Basic Mathematics

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Basic Mathematics
 Logarithms
loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)
 Logarithms
loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)

Ex. Consider the following examples.

(a) log24 =
(b) log101000 =
(c)
(d)
(e)
Basics of Logarithms
 Question!

Which of the following is false?

Q
A

D None of these
 Question!

Which of the following is false?

Q
A

D None of these
Solution :
 Question!

Q Solve:

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
 Question!

Q Solve:

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
Solution :
Observations
(a) loga a = 1

(b) loga 1 = 0
 Question!

If logx 256 = 4, then x = ______.

Q
A 3

B 4

C 6

D 1

Recall : loga b = c if b = ac (b > 0 and a > 0 and a ≠ 1)

 Question!

If logx 256 = 4, then x = ______.

Q
A 3

B 4

C 6

D 1
Solution :

logx 256 = 4
⇒ x4 = 256
⇒x=4
Properties of Logarithms
 Properties of Logarithms

Results

(a) logam + logan = loga mn

(b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

 Question!

Q Find the values of the following expressions.

(a) log10 30 - log10 3
(b)
(c) 3 log10 4 + 2 log10 5 + log10 6
 Question!

Q (a) Find the values of log10 30 - log10 3

Results
(a) logam + logan = loga mn
(b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Solution :
 Question!

Q (b) Find the values of

Results
(a) logam + logan = loga mn
(b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

Solution :
 Question!

Q (c) Find the values of 3 log10 4 + 2 log10 5 + log10 6

A log10 8400

B 1

C log10 9600

D None of these
(a) logam + logan = loga mn
Results (b)

(c) loga(m)n = n logam

 Question!

Q (c) Find the values of 3 log10 4 + 2 log10 5 + log10 6

A log10 8400

B 1

C log10 9600

D None of these
Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of log3 (log5 125).

Ex
Solution :

log3 (log5 125)

= log3 (3)
=1
 Question!

Q Solve the following equations.

(a) 2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

(b) log3 (x + 1) + log3 (x + 3) = 1

(c) log2 (log3 x) = 3

 Question!

Q (a) Solve: 2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

Solution :

2 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

⇒ 2 log3 3 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

⇒ log3 9 + log3 27 = log3 (4x + 7)

⇒ log3 243 = log3 (4x + 7)

⇒ 4x + 7 = 243
⇒ 4x = 236
⇒ x = 59
 Question!

Q (b) Solve : log3 (x + 1) + log3 (x + 3) = 1

Solution :
log3 (x + 1) + log3 (x + 3) = 1

log3 (x + 1) (x + 3) = 1
x2 + 4x + 3 = 3
x(x + 4) = 0
x = 0 or x = -4
So x = 0 is only solution, because
term inside log cannot be negative
 Question!

Q (c) Solve log2 (log3 x) = 3

Solution :

log2 (log3 x) = 3

⇒ log3 x = 32

⇒ log3 x = 9
⇒ x = 39
 Question!

Q Solve log4 8 + log4 (x + 3) - log4 (x - 1) = 2.

Solution :
Proof of basic property of log
Result

(d) where c > o and c ≠ 1

(*) This is called Base Change Property

(e)

(*) Whenever log is in power, property (e) is useful)

(f)
We may straight away observe three important deductions using the base
change property.
We may straight away observe three important deductions using the base
change property.

(1) (we may prove it by taking c =

b)

(2) logc b × logb a = logc a (we may prove it by cross multiplying)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d

(3) (we may prove it using base change)

Let’s solve some problems involving these properties.
 Question!

Evaluate log4 5 × log5 6 × log6 7 × log7 16

Q

Result

(2) logc b × logb a = logc)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d
Solution :

log4 5 × log5 6 × log6 7 × log7 16

= log4 6 × log6 7 × log7 16

= log4 7 × log7 16

= log4 16
=2
 Question!

Find the value of log3 4 log4 5 log5 6 log6 7 log7 8 log8 9.

Q

Result

(2) logc b × logb a = logc a (we may prove it by cross multiplying)

Generalized result is loga b × logb c × logc d = loga d
Solution :
 Result’s Recall

(d) where c > o and c ≠ 1

(*) This is called Base Change Property

(e)

(*) Whenever log is in power, property (e) is useful)

(f)
 Question!

Simplify the following.

Q
 Question!

Simplify the following.

Q

Result Result
Solution :
 Question!

Simplify the following.

Q

Result Result
Solution :
 Question!

Evaluate
Q
A 814

B 625

C 216

D None of these

Result Result
 Question!

Evaluate
Q
A 814

B 625

C 216

D None of these
Solution :
 Question!

Q Find the value of

Result Result
Solution :
 Question!

If then x is equal to
Q
A 2

B 4

C 8

D 16

Result
 Question!

If then x is equal to
Q
A 2

B 4

C 8

D 16
Solution :
Enroll into Multiple course
MASTER CLASS
TEACHER TEACHER
 Jee 2021

100 %ilers : 17
99 percentilers
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JEE Adv.
2020 548
 How to Avail Discount
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