Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering

EXPERIMENT 3

PEE2L-M
Electrical Circuits 2

Submitted By:
MANAOIS, ETHAN
ZACHARY A.

Date Submitted:
MAY 26, 2023
INSTRUCTOR:
Engr. Mervyn Anthony Ramos
Name: Course: BSEE Yr. & Sec: 2B
Subject: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 Time: Room:
Instructor: Engr. Mervyn Ramos Date Date
Performed: Submitted:
05/24/2023 05/25/2023
Experiment IMPEDANCE OF A SERIES RL, RC, AND Rating:
No. 4 RLC CICRUIT

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To verify Ohm’s Law for series AC circuits

2. To determine the behavior of combined elements i.e. RL, RC, RLC series in an
AC circuit.
3. To make a comparison between the calculated values with measured values
4. To know the phase angle between current and voltage using diagram /
Impedance triangle as a tool.

II. THEORY

Impedance of an AC circuit is a vector quantity i.e. it has both magnitude and

direction which can be resolved into a horizontal (real) and vertical (imaginary) components.
Thus it can be plotted on a cartesian coordinate using the real axis for the resistance and
imaginary axis for either inductive or capacitive reactance.

RL in Series

√𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2
XL
XL ∅
R R
Vector Diagram Impedance Triangle
𝐸
Z = R + jXL I=𝑍

Z = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 ∠+∅ VL = IXL

𝑋𝐿
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 VR = IR
𝑅
 𝑅
∅ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 |𝑍|

`RC in Series

−𝑋𝑐
√𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2
Vector Diagram Impedance Triangle
Z = R + j 𝑋𝑐 VC = I𝑋𝑐

Z = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝑐 2 ∠−∅ VR = IR

𝑋𝑐
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑅
𝑅
∅ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 |𝑍|

RLC in Series

Z = R + j(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝑐 )
R
Z = √𝑅2 +(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝑐 )2 ∠ ± ∅𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝑐

𝑋𝐿 −𝑋𝑐
∅ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑅
Vector Diagram

a) If 𝑋𝐿 > 𝑋𝑐 b. If 𝑋𝐿 ∠𝑋𝑐
=

Impedance Triangle
In all cases Ohm’s Law is applicable
III. INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENTS

1 Variac
3 AC voltmeter (0-250V)
1 AC ammeter (0-2 amp)
Resistive load RL module
Inductive load IL module
Capacitive load CL module
Connecting Wires
Dual Trace Oscilloscope

IV. PROCEDURES

CAUTION: High voltages are present in this experiment! Do not make any
connection with the power on! The power should be turned off after completing each
individual measurement.

1. For each of the following circuits:

a. Calculate the unknown quantities using the equations presented in the
THEORY section. Show all calculations in the space provided adjacent to the
circuit.
b. Record your calculated results in the space provided.
c. Using your modules connect the circuit as shown in each figure.
d. Turn-in the power supply and adjust for the value of current as specified in
each procedure.
e. Make the required measurements and record them in the space provided.
f. Return the voltage to zero and turn-off the power supply.
g. Compare your calculated values with your measured values.

2. See the circuit show in Fig. 4-1

 Circuit
Impedance Z = __________ Ω (magnitude only)
Calculate
Phase Angle ∅ = __________ (in degrees) (?) Lagging or leading _________
Measured Phase
Angle ∅ = __________

Calculated 𝐸𝑆 = __________ volts Measured 𝐸𝑆 = 104.7140 volts

Calculated 𝑉𝐿 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝐿 = 94.552 volts

Calculated 𝑉𝑅 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝑅 = 45V volts

SIMULATED RESULTS 4-1

 DIAGRAM

OSCILLOSCOPE

3. See the circuit shown in Fig. 4-2.

 Circuit
Impedance Z = __________ Ω (magnitude only)
Calculate
Phase Angle ∅ = __________ (in degrees) (?) Lagging or leading _________
Measured Phase
Angle ∅ = __________

Calculated 𝐸𝑆 = __________ volts Measured 𝐸𝑆 = _62.7632 volts

Calculated 𝑉𝐿 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝐿 = _56.658 volts

Calculated 𝑉𝑅 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝑅 = _27 _ volts

SIMULATED RESULTS 4-2:

 DIAGRAM

OSCILLOSCOPE
 4. See the circuit shown in Fig. 4-3

Circuit
Impedance Z = __________ Ω (magnitude only)
Calculate
Phase Angle ∅ = __________ (in degrees) (?) Lagging or leading _________
Measured Phase
Angle ∅ = __________

Calculated 𝐸𝑆 = __________ volts Measured 𝐸𝑆 = _______ volts

Calculated 𝑉𝐿 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝐿 = _______ volts

Calculated 𝑉𝑅 = __________ volts Measured 𝑉𝑅 = _______ volts

SIMULATED RESULTS 4-3:
V. COMPUTATION
VI. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
VII. CONCLUSION
VIII. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. Does the sum of the voltage drops equal to the source voltage 𝐸𝑆 in procedures 2,
3 and 4? Explain.

2. Is there any discrepancy between your measured and calculated values? Explain.

3. If the source voltage 𝐸𝑆 were reduced to one-half its value for each of the circuits;
a) Would any of the current values be affected? Explain.
 b) Would the phase angle change? Explain.

4. Given e = 311.13 sin(377t + 20˚) volts

I = 10 cos(377t - 60˚) amp.

Calculate: a) Magnitude of impedance Z

b) Angle between current and voltage