Presented by : Jovelyn Evio & Stephanie Eugenio
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PhCultureine
Brief History
The Philippines takes its name from Philip II, who was
king of Spain during the Spanish colonization of the
islands in the 16th century.
The islands were populated by competing tribes, each
with their own king or queen.
It was under Spanish rule for 333 years and under U.S.
tutelage for a further 48 years.
Brief History
Spanish rule brought Catholicism to the area, with
missionaries establishing churches, schools, hospitals,
universities and largely displacing the previously
entrenched Hindu, Islamic and Buddhist faiths.
The culture of the Philippines comprises a blend of
traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholic traditions, with
influences from America and other parts of Asia. The
Filipinos are family oriented and often religious with an
appreciation for art, fashion, music and food.
Brief History
Filipinos are also hospitable people who love to have a
good time. This often includes getting together to sing,
dance, and eat. The annual calendar is packed with
festivals, many of which combine costumes and rituals
from the nation’s pre-Christian past with the Catholic
beliefs and ideology of present day.
Geography
The Philippines is the world’s second-largest archipelagic
nation. Its 7,107 islands are divided into three main
geographical areas: Luzon is the large island in the
north on which Manila, the capital city, is located. The
Visayas are a small group of islands in the middle.
Mindanao is the large island in the south.
Geography
The islands of the Philippines are surrounded by the
West Philippine Sea, Celebes Sea, Sulu Sea and the
Pacific Ocean. Given its geography, the Philippines is the
fifth-largest coastline in the world at 22,540 miles. It is
also the home of some of the most beautiful white sand
beaches and marine diversity.
Geography
It is located on the western edge of the Pacific Ring of
Fire, making it a place of hundreds of volcanoes. Mt.
Pinatubo, Mt. Mayon and Mt. Taal are three of the most
active.
Before the Spanish
Colonialism
Filipinos Occupation
Before the Spanish first occupied the Philippines, the
country was already rich with local cultural history
ranging from trading interactions with the Chinese,
Japanese, etc to engaging with Islamic leaders from the
Middle East and eventually spreading Islam.
Early Philippine society was composed of such diverse
subgroups as e.g., fishermen, farmers and
hunter/gatherers.
Social Structure
The barangay was the typical community in the whole
archipelago. It was the basic political and economic unit
independent of similar others. Each embraced a few
hundreds of people and a small territory. Each was
headed by a chieftain called the Rajah or Datu.
The social structure comprised a petty nobility, the ruling
class which had started to accumulate land that it owned
privately or administered in the name of the clan or
community.
Social Structure
Maharlika (Datu in Visayas): an intermediate class of
freemen called the Maharlika who had enough land for
their livelihood or who rendered special service to the
rulers and who did not have to work in the fields.
Timawa: the ruled classes that included the timawa, the
serfs who shared the crops with the petty nobility.
Alipin (Olipun in Visayas): and also the slaves and
semislaves who worked without having any definite
share in the harvest.
Religious Beliefs and Practices
The pre-colonial Filipinos were largely animistic,
believing in the existence of spirits that inhabited the
natural world. They worshipped anitos, or spirits of the
dead, and diwatas, deities who controlled the forces of
nature.
Bathala, the creator of the heavens, earth, and man,
was considered the supreme deity. There were also
lesser gods and goddesses associated with death,
harvest, and other aspects of life.
Religious Beliefs and Practices
Religious practices included offerings, sacrifices, and
rituals to appease the spirits and ensure good fortune.
The babaylan, female shamans, played a significant
role in religious ceremonies and healing practices.
During the Spanish
Colonialism
Filipinos Occupation
During the era of Spanish colonialism in the Philippines,
Filipinos were subjected to various occupations and
roles imposed by the Spanish authorities. These
occupations ranged from laborers and servants to
government officials and members of the clergy.
Filipinos were also employed as government officials by
the Spanish authorities. Some were appointed as local
leaders and administrators in their communities, while
others served as tax collectors or interpreters for the
Spanish rulers.
Social Structure
At the top of the social hierarchy were the Spanish
colonizers, who held all the power and authority in
society.
Beneath the Spanish colonizers were the mestizos, who
were people of mixed Spanish and indigenous ancestry.
At the bottom of the social hierarchy were the indigenous
population, who were considered inferior and treated as
second-class citizens by the Spanish colonizers.
Religious Belief and Practices
The popularization of religious practices such as the
celebration of fiestas, novenas, and processions.
The Spanish colonial period also saw the
introduction of religious iconography and symbols
in the form of statues, paintings, and crosses.
Language
Many Filipinos, especially those who lived in urban
areas and had regular contact with Spanish
speakers, learned to speak the language fluently.
Many Spanish words were adopted into the local
languages. For example, words like 'mesa' (table),
'silla' (chair), and 'pluma' (pen) were borrowed
from Spanish and are still used in modern Filipino
languages.
Music, Dance and
Literature
Traditional Filipino music includes indigenous
M instruments such as the kulintang, agung, and
gangsa, which are used in various cultural
U ceremonies and performances.
S From traditional folk songs to contemporary pop
I and rock music. OPM (Original Pilipino Music) is a
genre that highlights Filipino artists and
C composers, celebrating the unique sound of
Filipino music.
D Tinikling, a popular dance that involves bamboo
A poles, showcases the agility and coordination of
Filipino dancers. Other traditional dances such as
N the Itik-Itik, Singkil, and Pandanggo sa Ilaw
highlight the grace and beauty of Filipino dance
C traditions.
E
L
I
T Filipino literature is a treasure trove of stories, poems,
E and myths that reflect the unique identity and history of
the Filipino people. Pre-colonial literature includes epic
R poems such as the Hinilawod and the Biag ni Lam-ang,
A which recount the heroic exploits of legendary Filipino
T heroes.
U
R
E
Thank you for
listening
