Name: PEDRAGOSA, SARAIL, STA.

TERESA Date Performed: 02/25/2023

Course & Year: BS ENE 3 Date Submitted: 03/03/2023
Activity No.: 5 Rating: _______________

DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

I. INTRODUCTION

The quantity of oxygen needed for the biological breakdown of organic materials a
predefined temperature and time for an aerobic reaction to occur is referred to as the sewage
or polluted water's biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D). The time is normally five days,
and the temperature is 20°C, according to the international standard. The B.O.D. test is one
of the most important techniques in sanitary analysis for determining the sewage, industrial
waste, or polluted water's ability to pollute. It explains. For sewage to be adequately
disposed of through dilution, a large amount of pure water must be diluted. The test is
particularly helpful for determining how much garbage enters treatment plants and how
much waste leaves them. And those systems’ function.

II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the activity, the student should be able to:

1. To determine the sample of wastewater’s Biological Oxygen Demand

III. PROCEDURE

These procedure steps will be followed on the simulator.

a. When you click on a BOD file, a new window will open as shown below. Go through the
solutions and description, and then click on the NEXT button at the bottom right corner to move
to the next step.
b. Click on the arrow mark and measure the Test Sample to be taken.
c. The measured 200ml Test Sample is taken in two BOD Bottles.
d. Dilute two BOD bottles with 200ml Test Sample by filling distilled water up to the bottle neck
and label it as Sample A and Sample B. Select the answer to the question displayed and then
click Next.
e. Click on the automatic pipette to add 1ml of MnSO4 solution to Sample A bottle.
f. Add 1ml of Alkali-iodide-azide solution to Sample A bottle.
g. Again follow the same procedure to add the Alkali-iodide-azide solution to Sample A bottle
carefully so that there is no bubble formation. Click Next.
h. Mix the solution by shaking the BOD bottle upside-down 25-30 times and allow the precipitate
to settle down at the bottom.
i. Add 1-2ml of conc. H2SO4 carefully without forming air bubbles. Press the up and down arrow
on the bulb to take and release the liquid into the BOD bottle.
j. Click on the bottle to shake it by inverting the BOD bottle till all the precipitate dissolves.
k. Take 200ml of sample in a conical flask using a pipette.
l. Click on the upper and lower arrow to take a sample and add it to the flask.
m. Click on the funnel to place it in the burette and the burette knob to take Na2S2O3 in the burette.
n. Titrate the solution against 0.025N Na2S2O3. Click on the knob to start the liquid running into
the conical flask.
o. Add 1ml Starch once the color of the solution changes to pale yellow, now the color changes to
blue then continue the titration till the blue color becomes colorless.
p. Note down the initial and final burette reading. Click Next.
q. Keep Sample B and put it into the BOD incubator for 5 days. Calibrate the temperature of the
BOD incubator to approximately 20°C.
r. Set the temperature of the incubator to 20°C and wait for 5 days.
s. Repeat steps 5 to 16 for Sample B. Note down the Initial and final Burette reading. Determine
the BOD of the sample using the formula.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

PRE- TEST

1. BOD is an important measure of ________

a. A measure of the biological activity of water and wastewater
b. An organism’s natural level of oxygen requirements
c. Oxygen content of water and wastewater
d. The oxygen using potential of water and waste water

2. What is the temperature required during the incubation period?

a. 20ºC
b. 15ºC
c. 25ºC
d. 30ºC

3. Nitrification Inhibitor used in determination of BOD ________

a. Dicyandiamide
b. Ammonium Thiosulfate
c. 2-chloro-5 (trichloromethyl) pyridine (TCMP)
d. Nitropyrene

4. A river water has a BOD level of 12 mg/l, then the water is

a. Less Polluted
b. Highly Polluted
c. Not Polluted
d. None of the Above
5. Samples bottles are completely filled up to the neck. Why?
a. To avoid mixing of air bubbles with the sample
b. To maintain the temperature of sample
c. To protect it from sunlight
d. All of the Above

POST TEST

1. What is the color change during titration with Na2S2O3 before adding starch?
a. Dark Yellow to Green
b. Green to Pale Yellow
c. Dark Yellow to Pale Yellow
d. None of the Above

2. What indicator is used during the titration?

a. Starch
b. Phenolphthalein
c. Methyl Orange
d. Methylene Blue

3. Select the correct statement.

a. 5 day BOD is the ultimate BOD
b. 5 day BOD is less than 4 day BOD keeping other conditions same
c. 5 day BOD is greater than 4 day BOD keeping other conditions same
d. BOD does not depend on time

4. High amount of dissolved oxygen in a lake indicate

a. High Turbidity
b. Less Water Quality
c. Better Water Quality
d. Excessive Aquatic Plant or Algae Blooms

5. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is computed by

a. Dissolve Oxygen / Dilution Factor
b. Dissolve Oxygen + Dilution Factor
c. Dissolve Oxygen – Dilution Factor
d. Dissolve Oxygen * Dilution Factor

Video link of simulation:

[Link]
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DATA RESULTS

The acceptable limit of biological oxygen demand in water is less than 6 mg/l. The sewage
disposal bod level is less than 30 mg/l. If the value is greater than the above average, then it needs
additional treatment before disposal. The water sample given has a bod level = of 130.0 mg/l, so
it is not in the standards range for drinking water.

BOD measures the quantity of oxygen necessary for aerobic decomposition, which
removes waste organic matter from water. When the BOD is higher, there is a larger need for
oxygen, which lowers the amount of oxygen available for organisms to consume and degrades the
water's quality. High demand may therefore signal a drop in dissolved oxygen levels, which could
be detrimental to the biodiversity of the river.

BOD has a direct impact on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in rivers and streams.
The rate of oxygen loss in the stream is accelerated by BOD. Higher aquatic life can therefore
breathe less oxygen. The negative effects of excess BOD on aquatic life are the same as those of
low dissolved oxygen: mortality, asphyxia, and stress.

These process such as filtration, coagulation, flocculation, and aerobic and anaerobic
biological treatment should be used to treat raw wastewater with a high BOD level. Additionally,
a BOD analysis should be performed on the discharged treated effluent to ensure that it will not
disrupt any ecosystems or waterways that are receiving it.

CONCLUSION

The amount of oxygen that organisms need to survive is known as their biological oxygen
requirement. that process wastewater for organic waste. In order to calculate BOD, a water sample
is held. The oxygen concentration is measured again after five days at 20°C with the prescribed
amount of oxygen. then bod is calculated. We may infer that it is used to base on the information
presented above. count the quantity of specific organic waste pollutant categories. A high torso
indicates that there are abundant, indicating that waste water is extremely polluted and requires
before disposal or for other purposes, additional procedure or treatment.
REFERENCES

[Link]

Florida. (2023). Learn More: Dissolved Oxygen - Sarasota County Water Atlas -
[Link]. [Link].
[Link]

IS 3025 (Part 44)-1983: Method of Sampling and Test (Physical and Chemical) for Water and
Waste water: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (First Revision).

Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., and Parkin, G. F. 2000. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering.
Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.

AWWA, WEF, APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examinations of Water and Waste Water
(Method: 5120B, 5 –day BOD).