ΘΕΩΡΙΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ Γ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ

-1
-
1. T ; T
;

.
, f .
2. T f x;
f . x A
y B ,
y = f (x)
y f x. f (x) f x.
3. f .
f ;
f x A y B ,
y = f (x) x, ,
, y, x
x, .
4. ' f , g .
I. S = f + g ; II. D = f g ; III. P = f g; IV. R
= f /g ;
f, g , :
S = f + g ,
D = f g , D ( x) = f ( x) g ( x) , x A
S ( x) = f ( x) + g ( x) , x A
P= f g,
R=
f
,
g
R ( x) =
P ( x) = f ( x) g ( x) , x A
f ( x)
, x A g ( x) 0 .
g ( x)
5. f .
f Oxy ;
f Oxy
M ( x, ( f ( x)) x A .
http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com/
-2
6. M(x, y)
f;
M ( x, y ) f, y = f (x) .
7. f .
y = f (x) ( x, y )
f f.
8. f
;
f ,
x1 , x 2 x1 < x 2 f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) ,
9. f
;
f , x1 , x 2
x1 < x 2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )
10. x1 ;
x1 . x 1 ,
11.I. f
x1 A ;
II. f
x2 A ;
I ) f x1 A ,
f ( x) f ( x1 ) x x1 , x 2 A , f ( x) f ( x 2 )
x x 2
ii) ) f x 2 A ,
f ( x) f ( x 2 ) x x 2
12. ;
, ,
.
-3
13. f g ,
f ( x ) = 1
g ( x ) = 2 1 , 2 :
im
im
x x0
x x0
( )
im ( f ( x ) + g ( x ) ) , im ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) , im ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) , im g ( x ) , im ( f ( x ) ) , im f ( x )
f x
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
lim ( f ( x) + g ( x)) = 1 + 2
x x0
lim (kf ( x)) = k 1
x x0
lim ( f ( x) g ( x)) = 1 2
x x0
f ( x) 1
=
lim
g ( x) 2
x x0
lim
lim ( f ( x)) = 1
x x0
x x0
f ( x) = 1 .
14. f ;
;
f , x 0 A
lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 ) .
x x0
15. : im x = .....
im x = .....
im e x = .....
x x0
x x0
im x = .....
x x0
x x0
im x = .....
x x0
im nx = .....
x x0
,
.
im x = im x0
x x0
x x0
im x =x0
x x0
im e x = e x0
x x0
im x = x0
im x =x0
x x0
x x0
im nx =nx0
x x0
16. f A(x0 , f (x0 )) C.

C ;

f ( x 0 , f ( x 0 )) f ( x 0 ) .
-4
17. f x0 ;
f x 0 . ,
lim
h 0
f ( x0 + h ) f ( x0 )
f
h
x0, f ( x 0 ) : f ( x 0 ) = lim
h 0
f ( x 0 + h) f ( x 0 )
h
18. y = f (x) x, x = x0 ;
f x0 ( f ( x 0 ) ) y = f (x) x,
x = x0 .
19. f ;
f , x A f
. , x B
f ( x + h) f ( x )
f ( x) = lim
. () f
h 0
h
f .
20. f ;
f f f .
21. f (x) = c 0
(c) = 0 .
f ( x + h) f ( x ) = c c = 0
h 0 ,
f ( x + h) f ( x)
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= 0 , lim
=0.
h
0
h
h
( c ) = 0 .
22. f (x) = x 1
(x) = 1.
f ( x + h) f ( x ) h
f ( x + h) f ( x) = ( x + h) x = h , h 0 ,
= = 1.
h
h
f ( x + h) f ( x )
lim
= lim 1 = 1 . a ( x ) = 1 .
h 0
h 0
h
-5
23. f (x) = x2 2x
(x2 ) = 2x .
f ( x) = x 2 .
f ( x + h) f ( x) = ( x + h) 2 x 2 = x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 x 2 = (2 x + h)h ,
f ( x + h) f ( x ) ( 2 x + h) h
h 0 ,
=
= 2x + h .
h
h
f ( x + h) f ( x)
= lim ( 2 x + h) = 2 x .
h 0
h 0
h
2
( x ) = 2 x
, lim
24. : f (x) =
( x ) = 2 1 x
,x>0.
f ( x ) =
x .
f ( x + h ) f ( x ) = x + h x ,
h 0 ,
f ( x + h ) f ( x ) ( x + h x )( x + h + x )
=
=
h
h( x + h + x )
( x + h )2 ( x )2
x+hx
=
=
h( x + h + x )
h( x + h + x )
h
1
=
=
h( x + h + x )
x+h + x
=
f ( x + h ) f ( x )
1
1
= lim
=
.
h
0
h
x+h + x 2 x
1
( x ) =
.
2 x
, lim
h 0
25. x , x , ex , lnx(x>0) ;
f ( x) = x , g ( x) = x
( x ) = x .
(x ) = x .
, e,
1
(e x ) = e x (ln x ) =
x
-6
26. (c f (x)) = c f (x) .
F ( x) = cf ( x) .
F ( x + h) F ( x) = cf ( x + h) cf ( x) = c( f ( x + h) f ( x)) , h 0
F ( x + h) F ( x ) c ( f ( x + h ) f ( x )
f ( x + h) f ( x )
.
=
=c
h
h
h
F ( x + h) F ( x )
f ( x + h) f ( x )
lim
= lim c
= cf ( x) .
h 0
h
0
h
h
(c f ( x )) = c f ( x ) .
27. ( f (x) + g(x)) = f (x) + g (x) .
F ( x) = f ( x) + g ( x) .
F ( x + h) F ( x) = ( f ( x + h) + g ( x + h)) ( f ( x) + g ( x))
h 0 ,
= ( f ( x + h) f ( x)) + ( g ( x + h) g ( x)) ,
F ( x + h) F ( x ) f ( x + h) f ( x ) g ( x + h) g ( x )
=
+
.
h
h
h
F ( x + h) F ( x )
f ( x + h) f ( x )
g ( x + h) g ( x )
= lim
+ lim
= f ( x) + g ( x).
h 0
h 0
h 0
h
h
h
lim
( f ( x ) + g ( x )) = f ( x ) + g ( x )
28. f (x) g(x) ,
f ( x)
g ( x)
, f (g(x)) ;

:
( f ( x ) g ( x )) = f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( x )
f ( x)
f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )
=
.
( g ( x )) 2
g( x )
( f ( g( x ))) =
f ( g ( x )) g ( x ) .
-7
29. f f (x) > 0

( f (x) < 0 )
;
f f ( x) > 0
, f
f f ( x) < 0
, f .
30. f f ( x0) =0 x0 (, ) , f (x) > 0 (, x0 ) f (x) < 0
(x0 , )
( f ( x0) =0 x0 (, ) , f (x) < 0 (, x0 ) f (x) > 0 (x0 , ) )
f (, ) ;
f f ( x 0 ) = 0 x0 (, ) , f ( x) > 0 (, x 0 ) f ( x) < 0
( x 0 , ) , f (, ) x = x 0 .
f f ( x 0 ) = 0 x0 (, ) , f ( x) < 0 (, x 0 ) f ( x) > 0
( x 0 , ) , f (, ) x = x 0 .
1
1
1
31. : = 2 (x) =
2 x
x
x
: f ( x ) = (
1
( 1 )'( x ) ( 1 )( x )' 0 ( x ) 1 1 1
) =
=
= 2
x
x2
x2
x
1
1
= 2 .
x
x
f ( x) = ( x)
x ( x )x x( x )
=
=
=
2 x
x
.
2 x + 2 x
1
=
2 x
2 x
(x ) =
1
.
2 x
-8
2
1. ;
:

.
2. , ,
;

. . ,
, ,
.
3. ;
(variables)
X , Y , Z , B, ...
.
4. ;
:
, .
, :
- , .
- ,
( , ) .
5. ; .

()
.
-

- ,
, .
-9
6. x1 < x2 < . . . < x , ,

v .
A . :
) () (i ) xi .
) (fi ) xi .
) (%) xi (fi % )
) (Ni ) xi ( ).
) (Fi) xi
(Fi %) .
. :
) 1 + 2+ + =
) N1 = ..
F1 = ..
) .. = Ni - Ni -1 i = 2 , 3 , , .
) .. = Fi - F i -1
, i = 2 , 3 , , .
) N = ..
F = ..
. ) x1 , x 2 ,..., x ,
v, . xi () i ,
xi
.
) i ,
f i xi ,
fi = i ,
i = 1,2,..., .
) f i , f i % ,
f i % = 100 f i .
) 8 i
xi .
) Fi ,
xi
. ) 1 + 2 + ... + = v ) 1 = 8 1 , f1 = F1 ,
) i = 8 i 8 i 1 , i = 2 , 3 , , .
) 8 = v1 + v2 + .. + vk
) f i = Fi Fi 1 i = 2 , 3 , , .
Fk = f1 + f 2 + f 3 + .... + f k
7. :
I . 0 f i 1 i =1 , 2 , ... ,
II . f1 + f2+ + f = 1
f 1 = 1 , f 2 = 2 ,..., f = :
v
v
v
0 f i 1, i = 1,2,..., ( 0 i v )
+ 2 + ... + v
: f 1 + f 2 + ... + f = 1
= =1.
v
v
- 10
8. x1 , x2 ,..., x ;
, ( xi , i ) .
9. ; .

.
.
.

.
.
10. ; .

xi ( x1 < x 2 <...< x )
, 2().
i
f i , .
11. ; .
( xi , i ) ( xi , f i )
, ,

12. ; .

, .
,
,, i
f i xi .
- 11
13.. i xi ;
i
, :
360 o
= 360 o f i i =1,2,..., .
14. ;
,
.
i = i
15. ;

, .

.
16. ;
, ;
,
.

. i i
xi ,
17. ; ;
;

.
, , . ,
(),
,
.
c ,
,
. ,
.
,
- 12
, ,

,
.
1,
12
vi
0,3
fi
10
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0
156
162
168 174
180 186
192
156
162
( cm)
168 174
180 186
192
( cm)
()
()
.
-
.
i
( )

1
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
156 162 168 174 180 186 192
( cm)
18.
;

, .
19 ;

( ) ( ),
,

- 13
20. ;
[, ],),
()
()
()
()
21 . ;
(), (normal distribution)

.
()
()
()
()
22. ; ;
.
,
( x > ) () ( x < )
().
()
()
()
()
23. ;
- 14
24 . ;

, .
25 . ;
.
x = x 0 ,
x0 0 x .
.
26. , t1 , t2 , ... ,
t ;
t1 , t 2 ,..., t v ,
x :
x=
t1 + t2 + ... + t
t
i =1
i =1
27. , x1 , x2
, ... , x , 1 ,2 ,..., ;
, x1 , x 2 ,..., x
v1 , v 2 ,..., v , :
x + x + ... + x
x= 1 1 2 2
=
1 + 2 + ... +
i i
i =1
i i
i =1
i =1
28. x1 , x2 ,..., x
() w1 ,w2 ,..., w ;
() x1 , x 2 ,..., x
,
. x1 , x 2 ,..., x ,
() w1 , w2 ,..., w ,
:
- 15
x=
x1 w1 + x 2 w2 + ... + x w
=
w1 + w2 + ... + w
xi wi
i =1
wi
i =1
29. , x1 ,x2
,..., x , f1 , f2 ,
, f ;
, x1 ,x2 ,..., x ,
f1 , f2 , , f ;
x = xi
i =1
i
= xi f i
i =1
30. ()
;
()
, , ()

31. (R) ;
.
(R),
, :
R = -
,
, .
32.
.
( x x1 ) + ( x x2 ) + ... + ( x xv ) vx ( x1 + x2 + ... + xv )
( x + x + ... + xv )
=
= x 1 2
=
v
v
v
xx =0
- 16
33. (s) ( t1 , t2
,..., tv );
t1 ,t2 t3 ,....,t
t i x ,
s2 =
( t x )
i =1
34.
.
, .
. ,
cm, cm 2 .
,
, ,

35. (s) ;
, s :
s = s2
36. ( x )
(s) ,
ii) ( x 2s, x + 2s)
iii) ( x 3s, x + 3s)
i) ( x s, x + s)

, s :
i)
68%
( x s, x + s )
ii) 95%
( x 2 s, x + 2 s )
iii) 99,7% -
( x 3s, x + 3s)
x 3s x 2 s x s
s
s
x + s x + 2 s x + 3s
68%
95%
99,7%
- 17
37. R ;
R ,
R 6s .
38. CV ;
,
,
,
:
CV =

s
100% = 100%

x
39. ,
;
, :
CVA < CVB

40. ;
,
10%.
41. x , , s , s2 , R ;
:
R
s2
s
:
x

: y= ..... S y = .....
42. ) yi = xi +c
) y i =x i
) y = x + c ,
s y = sx
) y = c x ,
s y =| c | s x
: y = .....
S y = .....
43. : s 2 =
f i ( xi x ) = f i xi2 ( x )
i=1
i=1
x1 ,x2 ,..., x , f1 , f2 , ... , f .
- 18
v (x x )
i
s =
2
i=1
v ( x x ) + v2 ( x2 x ) + ... + vk ( xk x )
v ( x x ) + v2 ( x2 x ) + ... + vk ( xk x )
= 1 1
= 1 1
=
v
v
2
v1 ( x1 x ) v2 ( x2 x )
v (x x)
v
v
v
2
2
2
+
+ .. + k k
= 1 ( x1 x ) + 2 ( x2 x ) + .. + k ( xk x ) =
v
v
v
v
v
v
2
f1 ( x1 x ) + f 2 ( x2 x ) + .. + f k ( xk x ) = f i ( xi x )
2
i=1
2
2
2
xi vi
xi vi
xi vi
1 2
1 i =1
i =1
2
2 vi
2
s = xi vi
= xi f i i =1 2 =
. = xi
v i =1
v
v
v
v
i =1
i =1
xi vi
2
x
f
v xi f i x
i =1
i =1
i =1
2
i i
()
3
1. ;

.

, ( ) .
.
2 . ) ;
) ;

.
.
3. ;

.
4. ;
- 19
5.
;
,
, .
6. ;
.
7. ;
,
,
. .
.
.
8. N(A) ;
8 ( A) .
9. A B ; A B
Venn .
A B ,
,
A
B

A B
10. A B ; A B
Venn.
A B ,
,
, .
A B
- 20
11. A ; A
Venn.
A ,
A
A
-,
.
.
12. AB ; A B
Venn.
A B ,
,
.
A B = A B .
A B
13. ;
,
A B = .
14 . ;
f A .
15. = { 1 , 2 , , } {1},{2},,{}
1 , 2 , ,
f1 , f2 , , f . f1 + f2 + + f = 1 .
f 1 = 1 , f 2 = 2 ,..., f = :
v
v
v
1 + 2 + ... + v
f 1 + f 2 + ... + f =
= =1.
v
v
16. ;
- 21

( ),
. ,
, .
17. .
P ( A) =

8 ( A)
.
=

8 ( )
18.
P() =1 , P( ) =0 , 0 P(A) 1 ;
:
8 ( )
1. P ( ) =
=1
8 ( )
0
2. P () =
=0
8 ( )
3. 0 P ( A) 1 ,
.
19. .
= { 1 , 2 ,..., } .
{ i } ,
P (i ) , :
0 P (i ) 1
P (1 ) + P (2 ) + ... + P ( ) = 1 .
P (i ) { i } .
P ( A) A = { 1 , 2 ,..., }
P (1 ) + P( 2 ) + ... + P ( ) ,
P () = 0 .
- 22
20.
: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
8 ( A) = 8 ( B ) = , A B + ,
. , 8 ( A B ) = + = 8 ( A) + 8 ( B ) .
:
8 ( A B)
8 ( )
8 ( A) + 8 ( B )
=
8 ( )
8 ( A) 8 ( B )
=
+
.
8 ( ) 8 ( )
= P( A) + P ( B ) .
P ( A B) =
A B
(simply additive law)

. , ,
P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B) + P ( ) .
21. A :
P(A) = 1 P(A) .
A A = , A ,
, :
P ( A A) = P ( A) + P ( A)
A
A
P ( ) = P ( A) + P ( A)
1 = P ( A) + P ( A) .
P ( A) = 1 P ( A) .
22 . :
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)

8 ( A B ) = 8 ( A) + 8 ( B ) 8 ( A B ) , (1)
8 ( A) + 8 ( B ) A B
.
(1) 8 ( ) :
8 ( A B) 8 ( A) 8 ( B ) 8 ( A B)
=
+
8 ( )
8 ( ) 8 ( )
8 ( )
A B
- 23

P ( A B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) P ( A B ) .

23 . : P(A) P(B) .
A B :
8 ( A)
8 ( B)
8 ( A) 8 ( B )
8 ( ) 8 ( )
P ( A) P ( B ) .
B
A
24 . : P(A - B) = P(A) - P(B) .
A B A B
( A B ) ( A B) = A , :
P ( A) = P ( A B ) + P ( A B ) .
P ( A B ) = P ( A) P ( A B ) .
A B
25 . : ) P[(A - B)
(-)] = P(A) + () - 2P(B) .
) (
) = 1 () () + (
)
) max {P(A) , P(B) } (
) min { 1 , () + () }
) max { 0 , P(A) + P(B) 1 } (
) min { () , () }
) () + () > 1 , .
) A B , B A :
P(( A B ) ( B A )) = P( A B ) + P( B A ) = P( A ) P( A B ) + P( B ) P( A B ) =
P( A ) + P( B ) 2 P( A B )
)
P(( A B )') = 1 P(( A B )) = 1 ( P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B )) =
1 P( A ) P( B ) + P( A B )
)
B A B P( B ) P( A B )
Max{ P( B ), P( A )} P( A B )
A A B P( A ) P( A B )
- 24
P( A B ) = P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B ) P( A B ) P( A ) + P( B )
P( A B ) 1
P( A B ) Min{ 1, P( A ) + P( B )}
) ) max { 0 , P(A) + P(B) 1 } () min { () , () }
A B A P( A B ) P( A )
Min{ P( B ), P( A )} P( A B )
A B B P( A B ) P( B )
P( A B ) 1 P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B ) 1 P( A ) + P( B ) 1 P( A B )
P( A B ) 0
max{ 0 ,P( A ) + P( B ) 1 } ( )
) () + () > 1 ,
, P( A B ) = P( A ) + P( B ) > 1 ,

ΘΕΩΡΙΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ Γ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ

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ΘΕΩΡΙΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ Γ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ

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-1

lim (kf ( x)) = k 1

16. f A(x0 , f (x0 )) C.

26. (c f (x)) = c f (x) .

27. ( f (x) + g(x)) = f (x) + g (x) .

28. f (x) g(x) ,

29. f f (x) > 0

6. x1 < x2 < . . . < x , ,

156 162 168 174 180 186 192

(), (normal distribution)

CVA < CVB

x1 ,x2 ,..., x , f1 , f2 , ... , f .

(simply additive law)

24 . : P(A - B) = P(A) - P(B) .

P(( A B )') = 1 P(( A B )) = 1 ( P( A ) + P( B ) P( A B )) =

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