ster Management.
The third major.cause of tsunami is volcanic activity.. The flank of a volcano locateg
automatic sprinkler system can be provided on the intermediate ‘wall. Moreover, the
bridge corridor and.the. bottom of the. safety, ladder. are also provided with a Plurality
of automatic sprinklers. such that the sprinkler turns on when a fire.breaks Out and aj)
Personnel can pass through: the. bridge corridor,safely to enter, into the emergency
shelter, :
> Albfire scapes shall be'directly connectedito the ground:
> Enitrance’to thé fire: escape shall be ‘separate and remoté-from the internal
staircase,
> Care shall be taken to ensure that the wall opening or, window opens on to
role
or close to a fire escape.
The route to, the fire escape shail be frée of obstructions at all times.
The fire escape shall be constructed of non-combustible materials, and any
doorway leading to the fire escape shall have the r
> No staircase, used as a fire escape,
>» $45? fromthe: horizontal.
> “Fire escape stairs’ shall:have’ straight flight not less’ than 75 cm wide with
20 cm treads’ and risers not more’ than 19
limited to 15 per flight. be
> Hand rails shall be of a height not less than 100 cm. i
‘SPIRAL Fine Escape ; The use of Spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load
and to a building not exceeding 9 m in height unless they are connected to platforms,
such as balconies and terraces to allow escapes to pause.
A spiral fire escape shall be not less than 150 ¢
to give adequate headroom.
equired fire resistance
Shall be inclined at an angle greater than
cm. The number of tisers shall be
m in diameter and shall be designed
2.7 CYCLONE Setters
It-was felt that number of deaths were more in t
Cyclone at Orissa-due to non-availability of safe shelter. buildings in the coastal villages,
which could have. withstood the intensity of the cyclone and the storm surge: Only 23
cyclone shelters were constructed by Indian Red Cross before the super cyclone, wherein
about 42000 people took shelter and’ saved their life. In the aftermath of the Super
cyclone 1999, Government of Orissa décided to construct multipurpose cyclone shelters
along the Orissa coast to provide safe’ shelters to the vulnerable People during floods
and cyclones [Fig'2.24 (a) & (b)]. © :
No person will have to travel more than 2.25 km to get a safe shelter and without
crossing @ natural Barrier. The building is designed to withstand wind speed up t?
he affected areas during the Super
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Disaster Mitigation Measures
300 km/hr and moderate earthquakes. Its plinth is above High Flood Line (HFL) and
leve
standing.on a stilted-floor, it can remain unaffected in-storm: surge up to the 1* floor
ach cyclone shelter has been provided with 32 types of sophisticated equipment
required for disaster management including power saw, siren, free kitchen utensils,
flexi water tank,
generator,
beir
golar light, stretcher, life buoy and life jacket, inflatable tower light,
etc. To review preparedness and to practice the skills learnt, mock drills are
ng organized in collaboration with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
in all cyclone shelters on 19th June every year at Orissa.
[www.osdma.org/ViewDetails. aspx]
2.8! DISSEMINATION OF WARNINGS
the cyclone warnings are disseminated by the following means :
© High priority telegrams.
Telecast through Doordarshan
Broadcast through AIR.
Bulletins to the press.
satellite-based disaster-warning systems (cyclone disaster warning system)
In addition to the above, cyclone warnings are also disseminated through tele-printers,
telex, facsimile and telephones wherever such facilities exists with the recipients. The
warning bulletins are normally issued at 3 hourly Intervals, but more frequently
whenever needed. These bulletins contain the information on the areas threatened by
cyclones, heavy rainfall, and magnitude of destructive winds and inundation of coastal
sareas: by storm surges. Advice for'fishermen not to venture into the sea and for
evacuation of the people from the low-lying areas is also included.
Warning for Cyclone
> Dissemination of information on the location, timing, intensity and likely damage
during the cyclone;
Alerting of relief personnel and theit assembly at pre-designated points;
Positioning of communication facilities of VHF/HAM sets/telephones;
Release of funds to MROs under TR'27;
Regulation of etry into emergency zone; and
Verification of the status of action on standing operational procedures.
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Mm Disaster Management a :
Flood Warning ;
The flood warning system basically means the Working out of bias 2erokrapn
at a given point sufficiently in advance, given the flood hydrograph ies BE or,
Beuges sufficiently upstream, taking into consideration the followings : fallen ins
() the effect of the incidence of rainfall forecast. for or, that as al en the
intervening catchment and:the consequent contribution of floods enroute, ang
(ii) the moderation effected by the valley storage.from the upstream gauge to the
Point under, consideration.
The flood warning system is prepared by
(2) forecasting crest height and time
(b) flood routing techniques
With a properly developed system of Scientific flood forecasting and warning, human
toll and destruction to movable Properties could be greatly mitigated,
sstions)|
1. Define Earthquake. What are the general characteristics of earthquake?
2. State Causes of Earthquake. How they are measured? Which Parts of India are
more vulnerable for frequent earthquakes?
3. Discuss about general adverse effects of earthquake briefly.
4. What are the’ different seismic zones ini
on nature of earthquake.
5. What are'the causes of Tsunami?
6. Describe the necessity of Risk identifi
a project.
India and ‘state the division of zones based
8. Explain the terms: (i) Vulnerability,
interrelationship.
9. Discuss the steps to be taken for Disaster Risk Reduction,
10. State briefly different types of Stru
the risks of devastating disasters,
1. Discuss very briefi
combat disasters,
12. Which parts of India
Gil) Risk, (ii) Hazard and (iv) Disaster and their
ctural mitigation Measures to be taken to reduce
ly different Non-Structural mitigation Measures to be taken to
are experiencing fre
art i fe ro Patural calamities such ag a) heavy
rain fall (b) huge losses due to floode (©) severe cyclones? #
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