Nature of Chapter:

1) This is not practically a chapter of JEE syllabus rather it is a topic which

we study under Basic Mathematics.

2) This topic is a collection of few properties of logarithms which we use to

simplify many expressions, time to time.

3) Primarily we need to practice these properties and their manipulations.

4) Direct questions are not really asked much in Jee, but its applications
(direct/indirect ) is used a lot.
 Logarithms

• Basics of logarithm
• Properties of Logarithms
Basics of Logarithms

loga b = c
 Basics of Logarithms

loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)

 Basics of Logarithms

loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)

Ex. Consider the following examples.

(a) log749 = (b) log1010000 =

(c) (d)
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution:
Q Which of the following is false?

D None of these
Q Which of the following is false?

D None of these
Q Which of the following is false?

Solution:
 If logab = 2; logbc = 2 and log3 c = 3 + log3 a, then
Q
the value of

Solution:
 Observations

(a) loga a = 1

(b) loga 1 = 0
Properties of Logarithms
 Properties of Logarithms

(a) logam + logan = loga mn

(b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Q Find the values of the following expressions

(a) log5 50 - log5 2 (b)

(c)

(d) 6 log10 2 + 2 log10 5 - 3log10 3

Q Find the values of the following expressions

(a) log5 50 - log5 2 (b)

Solution:
Q Find the values of the following expressions

(c)

(d) 6 log10 2 + 2 log10 5 - 3log10 3

Solution:

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Q Show that:

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Q Show that:

Solution:
 Properties of Logarithms

Lets prove :

(a) logam + logan = loga mn

 Q Find the value of log3 (log5 125).

Ex
 Q Find the value of log3 (log5 125).

Solution:

log3 (log5 125)

= log3 (3)
=1

Ex
 Q

A 3log27

B 3log77

C 1 - 3log72

D 1 - 3log27

Ex
 Q

A 3log27

B 3log77

C 1 - 3log72

D 1 - 3log27

Ex
 Q

Solution:

Ex
 Multiple correct questions IIT 2013

Q If 3x = 4x - 1 , then x =

D
 Multiple correct questions IIT 2013

Q If 3x = 4x - 1 , then x =

D
 Multiple correct questions IIT 2013

Q If 3x = 4x - 1 , then x =

Solution:
Q If a2 + 4b2 = 12ab, then log (a + 2b) is

A ½ (4 log 2 + log a + log b)

B 0

C (log 2 + log a + log b)

D (4 log 2 + log a - log b)

Q If a2 + 4b2 = 12ab, then log (a + 2b) is

A ½ (4 log 2 + log a + log b)

B 0

C (log 2 + log a + log b)

D (4 log 2 + log a - log b)

Q If a2 + 4b2 = 12ab, then log (a + 2b) is

Solution:
Q If a2 + 4b2 = 12ab, then log (a + 2b) is

Solution:
Q The value of (log10 2)3 + log10 8. log105 + (log105)3 is ______.

Recall

a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)
Q The value of (log10 2)3 + log10 8. log105 + (log105)3 is ______.

Solution:
 Q Solve the following equations:

(a) 2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

(b) loga x + loga (x - 3) = loga 10

(c) log2 (log3 x) = 3

Recall:
loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)
Q Solve the following equations:

(a) 2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

Q Solve the following equations:

(a) 2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

Solution:

2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

⇒ 2 log3 3 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)
⇒ log3 9 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)
⇒ log3 243 = log3 (4x + 7)
⇒ 4x + 7 = 243
⇒ 4x = 236
⇒ x = 59
Q Solve the following equations:

(b) loga x + loga (x - 3) = loga 10

Q Solve the following equations:

(b) loga x + loga (x - 3) = loga 10

Solution:

loga x + loga (x - 3) = loga 10

⇒ loga[x (x - 3)] = loga 10
⇒ x (x - 3) = 10
⇒ x2 - 3x - 10 = 0
⇒ (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0
⇒ x = 5 , - 2 (x = -2 rejected)
Recall
Solve the following equations:
:Find the value of log (log 125). Q
3 5
(c) log2 (log3 x) = 3
Q Solve the following equations:

(c) log2 (log3 x) = 3

Solution:

log2 (log3 x) = 3
⇒ log3 x = 32
⇒ log3 x = 9
⇒ x = 39
 The set of all x satisfying the equation
Q

A {1, 9}

D
 The set of all x satisfying the equation
Q

A {1, 9}

D
 The set of all x satisfying the equation
Q

Solution:
 Q Solve the following system of equations:
loga x loga(xyz) = 48
loga y loga(xyz) = 12, a > 0, a ≠ 1.
loga z loga(xyz) = 84
Solution:
(a) logam + logan = loga mn

(b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Now lets study further properties

 Properties of Logarithms

(d) where c > o and c ≠ 1

(*) This is called Base Change Property

(e)

(*) Whenever log is in power, property (e) is useful)

(f)
 Properties of Logarithms

(d) where c > o and c ≠ 1

Q If y2 = xz and ax = by = cz , then

A logba = logc b

B logcb= loga c

C loga c = logb a

D loga b = 2 loga c
Q If y2 = xz and ax = by = cz , then

A logba = logc b

B logcb= loga c

C loga c = logb a

D loga b = 2 loga c
Q If y2 = xz and ax = by = cz , then

Solution:
We may straight away observe three important deductions
using the base change property.
We may straight away observe three important deductions
using the base change property.

(1) logc b × logb a = logc a (we may prove it by cross multiplying)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d
We may straight away observe three important deductions
using the base change property.

(1) logc b × logb a = logc a (we may prove it by cross multiplying)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d

(2) (we may prove it by taking c = b)

We may straight away observe three important deductions
using the base change property.

(1) logc b × logb a = logc a (we may prove it by cross multiplying)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d

(2) (we may prove it by taking c = b)

(3) (we may prove it using base change)

 Find the value of
Q
log3 4 log4 5 log5 6 log6 7 log7 8 log8 9.

Result

logc b × logb a = logc a

 Find the value of
Q
log3 4 log4 5 log5 6 log6 7 log7 8 log8 9.

Solution:
 If x, y, and z are the sides of a right angled triangle,
Q
where ‘z’ is the hypotenuse, then find the value of

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
Recall
 If x, y, and z are the sides of a right angled triangle,
Q
where ‘z’ is the hypotenuse, then find the value of

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
 If x, y, and z are the sides of a right angled triangle,
Q
where ‘z’ is the hypotenuse, then find the value of

Solution:
Here x, y, and z are the sides of a right angled triangle
So, z2 = x2 + y2
Q
Prove that:

Recall
Q
Prove that:

Solution:
Q Prove that:

Recall
Q Prove that:

Solution:
Q If , where N >0 and N ≠1, a, b, c > 0 and not equal to 1

then prove that b2 = ac.

Recall
Q If , where N >0 and N ≠1, a, b, c > 0 and not equal to 1

then prove that b2 = ac.

Solution:
Q If , where N >0 and N ≠1, a, b, c > 0 and not equal to 1

then prove that b2 = ac.

Solution:
Q Solve for x: logx 2 × log2x 2 = logx 2.

Recall
Q Solve for x: logx 2 × log2x 2 = logx 2.

Solution:
Q Solve for x: logx 2 × log2x 2 = logx 2.

Solution:
 Properties of Logarithms

(e)

(*) Whenever log is in power, property (e) is useful)

Q Simplify the following:

Recall
Q Simplify the following:
Q Simplify the following:

Solution:
Q Simplify the following:

Solution:
Q
Evaluate:

Solution:

Recall
Q Calculate:
Q Calculate:

Ans: 9
 JEE Advanced 2018

Q
The value of is
 JEE Advanced 2018

Q
The value of is

Ans: 8
 JEE Advanced 2018

Q
The value of is

Solution:
Q If then x is equal to

A 2

B 4

C 8

D 16

Result
Q If then x is equal to

A 2

B 4

C 8

D 16
Q If then x is equal to

Solution:
Q Find the number of digits in 340, given that log103 = 0.477
Q Find the number of digits in 340, given that log103 = 0.477

Solution:
Q Express log30 8 in terms of log30 3 & log30 5.

Solution: