Exp 5 Preliminary Report

Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• ACME1L
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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• ACME1L
LABORATORY
EXPERIMENT FIVE
Delta – Wye Transformations
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To familiarize the students with the theoretical method of transforming delta networks to wye
network, or vice-versa.
2. To prove experimentally that the delta network can be transformed into its equivalent wye
network, or vice-versa.
II. THEORY
The wye and delta networks derived their names from their shapes. The delta, as shown in Figure 5.1,
consists of three elements which are interconnected forming a triangle like the Greek letter delta, while the
wye shown in Figure 5.2, also consisting of three elements, are interconnected to form the capital letter Y.
The delta and wye networks are equivalent since they can be transformed to replace the other. For a
particular delta network to be equivalent to a wye network, the resistance and consequently the voltage
between the corresponding pairs of terminals and consequently the current in each terminal must be equal.
Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2
If we ignore terminal 3, the resistance between terminals 1 and 2 must be the same for both networks.
For the wye circuit of Figure 5.2, the circuit is a simple series circuit giving:
R12 = R1 + R2
For the delta network, there are two branches in parallel between terminals 1 and 2, giving:
𝑅𝐴 (𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶 )
𝑅12 =
𝑅𝐴 + (𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶 )

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LABORATORY
Therefore,
𝑅𝐴 (𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶)
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = → equation (1)
𝑅𝐴 +(𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶)
Similarly,
𝑅𝐶 (𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 )
𝑅𝐶 +(𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 )
And
𝑅𝐵 (𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶)
𝑅𝐵 +(𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐶)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) gives:
𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅1 − 𝑅3 = 𝐴 𝐵 𝐵 𝐶→ equation (4)
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶
Adding equation (3) and equation (4):
2𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐵
2𝑅1 =
For which,
𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐵
𝑅1 =
Likewise,
𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝑐
𝑅2 =
And,
𝑅𝐵 𝑅𝐶
𝑅3 =
These are the delta to wye transformation equations. In using them, we must be careful to associate
the numerical values of the original delta circuit with their proper counter parts in the transformation
equations. Note that there is a simple pattern for the three equations.
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝑹 =
𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔
We can also reduce equations 1, 2 and 3 algebraically to solve the equivalent delta circuit from a given
wye circuit. The wye to delta transformation equations are usually stated as:
𝑅1 𝑅2 +𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅𝐴 =
𝑅3
𝑅1 𝑅2 +𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅𝐵 =
𝑅2
𝑅1 𝑅2 +𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅𝐶 =
𝑅1
Again, the three equations have a pattern,
𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒀 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒂𝒕 𝒂 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

𝑹 =
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒀 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔
III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

3 1K potentiometers
1 Breadboard

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LABORATORY
1 Regulated DC Power Supply
1 Digital multimeter / VOM
3 Carbon Resistors (1W)
1 33 
1 22 
1 10 
Connecting wires
IV. PROCEDURES
1. Adjust the settings of potentiometers R A, RB, and RC to 150, 200 and 100 respectively.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 5.3.
3. Turn on the power supply. Measure the currents I1 , I2, and I3 and the voltages V1 and V2. Record
the results in Table 5.1.
4. Turn off the power supply.
5. With the given values of RA, RB, and RC, compute for the equivalent values of RAB, RBC, and RCA.
Record these values in Table 5.2.
6. With no changes made to the settings of the potentiometers, measure the resistance between
each pair of terminals of the wye network (Figure 5.5). Record the results in Table 5.3.
7. Adjust RAB, RBC, and RCA to the computed values of Step 5.
8. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 5.4
9. Turn on the power supply. Measure the currents I1, I2, and I3 and the voltages V1 and V2. Record all
the results in Table 5.1.
10. Turn off the power supply.
11. With no changes made to the settings of the potentiometers, measure the resistance between
each pair of terminals of the delta network (Figure 5.5). Record the results in Table 5.3.
12. Compute for the percent difference between the two sets of measured values. Use the averages
of each pair of measured values as the “correct” values.
Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4

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LABORATORY
Figure 5.5

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LABORATORY
V. Simulations
FIGURE 5.3
Equivalent Resistance of RAB(WYE)

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LABORATORY
Equivalent Resistance of RBC(WYE)
Equivalent Resistance of RAC(WYE)

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LABORATORY
VI. DATA AND RESULTS
Table 5.1
I1 I2 I3 Iave V1 V2
Wye 46.774mA 15.497mA 31.276mA 31.182mA 10.116V 0.028177V
Delta 46.774mA 15.497mA 31.276mA 31.182mA 10.116V 0.028177V
Computed 46.6mA 15.5mA 31.3mA 31.2mA 10.119V 0.028V
% Difference 0.055571% 0.0193587% 0.0767067% 0.057709% 0.0296516% 0.630151%
Table 5.2
RA RB RC RAB RBC RCA
150 Ω 200 Ω 100 Ω 650 Ω 433.333 Ω 325 Ω
Table 5.3
R12 R23 R31
Wye network 350 Ω 300 250
Delta network 350 Ω 300 250
% Difference 0% 0% 0%

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• ACME1L
LABORATORY
VII. COMPUTATIONS
TABLE 5.1
PERCENT DIFFERENCE VOLTAGE ACROSS
V1 =12-1.54-0.341
|46.774−46.81|
I1 = (46.774+46.81) 𝑥100 = 0.055571% V1 =10.119V
2
|15.497−15.5|
V2 =0.341- 0.313
I2 = (15.497+15.5) 𝑥100 = 0.0193587% V2 =0.028V
2
|31.276−31.3| V= 73.55Ω(0.0468A)
I3 = (31.276+31.3) 𝑥100 = 0.0767067% V=3.44V
2
CURRENT ACROSS
12𝑉
IAVE =
|31.182−31.2|
𝑥100 = 0.057709% I1 =256.55Ω = 0.0468𝐴𝑜𝑟46.8𝑚𝐴
(31.182+31.2)
2
3.44𝑉
|10.116−10.119|
I2 = 222Ω
V1 = (10.116+10.119) 𝑥100 = 0.0296516% I =0.0155A or 15.5 mA
2
2
3.44𝑉
|28.177−28| I3 = 100Ω
V2 = (28.177+28) 𝑥100 = 0.630151%
2 I3 = 0.0313A or 31.3mA
𝐼1+𝐼2+𝐼3 46.774+15.497+31.276
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 3 = 3
IAVE =𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝐦𝐀 𝐨𝐫 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟐A

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• ACME1L
LABORATORY
FOR TABLE 5.2

(𝑹𝑨𝑩 )(𝑹𝑪𝑨) (𝑹𝑨𝑩 )(𝑹𝑩𝑪)
RA = 𝑹 RB = 𝑹
𝑨𝑩 +𝑹𝑪𝑨+𝑹𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩 +𝑹𝑪𝑨 +𝑹𝑩𝑪
(𝟔𝟓𝟎)(𝟑𝟐𝟓) (𝟔𝟓𝟎)(𝟒𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑)
RA = 𝟔𝟓𝟎+𝟑𝟐𝟓+𝟒𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑 RB = 𝟔𝟓𝟎+𝟑𝟐𝟓+𝟒𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑
RA = 150 Ω RB = 199.99 Ω OR 200 Ω
(𝑹𝑩𝑪 )(𝑹𝑪𝑨 ) 𝑹 𝑹 +𝑹 𝑹 +𝑹 𝑹
RC = 𝑹 RAB = 𝑨 𝑩 𝑹𝑩 𝑪 𝑨 𝑪
𝑨𝑩 +𝑹𝑪𝑨+𝑹𝑩𝑪 𝑨
(𝟔𝟓𝟎)(𝟒𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑) (𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟐𝟎𝟎)+(𝟐𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)+(𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
RC = RAB =
𝟔𝟓𝟎+𝟑𝟐𝟓+𝟒𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟓𝟎
RC = 99.99 Ω OR 100 Ω RAB = 650 Ω
𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑩 +𝑹𝑩 𝑹𝑪 +𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑩 +𝑹𝑩 𝑹𝑪 +𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑪
RBC = RCA =
𝑹𝑩 𝑹𝑩
(𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟐𝟎𝟎)+(𝟐𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)+(𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟐𝟎𝟎)+(𝟐𝟎𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)+(𝟏𝟓𝟎)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
RBC = RCA =
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
RBC = 433.33 Ω RCA = 325 Ω
TABLE 5.3
Wye NETWORK
R12 = RARB(RBRC + RCRA) = 650 Ω(433.33 Ω + 325 Ω) = 350 Ω
RARB + RBRC + RCRA 650 Ω + 433.33 Ω + 325 Ω
R23 = RBRC(RARB + RCRA) = 433.33 Ω(650 Ω + 325 Ω) = 300 Ω

RBRC + RCRA + RARB 433.33 Ω + 433.33 Ω + 325 Ω
R31 = RCRA(RARB + RBRC) = 325 Ω(650 Ω + 433.33Ω) = 250 Ω

RARB + RBRC + RCRA 650 Ω + 433.33 Ω + 325 Ω
DELTA NETWORK
R12 = RA + RB R23 = RB + RC R31 = RC + RA
R12 = 150 Ω + 200 Ω R23 = 200 Ω + 100 Ω R31 = 100 Ω + 150 Ω
R12 = 350 Ω R23 = 300 Ω R31 = 250 Ω

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LABORATORY
PERCENT DIFFERENCE
𝑉1 − 𝑉2
𝑉1+𝑉2 𝑥 100
( )
2
350−350 300−300
R12 = 350+350 𝑥 100 = 0% R23 = 300+ 300 𝑥 100 = 0%
( ) ( )
2 2
250−250
R31 = 250+250 𝑥 100 = 0
( )
2

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LABORATORY
VIII. CONCLUSION

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LABORATORY
IX. GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. In the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit shown below, R1 and R4 have a resistance of 300  each and R2 and
R3 have a resistance of 150  each. If the source voltage is 100 V, what current flows through the
galvanometer if its resistance is 50 ?
Given
R1 = 300W
R2 = 150W
R3 =150W
R4 = 300w
Vt= 100 V
RG = 50 Ω
FOR THE EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE
Req = (R1R3/R1 + R3)+ R2R4/R2+R4

Req = [(300)(150)/300+150) + (150)(300)/150+300)]
Req = 200 Ω
Ω = (100+100) Ω ; R12 =100 Ω and R34 = 100 Ω
FOR THE TOTAL CURRENT(It)

It = Vt/Req
It = 100V/200 Ω
It = 0.5A
FIND V TO GET THE VALUE OF I1, I2
V1 = (It)(R12)
V = (0.5A)(100 Ω)
V= 50V
V2 = (It)(R34)
V2 = (0.5A)(100 Ω)
V2 = 50V

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LABORATORY
2. Use delta-wye transformations to determine what voltage must be applied to the input terminals of
the lattice network shown below to draw 2 A current from the source when a 20  load is connected
to the output terminals.
Solution:
(30Ω)(10Ω)
RA =20Ω+30Ω+20Ω = 8.571Ω
(20Ω)(10Ω)
RB =20Ω+30Ω+20Ω = 5.574Ω
(20Ω)(30Ω)
RC =20Ω+30Ω+20Ω = 8.571Ω
Then;
RA3 = 8.571Ω+ 20Ω=28.571 Ω
RB4 = 5.714 Ω+30 Ω= 35.714 Ω
Let:
RX =RC RY = RA3 RZ = RB4
1
RYT = 1 1 = 15.873Ω
+
28.571Ω 35.714Ω
TOTAL RESISTANCE
RT = 8.571Ω+ 15.873 Ω=24.444 Ω
Thus;
VT = IT + RT
VT = (2A)(24.444 Ω)
VT = 48.888 V

14

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Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒀 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒂𝒕 𝒂 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Equivalent Resistance of RAB(WYE)

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Equivalent Resistance of RAC(WYE)

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

FOR TABLE 5.2

R23 = RBRC(RARB + RCRA) = 433.33 Ω(650 Ω + 325 Ω) = 300 Ω

R31 = RCRA(RARB + RBRC) = 325 Ω(650 Ω + 433.33Ω) = 250 Ω

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

FOR THE EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE

Req = (R1R3/R1 + R3)+ R2R4/R2+R4

Ω = (100+100) Ω ; R12 =100 Ω and R34 = 100 Ω

FOR THE TOTAL CURRENT(It)

FIND V TO GET THE VALUE OF I1, I2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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