Instrument

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Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Geir Gundersen
Aker Solutions Mumbai January 6, 2010.
Geir Gundersen
Overview
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Instrumentation. Some Pictures of Instruments on Oshore Installations.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation 1
Denition (from Wikipedia): An instrument is a device that measures or manipulates variables such as ow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances which can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers. Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation 2
- Pressure, either dierential or static measurement. - Flow measurement. - Temperature measurement. - Level measurement. - Density measurement.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation 3
Control instrumentation includes devices such as: - Solenoids. - Valves. - Circuit breakers. - Relays. These devices are able to change a eld parameter, and provide remote or automated control capabilities.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation 4
Transmitters are devices which produce an analog signal, usually in the form of a 420 mA electrical current signal, although many other options using voltage, frequency, or pressure are possible. This signal can be used to control other instruments directly, or it can be sent to a PLC, DCS, SCADA system, or other type of computerized controller, where it can be interpreted into readable values and used to control other devices and processes in the system.
Geir Gundersen
The Purpose of Instrumentation
The Purpose of Instrumentation: Instrumentation plays a signicant role in both gathering information from the eld and changing the eld parameters, and as such are a key part of control loops.
Geir Gundersen
The Purpose of Instrumentation: Process Control System 1
- Field instrumentation: sensors and switches that sense process conditions such as temperature, pressure or ow. These are connected over a single and multiple pair electrical cables (hardwired) or communications bus systems called eldbus. - Control devices, such as actuators for valves, electrical switchgear and drives or indicators nare also hardwired or connected over a eldbus. - Controllers execute the control algorithms so that the desired actions can be taken. The controllers will also generate events and alarms based on changes of state and alarm conditions and prepare data for operators and information systems.
Geir Gundersen
The Purpose of Instrumentation: Process Control System 2
- A number of servers perform the data processing required for data presentation, historical archieving, alarm processing, engineering changes. - The communication can be laid out in many dierent congurations, often including connections to remote fecilities, remote operations, support and similar.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation Engineering 1
Instrumentation engineering is the engineering specialization focused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments which are used in design and conguration of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains etc.
Geir Gundersen
They typically work for industries with automated processes, such as chemical or manufacturing plants, with the goal of improving system productivity, reliability, safety, optimization and stability. To control the parameters in a process or in a particular system Microprocessors , Micro controllers ,PLCs etc are used, but their ultimate aim is to control the parameters of a system.
Geir Gundersen
- Input from Process. - Systems (STID/TEARK/PCSLOOP/TIME). - Procurement. - Oshore Survey. - Work Description. - Work Package(s) (MIPS):
Installation of Instrument. Installation of Cables and Gates. Installation of Tubing and Field Boards. Loop Test.
- (Assisting) Installation. - (Assisting) Testing.
Geir Gundersen
Flow Measurements
Flow measurement is the quantication of bulk uid or gas movement. It can be measured in a variety of ways. Volumetric ow rate is sometimes measured in standard cubic centimeters per minute"(abbreviation sccm), a unit acceptable for use with SI except that the additional information attached to the unit symbol. The SI standard would be m3/s (with any appropriate prex, with temperature and pressure specied). The term standard"indicates that the given ow rate assumes a standard temperature and pressure. Many other similar abbreviations are also in use, such as standard cubic feet per minute or per second. Other units used include gallons (U.S. liquid or imperial) per minute, liters per second, bushels per minute, and acre-feet per day.
Geir Gundersen
A-48 Study: Flow Meters for gas lift
Concerning gas lift for A-48, to increase productivity, there shall be installed a ow meter in the gas lift line to a well. There are several measuring principles for measuring gas ow, for example orice, V-cone or the venturi principle.
Geir Gundersen
The problem: We have a straight pipe line that is about 3 meters between two bend. There are also two manuel valves before and after the straight pipe line. There shall also be a pressure transmitter and a temperature transmitter in addition to the ow meter.
Geir Gundersen
Venturi have been used on Statfjord A/B/C, in addition Venturi have been proposed in a pre study for gas lift on A-32, also on GFA, we wanted to propose to use Venturi for A-48. But after a talk with Tormod Jenssen at Statoil instrument, it seems that an orice plate will do just ne. The reason for this is that there is no need for skal type accuracy, and that pressure drop is not a problem. In addition both price and delivery time favors the use of orice. Conclusion (or dont shoot a sparrow with a canon): We will reccommend the use of orice as a ow meter for gas lift manifold for A-48.
Geir Gundersen
Conclusion (or dont shoot a sparrow with a canon): We will reccommend the use of orice as a ow meter for gas lift manifold for A-48.
Geir Gundersen
Flow Measurements Principles
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Geir Gundersen Instrumentation at Oshore Installation
Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)
Some P&IDs from: - Visund: A Gas Producer. - Visund: A Gas Injector. - Gullfaks A: An Oil Producer. - Gullfaks A: A Gas Producer.
Geir Gundersen
Instrumentation at Oshore Installations
- Every equipement that have tag is considered an instrument at an oshore installation. - Each platform have their Governing Documents (for example TR0024 for TAMPEN) when it comes to the choosing the type of instrumentation.
Geir Gundersen
Visund 1
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Visund 2
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Air Manifold
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Well A17
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Hydraulic Supply: Tour and Retour
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Hydraulic Manifold
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Test, HP and LP Manifold for Well A17
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Hydraulic Manifold
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Cable Gates
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Cable Gates
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Choke Valve for A01
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Tag Plates
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Choke Valve for A01
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Pressure Transmitter
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Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve
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Geir Gundersen at Visund
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Future Location for Choke Valve (A17)
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Choke Valve for Well A01
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Pressure Indicator for Well A01
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Pressure Transmitter for Well A01
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Temperature Transmitter for Well A01
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Pressure Transmitter for Well A01
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Temperature Transmitter for Well A01
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Control Panel for the Kill Valve for Well A01
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Sand Erosion Probe
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Sand Erosion Probe
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Sand Erosion Probe
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Sand Erosion Probe
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Sand Erosion Probe
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Pressure Measurements
Pressure transducers are devices that convert the mechanical force of applied pressure into electrical energy. This electrical energy becomes a signal output that is linear and proportional to the applied pressure. Pressure transducers are very similar to pressure sensors and transmitters. In fact, transducers and transmitters are nearly synonymous. The dierence between them is the kind of electrical signal each sends. A transducer sends a signal in volts (V) or millivolt per volt (mV/V), and a transmitter sends signals in milliamps (mA).
Geir Gundersen
Temperature Measurements
Temperature measurement using modern scientic thermometers and temperature scales goes back at least as far as the early 18th century, when Gabriel Fahrenheit adapted a thermometer (switching to mercury) and a scale both developed by Ole Christensen Remer. Fahrenheits scale is still in use, alongside the Celsius scale and the Kelvin scale.
Geir Gundersen
Solenoid Valves
Solenoid valves are electrically operated devices that control the ow of liquids. Solenoid valves are electro-mechanical devices that use a wire coil and a movable plunger, called a solenoid, to control a particular valve. The solenoid controls the valve during either the open or closed positions. Thus, these kinds of valves do not regulate ow. They are used for the remote control of valves for directional control of liquids. Solenoid valves have two main parts: the solenoid and the valve. After the coil receives a current, the actuating magnetic eld is created. The magnetic eld acts upon the plunger, resulting in the actuation of the valve, either opening or closing it.
Geir Gundersen
Level Measurements
Level sensors are used to detect liquid or powder levels, or interfaces between liquids. These level measurements can be either continuous or point values represented with various output options. Continuous level sensors are devices that measure level within a specied range and give output of a continuous reading of level. Point level sensors devices mark a specic level, generally used as high alarm or switch. Level controllers monitor, regulate, and control liquid or solid levels in a process. There are three basic types of control functions that level controllers can use. Limit control works by interrupting power through a load circuit when the level exceeds or falls below the limit set point. A limit controller can protect equipment and people when it is correctly installed with its own power supply, power lines, switch and sensor. Advanced or non-linear control includes dead-time compensation, lead/lag, adaptive gain, neural networks, and fuzzy logic. Level controllers can be used for either liquid or powder or other dry material applications.
Geir Gundersen

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(1,1)

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Aker Solutions Mumbai January 6, 2010.

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation. Some Pictures of Instruments on Oshore Installations.

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

The Purpose of Instrumentation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

The Purpose of Instrumentation: Process Control System 1

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

The Purpose of Instrumentation: Process Control System 2

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

- (Assisting) Installation. - (Assisting) Testing.

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

A-48 Study: Flow Meters for gas lift

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

A-48 Study: Flow Meters for gas lift

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

A-48 Study: Flow Meters for gas lift

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

A-48 Study: Flow Meters for gas lift

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Flow Measurements Principles

Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installations

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Hydraulic Supply: Tour and Retour

Test, HP and LP Manifold for Well A17

Choke Valve for A01

Choke Valve for A01

Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve

Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve

Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve

Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve

Control Panel for Emergency Shut Down Valve

Geir Gundersen at Visund

Future Location for Choke Valve (A17)

Choke Valve for Well A01

Pressure Indicator for Well A01

Pressure Transmitter for Well A01

Temperature Transmitter for Well A01

Pressure Transmitter for Well A01

Temperature Transmitter for Well A01

Control Panel for the Kill Valve for Well A01

Sand Erosion Probe

Sand Erosion Probe

Sand Erosion Probe

Sand Erosion Probe

Sand Erosion Probe

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

Instrumentation at Oshore Installation

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