DIFFERENTIAL

CALCULUS
DERIVATIVES OF
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
Prepared by:
Prof. Arthur Glenn A. Guillen
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSS FOR THIS WEEK

➢ THE DERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS

1. Formulas on Differentiation of Algebraic Functions
2. The Derivatives of Composite Functions (Chain Rule)
➢ IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
➢ HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES
THE DERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC
FUNCTIONS
Using the four-step rule to find the derivative of a function is time-consuming and tedious. To
simplify the lengthy process, theorems and formulas are introduced in this section. Examples
are provided to assist the reader in understanding them.
Formulas on Differentiation of Algebraic
Functions

𝒅 𝑷𝑶𝑾𝑬𝑹 𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑼𝑳𝑨
𝒄 =𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝒏
𝒅 𝒙 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙
(𝒙) = 𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
𝒅 𝒅 𝒄𝒙𝒏 = 𝒄𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙
(𝒄𝒙) = 𝒄 (𝒙) = 𝒄
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Formulas on Differentiation of Algebraic
Functions
𝒅 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗 𝑸𝑼𝑶𝑻𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻 𝑹𝑼𝑳𝑬
𝒖±𝒗 = ±
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝒖 𝒗𝒖′ − 𝒖𝒗′
=
𝒅𝒙 𝒗 𝒗𝟐
𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑫𝑼𝑪𝑻 𝑹𝑼𝑳𝑬
𝒅
𝒅 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒖 𝒖𝒏 = 𝒏𝒖𝒏−𝟏 ∙ 𝒖′
𝒖𝒗 = 𝒖 +𝒗 = 𝒖𝒗′ + 𝒗𝒖′ 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅
𝒖𝒗𝒘 = 𝒖𝒗𝒘′ + 𝒖𝒗′ 𝒘 + 𝒖′ 𝒗𝒘
𝒅𝒙
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IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

An explicit function is a function in which the dependent variable 𝑦 is expressed solely in terms
1 4
of the independent variable 𝑥, namely 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥); for example, 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 4. Whereas an
equivalent equation 2𝑦 − 𝑥 4 − 8 = 0 is said to be define a function implicitly. In this case the
derivative by the process called implicit differentiation. The process consist of differentiating
𝑑𝑦
both sides of the equation to 𝑥 by using the rules of differentiation and the solve for .
𝑑𝑥
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HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES

If 𝑓 is a differentiable function, then its derivative 𝑓’ is also a function, so 𝑓’ may have a

derivative of its own, denoted by 𝑓’ ’ = 𝑓’’. This new notation 𝑓’’ is called the second
derivative of 𝑓 because it is the derivative of the derivative of 𝑓. Look at three different ways of
writing the second derivative of a function.

2
𝑑 𝑦
𝑓 ′′ ′′
𝑥 =𝑦 = 2
𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLES

2𝑥
Find the second derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1.
EXAMPLES

1
Find the fourth derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−3.
EXAMPLES

Find the derivatives of all orders of the polynomial function

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 13
EXAMPLES

1
Find a general expression for the 𝑛𝑡ℎ derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥.
EXAMPLES

Find the second order derivative given that 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 16

Problem Set 3 / Unit Test 2

A. Find the derivative of the following. (5 points per correct answer)

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (5𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 7)
𝑥 2 −3
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−5
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 5

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 𝑐𝑥 − 𝑑
Problem Set 3 / Unit Test 2

B. Find the derivative of the following. (5 points per correct answer)

1. 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦
2. 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 + 2𝑦 2
3. 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑥
C. Find all the derivatives to the 𝑛𝑡ℎ order from 𝑛 = 1 to 𝑛 = 6. (3 points per derivative)
1. 𝑦 = 25𝑥 5 − 41𝑥 4 + 236𝑥 3 − 141𝑥 2 − 1264𝑥 + 2352
5
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 5
Deadline of Submission of Problem Set 3 / Unit Test 2:

Week 9
Write legibly. I will be going to check your work. Work by yourself. Submit your
work until 11:59PM of the scheduled day. There will be a special bonus who will
pass in advance. More special bonus to come! Keep updated!
ANNOUNCEMENTS
WEEK 10 – The Derivatives of Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
WEEK 11 – The Derivatives of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions, and
Hyperbolic and Inverse Functions
WEEK 12 – MIDTERM EXAMINATION (Coverage: COVER TO COVER)