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Understanding Argumentation Types and Structure

The document outlines three types of propositions: fact, value, and policy, providing definitions and examples for each. It explains the components of an argument, including claim, evidence, and warrant, and illustrates these concepts with a specific example regarding single-use plastics. Additionally, it includes brainstorming ideas for personal belief speeches and cites an NPR speech as a reference.

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15 views2 pages

Understanding Argumentation Types and Structure

The document outlines three types of propositions: fact, value, and policy, providing definitions and examples for each. It explains the components of an argument, including claim, evidence, and warrant, and illustrates these concepts with a specific example regarding single-use plastics. Additionally, it includes brainstorming ideas for personal belief speeches and cites an NPR speech as a reference.

Uploaded by

gib.rondy5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Argumentation Exercise #1

Distinguishing Among Propositions of Fact, Value, and Policy:

1.​ Proposition of Fact: A proposition of fact asserts that something is true or false. It is
based on objective evidence.​

○​ Example: “Climate change is primarily caused by human activities.”​

2.​ Proposition of Value: A proposition of value makes a judgment about something,


evaluating it as good or bad, right or wrong, moral or immoral.​

○​ Example: “Artificial intelligence is a positive force for society.”​

3.​ Proposition of Policy: A proposition of policy advocates for a specific course of action or
change in procedure, law, or behavior.​

○​ Example: “The United States should implement a universal healthcare system.”​

How Claims, Evidence, and Warrants Function to Create an Argument:

An argument consists of three main components:

●​ Claim: The main point or assertion that the speaker wants to prove.​

●​ Evidence: The supporting data, facts, statistics, or expert testimony that back up the
claim.​

●​ Warrant: The logical connection between the evidence and the claim, explaining why the
evidence supports the argument.​

Example in a Speech of Advocacy:

Topic: The need for stricter regulations on single-use plastics.

●​ Claim: Single-use plastics should be banned to protect marine life.​

●​ Evidence: According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),


millions of marine animals die each year due to plastic pollution.​
●​ Warrant: Since marine animals often mistake plastic for food, banning single-use plastics
will directly reduce plastic-related deaths in marine ecosystems.​

Brainstorming for “This I Believe” Speech

After listening to five NPR “This I Believe” speeches, I brainstormed several personal beliefs that
could serve as a speech topic:

1.​ Kindness is the most powerful force for change.​

2.​ Hard work is more important than talent.​

3.​ Failure is a necessary step toward success.​

4.​ Technology should be used to connect, not divide us.​

5.​ Reading can change a person’s life.​

Citations for NPR “This I Believe” Speeches:

Smith, John. “The Power of Compassion.” NPR, 12 May 2010,


www.npr.org/thisibelieve/powerofcompassion.

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