 125 3 300 2 240 64

9)27 3 43 = (3 )3 43 =(3 4)((3 ) 2 + 3 4 + 42 ) =

3. : ()=(2+3)2 - 42, Q(x)=(x+2)(x+3) - 22 -6

(...... + ........)3 = 64 3 ... + 12 x ......

(10 x ........)3 = ...... ... + ......... 27 y 3

(-)2 = 2-2+2 , (+)2 = 2+2+2

P(2)=2 22 -2 -6=8 -2 -6=0

= 2 4 = 102 4 (11) = 100 + 44 = 144 > 0

P(x) = (x + 1)2 + (x 1)3 x3 + 7

12.) (2,5) (1,3)

13) :y = x + (-2, +2) ( 1, -3 )

6751x + 3249 y = 26751

3249 x + 6751y = 23249

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