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Digital Computer Fundamentals and Architecture

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital computers, covering topics such as computer architecture, data representation, and arithmetic operations. It also discusses instruction processing, CPU architectures, and the organization of control units, including hardwired and microprogrammed control units. The content is structured into three units, each detailing key concepts and mechanisms essential for understanding digital computing.

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arjavj514
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18 views2 pages

Digital Computer Fundamentals and Architecture

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital computers, covering topics such as computer architecture, data representation, and arithmetic operations. It also discusses instruction processing, CPU architectures, and the organization of control units, including hardwired and microprogrammed control units. The content is structured into three units, each detailing key concepts and mechanisms essential for understanding digital computing.

Uploaded by

arjavj514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Set 1

Unit-1: Fundamentals of Digital Computers

1. Introduction to Digital Computers

a) What is a digital computer? How does it differ from an analog computer?

b) Why do we use digital computers instead of analog computers in most


applications?

2. Computer Architecture and Components

a) Explain the different functional blocks of a computer system.

b) Describe the role of CPU components: Registers, ALU, Clock, and Control
Unit.

3. Evolution and Architectures

a) Describe the evolution of computer systems from early generations to modern


systems.

b) Compare Von Neumann and Harvard architectures with suitable diagrams.

4. Data Representation and Arithmetic Operations

a. Differentiate between Big Endian and Little Endian storage formats with
examples.

b. Convert the following numbers:

i. (1011.101)₂ to Decimal

ii. (79)₁₀ to Binary

c. Perform the following arithmetic operations:

i. (1101)₂ + (1010)₂

ii. (1101)₂ - (0110)₂ using 2’s complement method

d. Explain unsigned and signed number representations in computing.

5. Register Transfer Language (RTL) and Micro-Operations

a) a. What is Register Transfer Language (RTL)? Explain its significance in


computer organization.
b) b. Explain different types of micro-operations: Arithmetic, Logical, and Shift
micro-operations.

Unit-2: Instruction Processing and CPU Architectures

1. Instruction Formats and Execution

a) What is an instruction code? Explain its significance in a computer system.

b) Explain different instruction formats with examples.

2. Instruction Cycle and Control Mechanism

a) Explain the instruction cycle with the help of a flowchart.

b) Describe instruction sequencing and how it affects program execution.

3. Addressing Modes and Memory Reference Instructions

a) What are addressing modes? Explain different types of addressing techniques


with examples.

b) How does stack organization work in a CPU? Explain stack-based instruction


execution with a diagram.

Unit-3: Control Unit Organization

1. Hardwired Control Unit and Timing Signals

a) What is a Hardwired Control Unit? Explain how it works with an example.

b) Discuss the role of timing signals in a Hardwired Control Unit.

2. Microprogrammed Control Unit

a) Explain the concept of a microprogrammed control unit. How does it differ


from a hardwired control unit?

b) Describe the role of control memory in a microprogrammed control unit.

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