Electrical Department WCE Sangli

EXPERIMENT NO 03
TITLE: To study R-L-C Series Circuit.

OBJECTIVES: To understand an R-L-C series circuit and calculate some parameters.

APPARATUS:

Sr. No. Item Rating Quantity

1 1 phase dimmer stat
2 AC Ammeter
3 AC Voltmeter
4 Choke
5 Rheostat
6 Capacitor

THEORY:
A. Series R-L-C circuit:

Consider a circuit in which a rheostat (which is a variable resistor), an inductor & a capacitor are
connected in series. Let a sinusoidal alternating voltage (V) be applied across the circuit. ‘I’
flows through R-L-C and resultant voltage is the combination of VR, VL and VC. Hence, v =
Vmsinωt

Also, I = V
Z

‘ Z ’ is known as impedance of the circuit.

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When VL> VC, it is given as; Z = R + j ( X − X ) .

L C

The magnitude of impedance is given as; Z = R2 + (X − X )2

L C

When VL< VC, it is given as;𝑍̅ = 𝑅 + 𝑗(𝑋𝐶 − 𝑋𝐿 ).

The magnitude of impedance is given as; Z = √𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐶 − 𝑋𝐿 )2

Where,

XL = Inductive reactance = 2L Ohm (‘L’ is in Henry)

XC = Capacitive reactance = 1 Ohm (‘C’ is in Farad)

2fC

Case 1: XL = XC, VL = VC Case 2: XL > XC, VL > VC

Case 3: XL < XC, VL < VC

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B. R-L circuit:

𝑉 = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 gives the phasor sum of VL and IR, where VR is in phase with I and VL leads I by
90°. 𝑍 = √𝑋𝐿2 + 𝑅 2 , where XL is the inductive reactance. The angle between V and I is given by
𝑉𝐿 𝑋𝐿
θ as tanθ = = .
𝑉𝑅 𝑅

C. R-C circuit:

In series R-C circuit same current passes through R and L. 𝑉 = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐶2 gives the phasor sum of
VR and VC, where VR is in phase with I and VC lags I by 90°. Here, VR=IR and Z is given as

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𝑉𝐶 𝑋𝐶
𝑍 = √𝑋𝐶2 + 𝑅 2 . . The angle between V and I is given by θ as tanθ= = .
𝑉𝑅 𝑅

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.

2) Change the input voltage in the circuit.
3) For each input voltage, read and note down VR, VL, VC.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All connections should be perfectly tight.

2. Do not switch on the supply until and unless the connections are checked by the teacher.
3. Ensure the dimmer stat is at zero position and all rheostats to maximum resistance
position before switching the supply ON.
4. Avoid error due to parallax while reading the meters.
5. The current flowing through the rheostat should not exceed their ratings.

Schematic diagram of experimental set up:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF R-L-C SERIES CIRCUIT

R L C
Ph

VR VC
VL
1PH, 230V,
50 Hz
VRL (0 - 1 A)
A.C.Supply A
VT
N
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V
(0 - 300V)
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OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr.N Vin Iin VR VL VC R=VR/Iin XL=VL/Iin XC=VC/Iin

O.
(Volt) (Ampere) (Volt) (Volt) (Volt) (Ohms) (Ohms) (Ohms)

1 100

2 130

3 170

4 200

CALCULATION:
𝑉𝑅
A) PARAMETERS: i) R = 
𝐼𝑖𝑛

𝑉𝐿
ii) XL = 
𝐼𝑖𝑛

𝑉𝐶
iii) XC = 
𝐼𝑖𝑛

iv) L = X L Henry
2f

v) C = 1 Farad
2fX C

(B) CALCULATE Lavg and Cavg

𝑋
𝐿1
i. L1 = 2𝛱𝑓 H
𝑋
𝐿2
ii. L2 = 2𝛱𝑓 H
𝑋
𝐿3
iii. L3= 2𝛱𝑓 H
𝑋
𝐿4
iv. L4 = 2𝛱𝑓 H
v. Lavg =

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Also,
1
i. C1 = 2𝛱𝐹𝑋
𝐶1
1
ii. C2 = 2𝛱𝐹𝑋
𝐶2
1
iii. C3 = 2𝛱𝐹𝑋
𝐶3
1
iv. C4 = 2𝛱𝐹𝑋
𝐶4
v. Cavg =

(C) APPLY KVL AND VERIFY Vin

Vin2 = VR2 + (VL - VC)2

CONCLUSION:

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