April 4 – Warm-up Day Topics:
Metabolism Overview
o Glycolysis: Steps, enzymes, ATP/NADH yield
o TCA Cycle: Substrates, products, key regulation points
o Oxidative Phosphorylation: ETC components, ATP synthase, inhibitors
Cell Membrane Structure & Transport Mechanisms
o Fluid Mosaic Model, Lipid Bilayer components
o Transport Types: Passive, Facilitated, Active
o Endocytosis/Exocytosis: Mechanisms and functions
April 5 – April 24 Detailed Study Plan
YouTube
Date Topics Details/Focus
Channel
Membrane Potential, Ion
April Resting potential, voltage-gated channels, synapse AK
Channels, Neuronal
5 transmission, sodium/potassium channels Lectures
Signaling
April Protein Structure, Folding, Primary to quaternary structure, motifs/domains, AK
6 Function chaperones, denaturation Lectures
April Enzymes: Mechanisms, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, Lineweaver-Burk plot, AK
7 Kinetics, Inhibitors reversible/irreversible inhibition Lectures
April Enzymes, origin of replication, directionality, AK
DNA Structure, Replication
8 eukaryotic vs prokaryotic Lectures
April Transcription & RNA mRNA synthesis, RNA pol I/II/III, splicing, 5'-cap, AK
9 Processing poly-A tail Lectures
April Translation, Ribosomes, tRNA structure, initiation/elongation/termination, AK
10 Genetic Code wobble hypothesis Lectures
April Phases (G1, S, G2, M), checkpoints, cyclins/CDKs, AK
Cell Cycle & Apoptosis
11 caspases, Bcl-2 family Lectures
Cytoskeleton: Actin,
April Functions, motor proteins, cell motility, mitotic AK
Microtubules, Intermediate
12 spindle, drugs (colchicine, taxol) Lectures
Filaments
April Cell Signaling (GPCR, RTK, Pathways, second messengers, receptor structure, AK
13 cAMP, IP3 etc.) phosphorylation cascades Lectures
Immunology (T/B cells,
April MHC I & II, APCs, clonal selection, isotypes, AK
Innate vs Adaptive,
14 immune memory Lectures
Antibodies)
April Developmental Biology: Induction, gradient signaling, Hox genes, AK
15 Morphogens, Germ Layers gastrulation Lectures
Cancer Biology (Hallmarks,
April p53, Rb, Ras, metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer AK
Oncogenes, Tumor
16 therapies Lectures
Suppressors)
Recombinant DNA Tech,
April PCR, cloning, vectors, restriction enzymes, CRISPR, AK
Molecular Biology
17 blotting techniques Lectures
Techniques
April Light, confocal, fluorescence, TEM, SEM, FACS, AK
Microscopy Techniques
18 resolution concepts Lectures
April C. elegans, Drosophila, Yeast, Zebrafish, Mouse: AK
Model Organisms
19 why and where they’re used Lectures
April Simulate exam conditions; focus: time
Mock Test 1 + Review
20 management, accuracy
April
Mock Test 2 + Weak Areas Revise weak points from Test 1 + new test
21
April
Mock Test 3 + Final Revision Cumulative mock + key points recap
22
April
Rapid Recap (All Topics) Skim key notes, mind maps, diagrams
23
April Light Review + Mind Maps +
Final glance, relax brain, sleep well
24 Relax
Flashcards: Cell Membrane Structure & Transport
Q: What are the main components of a biological membrane?
A: Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
Q: What is the fluid mosaic model?
A: A model that describes the membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded or
associated with a phospholipid bilayer.
Q: What type of lipids are most abundant in the plasma membrane?
A: Phospholipids.
Q: What is the role of cholesterol in the membrane?
A: It maintains fluidity and stability of the membrane.
Q: What are integral membrane proteins?
A: Proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer and often span the membrane.
Q: What are peripheral membrane proteins?
A: Proteins that are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.
Q: What is passive transport?
A: Movement of molecules across a membrane without energy input, along the concentration
gradient.
Q: What are types of passive transport?
A: Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
Q: What is facilitated diffusion?
A: Transport of substances across a membrane using a carrier or channel protein.
Q: What is active transport?
A: Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).
Q: Give an example of primary active transport.
A: Sodium-potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase).
Q: What is secondary active transport?
A: Transport driven by the energy stored in the form of an ion gradient created by primary active
transport.
Q: What are aquaporins?
A: Channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across the membrane.
Q: What is endocytosis?
A: Process by which cells engulf material from the external environment via vesicles.
Q: What is exocytosis?
A: Process by which cells expel materials using vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
