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Period 3 Chlorides: Properties & Reactions

The oxidation numbers of Period 3 elements increase from +1 in sodium to +5 in phosphorus due to the use of valence electrons in bonding with chlorine, which has a higher electronegativity. Ionic chlorides like NaCl and MgCl₂ dissolve in water without reacting, while AlCl₃ dissociates and forms an acidic solution. Non-metal chlorides such as SiCl₄ and PCl₅ undergo hydrolysis, producing HCl and resulting in acidic solutions.

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30 views13 pages

Period 3 Chlorides: Properties & Reactions

The oxidation numbers of Period 3 elements increase from +1 in sodium to +5 in phosphorus due to the use of valence electrons in bonding with chlorine, which has a higher electronegativity. Ionic chlorides like NaCl and MgCl₂ dissolve in water without reacting, while AlCl₃ dissociates and forms an acidic solution. Non-metal chlorides such as SiCl₄ and PCl₅ undergo hydrolysis, producing HCl and resulting in acidic solutions.

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IODICIT

ER

Y
P 10.6 - 10.7

Fio & Ari


Chlorides of Period 3
elements
As we move across Period 3 from
sodium (Na) to sulfur (S), the
oxidation numbers of the elements in
their chlorides increase due to the
following reasons:
1. Valence Electrons
in Bonding:
Period 3 elements use all their valence
electrons to bond with chlorine (Cl), which
has an oxidation number of -1.
Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron,
magnesium (Mg) has 2, aluminum (Al) has 3,
silicon (Si) has 4, and phosphorus (P) has 5.
The number of valence electrons used in
bonding increases from left to right.
2. Electronegativity
Chlorine is more electronegative
than the Period 3 elements,
attracting electrons more strongly
and resulting in positive oxidation
states for these elements.
3. Increasing Oxidation What is its chemical
formula?
Numbers:
Sodium forms NaCl (+1 oxidation state for
Na). Add an image here.
- Magnesium forms MgCl₂ (+2 for Mg).
- Aluminum forms AlCl₃ (+3 for Al).
- Silicon forms SiCl₄ (+4 for Si).
- Phosphorus forms PCl₃ (+3 for P) and PCl₅
(+5 for P).
Add a fun fact here.
What is its chemical
Summary: formula?

The oxidation numbers of Period 3


elements rise from +1 in sodium to +5 in Add an image here.
phosphorus because they use all their
valence electrons in bonding with chlorine,
which has a higher electronegativity,
resulting in positive oxidation states.

Add a fun fact here.


Effect of water on
chlorides of period 3
elements
The chlorides of Period 3 elements
show characteristic behavior when
added to water, influenced by their
structure and bonding.
1. Ionic Chlorides (NaCl and What is its chemical
formula?
MgCl₂):
Behavior: Do not react with water.
Process: Water molecules attract and
dissolve the ions, breaking down the giant
ionic structures, resulting in hydrated ions.

pAdd a fun fact here.


What is its chemical
2. Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃): formula?

Structure: Exists as Al₂Cl₆ (covalent dimer)


without water but forms ionic hydrated crystals
(AlCl₃·6H₂O) in water.
Behavior: When added to water, Al₂Cl₆
dissociates into Al³⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
Hydrolysis: Al³⁺ ions are highly charged and
small, causing water molecules to lose H⁺ ions,
making the solution acidic.

pAdd a fun fact here.


3. Non-Metal Chlorides (SiCl₄ What is its chemical
formula?
and PCl₅):
Behavior: Undergo hydrolysis in water.
Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl₄):
Reaction: Rapid hydrolysis producing white fumes of HCl gas
and solid SiO₂.

Result: Acidic solution due to dissolved HCl.


Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl₅):
Reaction: Hydrolysis producing H₃PO₄ and HCl.
pAdd a fun fact here.
SUMMARY
- Ionic chlorides (NaCl and MgCl₂) dissolve without reacting,
forming hydrated ions.
- AlCl₃, a covalent dimer in anhydrous form, dissociates and
hydrolyzes in water, making the solution acidic.
- Non-metal chlorides (SiCl₄ and PCl₅) undergo rapid hydrolysis,
releasing HCl and forming acidic solutions.
THANK YOU

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