Measuring Instruments
- Galvanometer
>
- Ammeter
- voltmeter.
-
Wheat stone Bridge
#
Measuring Instruments
Gutents
=
>
- Galvanemeter .
-
Ammeter
- unfmeter.
Wheatstone
>
-
bridge
>
- meter bridge
>
- Potentimeter .
# Galvanometer.
the
A derive
circuit
used to detect the current
flowing in
-principle
E
-
Moving cell gevenmeter. deflection x curta
IIe)
② Hot wire
gavanomet
③ Tangent guranometer
Based
.
on fangent law .
>
- IX fane
6 Mat
a
um
Im ,
·
=
# Ammeter
It is a derive to measure the amount
of
current in the circuit
.
- Galvanometer >
-
Ammeter .
Resistance
Ge
of glivanometer .
Ege maximum current that
· ↓
can
be passed through the
guranometer without
it
demaging .
--------met
i
full scale deflection
current of givanometer
Vacrossh = VaraS
Seshunt
Exa =
-1g) xs small resistance connected
in parallel with
=gXh
s
givan meter.
7- maximum current to
be measured by
ammeter .
>
-
(0 10) A
-
I = to Ampere
-
To nth part of current through the
pass
vanemeter.
gu
Ig :
In
I
Ig
= n
= xh **
S
Lot of cret
is
passing through
guranomete
= X
Ig
= 18 %
of I
-I
· Ea
Ig =
>
- To increase the range of ammeter by
'n time
+ Resistence of
S
= initia ammeter.
>
- Resistance
Ammeter <Shurt <Envanometer.
>
-
Ammeter is connected in series with the
circuit element .
-> Ideal Ammeter has zero resistance
&
-
91
T
G A
92 -
a =
992
10% of I
Ig =
n = 10
=
S
: =
S : I
93 -
-
IX tang
Fr
I2 = 2 x 3 = 6 Ampere
#meterderive to measure potential difference
in
between any two prints the circuit.
>
-
Galvanometer >
- Voltmeter
multiplier
.
-
R- High resistance
n anneted
with
gu vonemeter
in serives
.
Entreten
-
maximum
[
VR ve
voltage
to be measured
by the voltmeter
v =
zg(4 + R)
a + R
F
=
vg
=
IgXh
R
R vR = Eg X
= 4
V =
Vg + VR
nth
1
>
-
part of applied voltage appears across
the guronometer
vg =
I V = n .
vg
R
= 4
=
=
= non -
h
R =
(n- 11 h
If the voltmeter is increased
to be
by
>
-
range of
high
In times , then required a
resistance to be connected
in with initia is
series voltmeter
R G (n-1) where h = Resistance
=
of
initio
voltmeter .
- Resistance ,
Voltmeter > Multiplier > Galvanometer
>
- Ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance .
>
- voltmeter is connected in parallel with the
circuit element .
VIR
·
-
·
94
I
9
-
96 =>
-
= XXX
-
9t
=
&
9
-
E
:
n =
= stimes
R = In-11 .
U
= 15-17 .
2000 = 4 x 2000
R = 8000 -
e
# Wheatstone Bridge .
It is
>
- an
arrangement
is
of
resistors which used
your
to measure one
of them
in terms other .
of
Balance Endition :
>
-
Bridge
Bridge is said to be batanned when
galvanometer shows null
deflection .
or
V = Vo
At this condition ,
the product of opposite resistor are
equal
P XS =
&XR
-> Unbalanced Bridge ,
At this condition currentflows in
guranometer. Currit flaw
Beo
74 VB >o o
vo > un O-B
Meter Post
>
-
Bridge ,
office box , etc.
works on the principle of Wheatstone Bridge
Eg
=
RXS
PX9 =
:
So
20m]
1
·
-
2
V = zXMtrth
10 = = x 2
2 = Y I = = JAmp
M
2
-
= Y
=
4/14 : 2 m
How
Questions
-
911
9, 2
913
Siy
Sis
916
giz
Sig
Happy Dashain
F
S
