Claims of

Fact, Policy,
and Value
•In this lesson, you
will learn how to
formulate certain
claims to support
your arguments.
• How do you defend your
argument? What are
some of the techniques
that you use to defend
your argument?
• In writing, you usually include
arguments to support your claims.
However, these arguments must be
strongly written to make a credible
composition. Credibility is
important, and strong ideas must
be expressed to deliver the actual
meaning of the composition to the
readers.
• Certain claims are expressed
as thesis statements; these
statements refer to the main
ideas of the paper. This will
guide the readers to the
primary purpose of the
composition.
 Claims of Fact

• Claims of Fact tells us
that certain arguments
are non-negotiable and
are products of
one's inferences.
 Non-negotiable claims

mean that certain

 

arguments are existing or

readily available even
before one formulates his
or her own claims.
 Inference claims

suggest probability; that

 

means one's inference of a

certain claim can be the
same or different with
others.
 Inference

•  is a product of one's

interpretation based
on identified evidence
or set of evidence.
The most important thing to
consider in writing claims of fact
is to avoid prejudices and write
based on a critical, well-
examined argument such as a
result of a previously conducted
research or numerical data to
quantify specific claims.
 Example

"According to scientific
research, watching too much
TV equates to having low vision
that impedes a person from
performing daily activities."
 Explanation

• There is an evidence to
prove this claim which is
the scientific research,
therefore, this is a good
example of "claim of fact".
 Claims of Policy
Claims of policy use the 'Rogerian' approach in
formulating claims. It means that in making claims
of policy one has to consider the perspective of
another person and avoid adversarial
relationship.In this approach, you will also include
the pros and cons of the identified solution. By
using certain words like "must" and "should" in
formulating claims of policy one includes asserting
that a certain solution must be instituted.
 Example:

•"Cigarettes must b
e banned because
they cause lung
cancer."
 Explanation:

• The argument is
stating that cigarettes
can cause certain
diseases, therefore, it
should be prohibited.
 Claims of Value
• Claims of value use moral
and ethical grounds. If one
is formulating claims of
value, one is trying to prove
that a certain claim or
belief is right or wrong.
 Example

•"Euthanasia, or
the act of mercy
killing, should be
avoided."
 Explanation

• This argument appeal to the

human moral of right and
wrong, it states that no matter
how painless the mercy killing
might appear to be, it is still
immoral to do.
 Key Points

• Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value

• In writing, one usually includes arguments to support his or her claims.
– Certain claims are expressed as thesis statements; these statements refer to the main ideas of the paper.
• Claims of Fact
• Claims of Fact usually tell us that certain arguments are non-negotiable and are products of one's
inferences.
• Non-negotiable claims mean that certain arguments are existing or readily available even before
one formulates his or her own claims.
• Inference claims suggest probability; that means one's inference of a certain claim can be the same
or different with others.
• Claims of Policy
• Claims of policy mean that in making claims of policy one has to consider the perspective of other
person and avoid adversarial relationship.
• Claims of Value
• Claims of value use moral and ethical grounds.