Image Restoration
Image Restoration
● Image restoration is the process of recovering an image from a degraded version—usually a
blurred and noisy image.
● Image restoration is a fundamental problem in image processing, and it also provides a testbed
for more general inverse problems.
● The purpose of image restoration is to restore a degraded/distorted image to its original content
and quality.
Image Restoration
Enhancement vs Restoration
Image Restoration
Image Restoration
Steps
Image Restoration
Image Restoration
Image Restoration
Image Restoration
Image Restoration
What is noise
● Wiki definition: noise means any unwanted signal
● One person’s signal is another one’s noise
● Noise is not always random and randomness is an artificial term
● Noise is not always bad
Noise Sources
The principal sources of noise in digital images arise during image acquisition
and/or transmission.
● Image acquisition e.g., light levels, sensor temperature, etc.
● Transmission e.g., lightning or other atmospheric disturbance in wireless
network
Noise Model
Noise from sensors
Electronic circuits
Light level
Sensor temperature
Noise from environment
Lightening
Atmospheric disturbance
Other strong electric/magnetic signals
Noise Model- Gaussian Noise
● independent of spatial coordinates, and
● uncorrelated with respect to the image content
Impulse noise usually corrupts images due to a defect in the device’s
Impulse -Salt pepper Noise hardware or in the camera's sensor. Impulse noise replaces some of the
pixels in the original image.
Salt-Pepper Noise
Noise Model
Rayleigh Noise
Exponential Noise
Uniform Noise
Noise Models
Noise Models
Noise Models
Estimation of noise Parameter
Estimation of noise Parameter
Estimation of noise Parameter
Periodic Noise
•Arises typically from electrical or electromechanical
interference during image acquisition
•It can be observed by visual inspection both in the spatial
domain and frequency domain
•The only spatially dependent noise will be considered
After a certain interval a griding effect is visualized
Periodic Noise
Adaptive Filter
● Adaptive filters are commonly used in image processing to enhance or restore data by
removing noise without significantly blurring the structures in the image.
● In many practical scenario it is observed that we are required to filter a signal whose
exact frequency response is not known
● A solution to such problem is an adaptive filter.
● An adaptive filter is one which can automatically design itself and can detect system
variation in time
Adaptive Filter
Adaptive Filter
Noise Removal
Noise Removal After mean Filter
Adaptive Median Filter
Adaptive Median Filter
Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency
Domain Filtering
● Bandreject Filters
● Notch Filters
BandReject Filter
● A band reject filter is useful when the general location of the noise in the frequency domain is
known.
● A band reject filter blocks frequencies within the chosen range and lets frequencies outside of the
range pass through.
Result
Notch Filter
Estimation of degradation Function
Principal way to estimate the degradation function for use in image restoration:
● Observation
● Experimentation
● Mathematical modeling
