Parañaque National High School – Main
Kay Talise st. San Dionisio, Parañaque City
EARTHQUAKE
Name: ____________________________________ Date: ______________
Section: __________________
Identification: Identify the following statements being described.
1. The shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy from the movement of plates creating waves.
2. a break or fracture in the Earth’s crust in response to stress caused by the movements of the tectonic plates.
3. An earthquake caused by sudden movements along faults and plate boundaries is known as ___________
earthquake.
4. A __________ earthquake is caused by rising hot molten materials beneath active volcanoes.
5. The planet Earth consists of three layers: the ____________, ____________, and the __________
6. The types of stress that cause rock layers to break are: ____________, ____________, and ____________
7. A type of stress found at convergent plate boundaries in which two tectonic plates are plowing into each other.
8. _________ stress pulls rocks apart from each other creating normal faults. It is the most common type of stress in
divergent boundaries.
9. _______ stress is when forces act parallel to each other but in the opposite direction or when rock slabs slide past
each other horizontally.
10. The ______________ is the trace of fracture or break on a rock surface.
11. ______________ are either hanging walls or footwall that interact during faulting of rock layers.
12. A type of fault where rocks move horizontally. Little or no vertical movement. It forms from shear stress.
13 A type of fault where the hanging wall block drops downward relative to the footwall. It is the product of tension
stress.
14. A type of fault where the hanging wall (upper block) moves upward relative to the footwall (lower block). It is the
result of compression stress.
15. _________ scale is an absolute scale which measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.
16. A seismic scale used and developed by the PHIVOLCS to measure the intensity. It measures how an earthquake is felt
in a certain area based on the effects of an earthquake on structures and surroundings.
17. It is where the first movement happens, or where fault starts to slip.
18. It is the spot / location directly above the focus on the surface of the Earth.
19. What is PHIVOLCS?
20. What are the two main seismic waves?
21. The __________ waves are the slowest travelling seismic waves. They are responsible for the damage and
destruction related with earthquakes.
22. The ________ waves are the fastest surface waves and cause the ground to move from side.
23. _____________ waves are the slowest of the surface waves and cause the ground to roll like ocean wave.
24. The first type of body wave; the fastest travelling seismic wave, push and pull the materials they encounter, the first
wave you feel in an earthquake and can move through solids and liquids.
25. A sensitive instrument that measures and records seismic waves.
26. It refers to the region around the Pacific Ocean that are commonly hit by earthquake and volcanic eruption.
27. This theory states that during an earthquake, the rocks under strain suddenly break, creating a fracture along a fault.
28. A smaller earthquakes that occur after the initial earthquake, which are produced by further slips of the main fault or
adjacent faults in the strained region.
29. The distance between focus and epicenter.
30. The study of earthquakes and the waves they create.
31. Giant Ocean wave caused by earthquake that occur in the ocean floor.
/gss
TRUE OR FALSE
1. Aftershocks happen in most major earthquakes.
2. All waves can travel through all of the Earth.
3. Any earthquake over 8.0 will cause a tsunami.
4. Most major earthquakes have foreshocks.
5. Scientists have never successfully predicted an earthquake.
6.Floods are more common than fires as a result of earthquake damage.
7. In seismographs, the weighted pen moves but the rotating drum stays in one place.
8. The process of finding an epicenter location is called Richter analysis.
9. The Mercalli scale is used to tell the amount of death, injury and damage from an earthquake.
10. Scientists usually know where an earthquake is likely to happen.
11. Tsunamis have the tallest wave when they hit the shore/coast.
12. Surface waves cause the most damage.
13. S-waves cause more damage than P-waves.
14. The amount of damage in an earthquake depends only on the strength of the shaking.
15. One lag time (s-p interval) tells us the distance but not direction of the epicenter.
16. To have a tsunami, there must be vertical movement in the crust.
17. The correct sequence of events in an earthquake is: friction/pressure, bending of the land, friction is released in the
earthquake, the land snaps back straight but offset.
18. The epicenter is always above the focus.
19. The moment magnitude is based on the amount of ground shift, seismic data, type of rock and the area of
movement in the earthquake.
20. The fault is a single spot while the focus is a line or crack in the rock.
21. Steel provides a building strength and the ability to flex.
22. S-waves only travel through solids.
23. Three (3) stations are required to find the epicenter.
24. Concrete bricks are among the worse things to build with in earthquake prone areas.
25. The focus is always on a known fault.
26. The Mercalli scale is based on the amount of ground movement and seismic shaking.
27. Tsunami happen with only a small portion of earthquakes.
28. The moment magnitude is the most scientific way to describe the energy in an earthquake.
29. Earthquake waves bend and change speed when they come to different density materials.
30. The purpose of the Mercalli scale is to know where damage has happened in an earthquake.
31. The p-wave has the energy moving in a zig-zag motion.
32. The Richter scale is what the news reports will talk about the strength of an earthquake.
33. The seismogram is the instrument used to measure the seismic waves.
34. The seismograph is the instrument used to measure the seismic waves.
35. The shaking from earthquakes is worse in loose soil than solid bedrock.
36. The surface wave is released at the same time as the body waves (s and p).
37. The surface wave is the slowest wave.
38. Fires break out because of broken gas lines in the ground.
39. Liquefaction is worse in dry, solid bedrock.
40. The moment magnitude is the only scale needed and tells all of the necessary information about an earthquake.
41. The surface waves are usually like a rolling motion.
42. The s-wave is the fastest wave.
43. The waves of a tsunami in the open ocean are barely noticeable by boats.
44. Wood is better than brick but worse than steel in earthquake resistant buildings.
45. Tsunamis are travelling the fastest when they hit the shore.
46. Buildings should have some flex in them to withstand earthquake damage.
/gss
1 earthquake
2 fault
3 tectonic
4 volcanic
5 crust mantle core
6 tension compression shearing
7 compression
8 tension
9 shear
10 fault line
11 fault blocks
12 strike slip
13. normal fault
14. reverse
15. richter
16. PEIS
17. focus
18. epicenter
19. Phil Institute of Volcanology & Seismology
20. Body wave & Surface wave
21. Surface
22. love
23. Rayleigh
24. P wave
25. seismograph
26. ring of fire
27. elastic rebound theory
28. aftershocks
29. focal depth
30. seismology
31. tsunami
True or False
1T 21 T 41 T
2F 22 T 42 F
3F 23 T 43 T
4F 24 T 44 T
5T 25 F 45 F
6F 26 F 46 T
7F 27 T
8F 28 T
9T 29 T
10 T 30 T
11 T 31 F
12 T 32 T
13 T 33 F
14 F 34 T
15 T 35 T
16 T 36 F
17 T 37 T
18 T 38 T
19 T 39 F
20 F 40 F
