CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.1.

Literature Review

Currently the implementation of microcontrollers at various fields of control engineering became a prime importance. Various types of microcontrollers are available at markets, choosing the right type depends on the desired application . In general a Microcontroller is an integrated chip that typically contains integrated central processing unit (CPU), memory and input/output ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers can be used in various fields such as (Smart card readers,mp3 decoders, keyless entry system, Burglar Alarm System, Cell Phones.

Microcontrollers types Atmel AVR needs only one clock cycle per operation. Microchip PIC needs 4 clock cycle per operation. NEC 76k0 needs 4 clock cycle per operation. 8051 needs 12 clock cycle per operation. Motorola HC908 needs 3 cycles per operation.

1.2.

Objectives:
create a Car that can identify a parking space and parallel park by itself. This car is considered as a small model for a real car. While building this self-parking car , skills of using microcontrollers and sensors will be gained , and gain full understanding of microcontrollers programming.

The primarily objective of this study is to:

1. To

2.

1.3.

Problem statement:

Parallel parking can be an annoying problem for drivers, especially at the crowded areas. Several methods have been implemented, however the problem still exists. This project provides a very low price device that helps drivers to avoid parallel parking problems using microcontrollers and sensor devices.

1.4.

Methodology:

The Car drives down a street searching for a parking space to its right using a distance sensor. When the car has identified a space, it checks to see whether that space is large enough to park in. If it determined that there is

sufficient space, the car will begin parallel parking into that space. It uses information from sensors placed on the front, right, and rear of the car to direct the car into the parking space. Once the car has parked, it will remain in that position.

Sensor :
The sensors are devices utilized for measuring the physical signals and convert them to electrical signals, there are some types of sensors like pressure sensors, temperature sensors , light sensors and voice sensors etc . The distance sensors are used in our project , We used three infrared distance sensors to determine the distance between our car and nearby objects . 1.5.

Research layout

This research includes five chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the study. Chapter 2