GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
CRISTINE S. RAYNES
Special Science Teacher 1
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
the branch of science that deals with the
identification of the substances of which matter is
composed; the investigation of their properties and
the ways in which they interact, combine, and change;
and the use of these processes to form new
substances.
definition from Oxford Language
MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
Quarter 3 – Lesson 1
MATTER
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
https://chem.libretexts.org/
PHASE
Phase is chemically and physically uniform or
homogeneous quantity of matter that can be separated
mechanically from a nonhomogeneous mixture and that
may consist of a single substance or a mixture of
substances.
https://www.britannica.com/science/phase-state-of-matter
PHASES OF MATTER
SOLID | LIQUID | GAS
SOLID
Solids, are relatively dense,
rigid, and incompressible
because their intermolecular
forces are so strong that the
molecules are essentially
locked in place.
https://chem.libretexts.org/
LIQUID
Liquids are relatively dense and
incompressible, like solids, but
they flow readily to adapt to the
shape of their containers.
https://chem.libretexts.org/
GAS
Gases have the lowest density of the
three, are highly compressible, and
completely fill any container in which
they are placed. Gases behave this way
because their intermolecular forces are
relatively weak, so their molecules are
constantly moving independently of the
other molecules present.
https://chem.libretexts.org/
PHASE
CHANGES
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Acidity
A substance’s ability to react with an acid is a chemical
property.
Example:
Citric acid found in citrus fruit like lemon, oranges, and
grapefruit.
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Combustibility
a material's ability to ignite and react with oxygen to
release energy in the form of heat and light
Example:
charcoal, wood, leaves
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Flammability
the measure of how easily a material catches fire,
how intense the fire is, and how quickly it spreads
Example:
Fuel, exlosives, fireworks, firecrackers
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Ductility
The ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire.
Example:
Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints.
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Malleability
The ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
Example:
Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into
sheets to make foil.
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Reactivity
The tendency of matter to combine chemically with
other substances.
Example:
A pea-sized piece of potassium reacts
explosively when combined with a small
volume of water.
Rusting of nail (iron reacts with oxygen)
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Solubility
The ability to dissolve in another substance.
Example:
Sugar or salt dissolve in water.
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Thermal Conductivity
The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) from one
area to another.
Examples:
Plastic foam is a poor conductor, so a hot
drink won’t burn your hand.
The inside of the toaster. (hot coils)
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
Toxicity
The extent to which a chemical element or a combination of
chemicals may harm an organism.
Example:
Since drinking gasoline can cause burns, vomiting, diarrhea
and, in very large amounts, drowsiness or death, it is toxic.
General Chemistry 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 1: Properties of Matter
First Edition, 2020
ACTIVITY 1:
Make a table with two columns. Write the label on
the left column as physical properties and then
chemical properties on the right.
From the discussed properties of matter on the slides
before, identify which among the following belongs to
either physical or chemical properties of matter.
on your notebook for two minutes
ACTIVITY 1:
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
on your notebook for two minutes
TIMES UP!
Exchange with your seatmates.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
A physical characteristic, is an attribute of matter that
can be measured without changing the chemical
composition of the sample under examination.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical properties are those that can only be
changed by changing the molecular structure or
chemical composition of a substance.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color Hardness
Density Flexibility
Volume Texture
Mass Odor
Boiling point Temperature
Melting point Volume
Freezing point Length
Shape Electrical conductivity
Size
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
Intensive properties are those that are unaffected by
the amount of matter present in any sample. The
intensity of a property is determined by the amount
of substance present. Intense properties include
pressure, temperature, color, density, boiling point,
melting point, and so on.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
Extensive properties are those that are affected by
the amount of matter contained in a given sample.
These extensive qualities, including mass, weight, and
volume, are directly dependent on and vary in value
with the amount of the substance.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
PHYSICAL CHANGE
Physical changes have no effect on the chemical
bonding of the components and do not result in the
production of new bonds. This means that the same
types of compounds or components that existed at
the start of the transition are still present at the
conclusion.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Chemical changes result in molecular structural
changes. These chemical bonds are broken and new
bonds are generated during a chemical transition.
Chemical changes are sometimes more difficult to
undo than physical alterations.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/properties-of-matter/
REFLECTION:
Why are the properties of matter important?
These characteristics distinguish one substance from
another. The more we understand about diverse
substances and topics, the better we will be able to use
them.
THANK YOU!
